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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004" : 6 Documents clear
REKAYASA OVEN PORTABEL-HORISONTAL PADA PENGOLAHAN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA SAMSURI TIRTOSASTRO; ABI DWI HASTONO; . DARMONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.96-105

Abstract

Oven portabel-horisontal (4m x 8m x 4m) untuk pengovenan daun tembakau Virginia menjadi krosok fc (flue-cured) telah direkayasa di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Malang, Indonesia. Konstruksi oven terdiri alas komponen dinding oven berisolasi (80cm x 200cm), kerangka dari besi siku dan bcsi U, kolektor surya datar (solar flat- collector) yang dipasang pada atap oven. Sistem pcmanas kompor Bros dengan pemanasan tidak langsung. Pengujian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2002 di Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Model oven portabel-horisontal ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan suhu niang oven yang seragam sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengoven daun tembakau yang persentase masak optimalnya tinggi (90- 95%), hemat bahan bakar, dapat dipasang mendekati areal tanaman sehingga hemat ongkos angkut dan dapat menekan kerusakan pasca panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata selisih suhu ruang atas dan ruang bawah, serta ruang sebclah kanan dan sebelah kiri, masing-masing 2.53°C dan 2.30°C sedangkan selisih kelembaban udara pada posisi yang sama masing-masing hanya 4.55% dan 3.64%. Kadar gula krosok yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 17.19-19.47% dan nikotin 3.16-3.73%. Konsumsi minyak tanah 1.09 l/kg krosok atau 1.16 l/kg krosok jika tanpa kolektor surya dan hanya 40.92% dibanding oven biasa yang memeriukan 2.39-2.80 l/kg krosok. Kolektor surya datar menyumbang 952 625 kJ setara 28.24 I minyak tanah atau 5.80% dari konsumsi minyak tanah, meskipun alat ini memeriukan 17.16% dari total investasi oven. Panas yang hilang melalui dinding karena konduksi hanya mencapai 3.57%, lebih rendah dibanding kehilangan panas pada dinding bata yang mencapai 12.7% - 16.0%. Hasil grading krosok menghasilkan harga jual rata-rata Rp. 12.275/kg kosok, sedangkan hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan rasio BC = 1.29; NPV = Rp. 41 962 590 dan IRR = 51.83% atau masih membei peluang keuntungan dan pengembalian kredit. Hasil perhitungan simulasi jika digunakan oven horisontal sederhana dengan harga Rp. 8 000 000 tiap unit, harga krosok Rp. 10 000, Rp. 12 500, dan Rp. 15 000 tiap kg dan harga minyak tanah Rp. 1 000, Rp. I 250 dan Rp. I 500 tiap liter masih memberi indikasi peluang keuntungan dan pengembalian kredit. Konstruksi oven akan lebih sederhana jika digunakan kerangka kayu dan tanpa kolektor surya.Kata kunci : Nicotiana tabacum, L, tembakau, prosesing, oven, portabel- horisontal, kolektor surya, analisis energi, mutu krosok, aspek ekonomi ABSTRACT Engineering of horizontal-potabel curing-barn of Virgi¬ nia tobacco curingEngineeing of the horizontal-portable curing-barn (4m x 8m x 4m) of Virginia tobacco curing lo produce Virginia fc (flue-cured) tobacco conducted in Indonesian Tobacco and Fibers Crops Research Institute, Malang, Indonesia. The curing-bam construction consisted of portable isolation wall, metal frame from L and U iron-bar and flat solar collector which was installed in curing-bam roof. Bros buner and air indirect heating system were used. This curing-bam was tested in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara on virgina tobacco harvested in August to October 2002. This horizontal-portable curing-bam was expected to be able to96 produce the homogen temperature and humidity in all space of the curing- bam so that it is suitable for curing the harvesting tobacco leaves which high percentage of mature leaves (90-95%), fuel efficienct and liable to be constructed near tobacco plant area, so that it can decrease the transpotation cost and postharvest damage. The result of the research showed that there were significant difference between above-space and lower-space, let-space and right-space, even it was only 2.53°C and 2.30°C, respectively. The same position for air humidity, 4.55% and 3.64%, respectivelly. Kerosene fuel consumption 1.09 I each kg cured- leaves or 1.16 I each kg cured leaves if without lat solar collector, lower than farmers conventional curing-bam which consumpt 2.39-2.80 I each kg cured-leaves. Flat solar-collector contributed 952 625 Id only or 5.80% of kerosene consumption or equal lo 28.24 I kerosene, even though this equipment needed 17.16% of total curing-bam in vestal ion Heat conduction lost through the portable wall only 3.57%, lower than brickwall conventional curing-bam which reach 12.7-16.0%. Result of the cured-leaves grading gave the average price Rp 12 275,- each kg cured- leaves and economic analysis showed that BC-ratio-1.29, NPV-41 962 590 and IRR=51.83% or still gave the profit chance and ability to pay the capital interest. Result of simulate calculation by simple construction curing-bam, Rp. 8 000 000 price each unit, still gave BC-ratio above one percent. This indicated the profit chance and ability to pay the capital interest. In this simulate calculation three price of cured-leaves and kerosene was used, as followed Rp. 10 000, Rp. 12 500, and Rp. 15 000 each kg cured leaves, and Rp. I 000, Rp. 1 250 and Rp. I 500 each liter of kerosene, respectivelly. The construction of the curing-bam will be simpler if using wood frame and without lat solar collector.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, L., tobacco, processing, oven, horizontal- portable curing-bam, lat solar-collector, energy analysis, cured-leaves grade, economical-aspect
ANALISIS LINTAS SIFAT-SIFAT AGRONOMIS TERHADAP INDEKS TANAMAN DAN KADAR NIKOTIN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA BOJONEGORO . ADJISASTROSUPADI; A. S. MURDIYATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.83-88

Abstract

Hubungan sifat-sifat agronomis terhadap indeks tanaman dan kadar nikotin telah dicari dengan analisis lintas. Tujuan dari analisis adalah untuk mengetahui pcubah bebas yang sangat mempengaruhi peubah yang tidak bebas, indeks mutu dan kadar nikotin daun, sehingga dapat mengurangi banyaknya pengamatan yang dilakukan. Data pengamatan agronomis yang meliputi : jumlah daun/pohon, luas daun ke-7, luas daun ke-15, bobot rajangan kering/ha, indeks mutu dan indeks tanaman diperoleh dari percobaan pemupukan tiga galur harapan tembakau Virginia di kebun percobaan Pekuwon Bojonegoro dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober 2002. Hasil analisis lintas antara indeks tanaman dengan peubah bebas di atas menunjukkan bahwa indeks tanaman sangat ditentukan oleh bobot rajangan kering dengan koefisien lintas pm-1.03367 dan koefisien dcterminasi parsial 102%. Hubungan lintas bcrantai melalui pcubah rajangan kering dan indeks mutu menunjukkan bahwa luas daun kc-7 sangat mempengaruhi rajangan kering dengan koefisien lintas (p„i)- 0.85257 dan rajangan kering sangat mempengaruhi indeks tanaman dengan koefisien lintas (p,x,)= 0.95639, indeks mutu pengaruhnya terhadap indeks lanaman sangat kecil dengan koefisien lintas p,M = 0.12316. Analisis lintas antara kadar nikotin daun dengan ke lima peubah tidak baik (unfit) dengan koefisien sisa p„,= 0.6827 melebihi koefisien lintas yang lainnya. Dengan pentingnya peubah rajangan kering ini maka penjualan daun segar yang dilakukan oleh petani tidak dianjurkan.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, tembakau Virginia, analisis lintas, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks tanaman, indeks mutu, kadar nikotin, bobot rajangan ABSTRACT Path analysis of agronomical characteristics on crops index and nicotine content of Virginia tobacco Bojonegoro The relationship between agronomical characteristics and crops index or leaf nicotine content has been studied by using path analysis. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the independent variables which most affected the dependent ones as crops index and leaf nicotine contain, so that it could reduce the number of independent variables. The agronomical characteristics consist of leaf number/plant, seventh and fiteenth leaf area, dried slice leaf/ha, grade index and crop index obtained from fetilizer experiment on three Virginia tobacco lines at Pekuwon Experimental Garden Bojonegoro, from May to October 2002. The results of this path analysis showed that crop index was strongly affected by dried slice leaf with path coeficient poi = 1.03367 and patial determination coefficient 102%. It was indicated that dried slice leaf was strongly affected by seventh leaf area with path coefficient p,n- 0.85257 and dried slice leaf strongly variable affected the crop index with path coeficient poi= 0.95639, while the grade index had little effect on crop index with path coefficient poi= 0.12316. The path analysis between leaf nicotine content and ive variables above was unfit with residual path coeficient pou= 0.6827, it was higher than each path coefficient of the orther variables. The dried slice leaf was the main independent variable affecting the crops index, so that selling of fresh tobacco leaves by farmers is not recomended.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, Virginia tobacco, path analysis, leaf number, leaf area, crop index, grade index, nicotine content, dried slice leaf
KERAGAAN PERBENIHAN JAHE DI JAWA BARAT MAHARANl HASANAH; . SUKARMAN; . SUPRIADI; M. JANUWATI; R. BALFAS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.118-125

Abstract

Untuk memperbaiki sistem perbenihan jahe telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap pctani maju di Jawa Barat yang secara tradisional mcnsuplai kebutuhan benih jahe untuk petani disekitarnya atau petani di daerah lain. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei di dua kabupaten, yaitu Majalengka (Kecamatan Banjaran dan Lemah Sugih) dan Kabupaten Sukabumi (Kecamatan Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegallega, dan Waning Kiara). Wawancara dilakukan secara langsung dengan petani maju meliputi kondisi lahan, cara budidaya, panen, dan penanganan benih. Contoh rimpang diambil secara acak dai hasil panen petani kemudian dianalisis kualitasnya meliputi: penampilan fisik, berat rimpang, kadar air, serat, dan pati, serta jenis OPT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada petani yang secara khusus menanam jahe untuk benih. Lahan pertanaman jahe bcrada pada kisaran kelinggian tempat (dpi) 400-800 m. Sumber benih berasal dari hasil panen tahun sebelumnya Cara penanganan benih ada yang dihampar di atas rak bambu atau di gelar di atas tanah di bawah kolong rumah. Sebelum ditanam, benih diperlakukan tcrlebih dahulu dengan fungisida atau bakterisida. Petani menanam jahe dengan sistem polikultur dengan tanaman lain seperti kacang tanah, jagung, pisang, bawang merah, dan bawang daun. Cara tanam ada yang menggunakan bedengan (umumnya di Majalengka), sedangkan di Sukabumi umumnya tidak menggunakan bedengan, jarak tanam bervariasi antara 20 x 30 cm di dalam baris dan 30-80 cm antar baris. Panen dilakukan setelah tanaman berumur 8-10 bulan Hasil analisis kandungan pati cukup tinggi 42.4 - 56.35%, serat 5.67 - 7.40%, dan kadar air 8.37- 9.80%. Jenis OPT yang paling banyak ditemukan pada contoh benih jahe Aspidiella hartii. Mimegralla, dan Meloidogyne spp., sedangkan Ralstonia solanacearum tidak ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk membentuk suatu sistem produksi benih jahe yang standar maka unsur yang sangat menentukan adalah umur panen harus cukup tua (9-10 bulan), bebas dari OPT, dan penanaman bisa secara polikultur dengan tanaman bukan inang.Kata kunci: Jahe, Zingiber officinale, perbenihan, benih, OPT, hama, penyakit ABSTRACT Performance of indigenous ginger seed systems in West JavaTo improve the system of ginger seed production, a study was conducted on developed ginger farmers in West Java who traditionally supplied ginger seeds to the farmers in the surrounding area or in other area. The research was conducted by survey method in two districts, Majalengka (Banjaran and Lemah Sugih sub districts) and Sukabumi (Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegalega and Warung Kiara). Direct dialogue to farmer was used to discuss about land condition, cultivation method, harversting and seed management. The rhizome/seed sample was taken by random from the farmers, then it was analyzed for quality, such physical quality, weight of rhizome, moisture content, fiber, carbohydrate and kinds of pest and deseases. The result of the research showed that there were no farmers who special cultivated ginger for seed. Ginger land area was located about 400-800 m above sea level (asl). Seed source was derived from the ginger seed of previous harvest. The ginger seeds were directly spread on bamboo rack or in the space under the house. Before planting, the seeds were treated with fungicide or bactcricide. The farmers, planted ginger by polyculiurc system with peanut, maize, banana, shallot, and green shallot. Generally, in Majalengka District, the farmers planted their ginger using seed bed method, while in Sukabumi the fanners planted of ginger without seed beds. Plant spacing was 20-40 cm in the row and 30-80 cm between rows. Harvest was done 8-10 months ater planting. Carbohydrate content was relatively high 42.4 - 56.35%, fiber 5.67-7.40% and moisture content 8.37- 9.80%. The majority of pest and disease found in ginger seed were Aspidiella hartii, Mimegralla and Meloidogyne, while the dangerous disease such as Rasllonia solanacearum was not found. Based on the result of research it could be recommended that to develop a standard ginger seed system the harvesting time is 9 to 10 months ater planting, seed are free from disease attack, and the ginger can be cropping system with non hostplant.Key words: Ginger, Zingiber officinale, seed system, seed, pest, disease
PENGARUH EKSTRAK SERBUK BIJI MIMBA TERHADAP KONSERVASI MUSUH ALAMI DAN POPULASI Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER PADA TANAMAN KAPAS DWI ADI SUNARTO; . NURINDAH; . SUJAK
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.89-95

Abstract

Musuh alami dalam konsep pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) merupakan kekuatan alami yang diharapkan dapat bekerja untuk mengen¬ dalikan serangga hama. Musuh alami akan mampu mengendalikan hama apabila sepcnuhnya mendapat kesempatan untuk bcrkembangbiak dan dukungan untuk berperan secara optimal sebagai faktor mortalitas biotik serangga hama. Untuk mendapatkan kesempatan tersebut, perlu didukung dengan tindakan konservasi. Penggunaan insektisida botani serbuk biji mimba (SBM) yang aman terhadap musuh alami diharapkan dapat mengkonservasi musuh alami. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh SBM terhadap musuh alami dan efektivitasnya dalam menekan populasi Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. pada tanaman kapas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP. Asembagus pada bulan Desember 1999 sampai dengan Mei 2000. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah (1) penyemprotan dengan insektisida botani serbuk biji mimba (SBM) konsentrasi 20 g/l air, (2) penyemprotan dengan insektisida sintetis betasifultrin (ISB) konsentrasi 1.5 ml/1 air. Masing- masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 8 kali. Ukuran petak untuk masing- masing perlakuan pada setiap ulangan 25 x 30 m. Penyemprotan SBM maupun IBS dilakukan secara bcrkala sebelum pengamatan populasi hama dan musuh alami mulai 41 hingga 86 hari setelah tanam (hst) dengan selang waktu 5 hari (10 kali penyemprotan). Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 5 hari, sejak tanaman berumur 40 hingga 100 hsl. Variabel yang diamati adalah populasi musuh alami (parasitoid dan predator), populasi ulat dan larva penggerek buah // armigera, kerusakan badan buah, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Insektisida botani SBM dapat mengkonservasi musuh alami terutama predator dan menekan populasi penggerek buah H. armigera pada tanaman kapas. Perbedaan penekanan populasi predator yang disebabkan oleh perlakuan ISB dibanding SBM rata-rata 25%. Parasitisasi telur dan larva H. armigera pada kedua perlakuan tidak berbeda dengan tingkat parasitisasi tertinggi mencapai 63% oleh parasitoid telur Trichogrammatoidea armigera dan 25% oleh parasitoid larva Eriborus argenteopilosus dan Carcelia illola. Efektivitas SBM dalam menekan populasi hama tidak berbeda dengan efektivitas ISB. Populasi larva //. armigera rata-rata 0.95 ekor pada perlakuan SBM dan 1.5 ekor pada perlakuan ISB per 10 tanaman. Tingkat kerusakan buah pada kedua perlakuan kurang dari 10% dengan produktivitas hasil kapas berbiji 1 921 kg/ha pada perlakuan SBM dan 1 838 kg/ha pada perlakuan ISB. Dengan demikian, maka SBM layak digunakan sebagai substitusi ISB.Katakunci: Gossypium hirsutum L, Azadirachla indica A. Jussieu, insektisida botani, konservasi musuh alami, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. ABSTRACT The effect of neem seed powder extract on natural enemy conservation and population of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on cottonIn IPM concept, natural enemies are expected to act as natural power in controlling the pests. They will eonlrol the pests when they are in an encouraging environment. Conservation is possible to build such environment. The use of botanical insecticide, extract of neem seed powder (NSP), which is relatively save for natural enemies could be expected for conservation. The objective of this research was to test the effects of NSP extract on Helicoverpa armigera and its natural enemies. The research was carried out at Asembagus Research Station from December 1999 to May 2000. The treatments applied were: NSP spray (NSP) versus betasifultrin chemical insecticide spray (BCI); designed in 8 replicates. The plot size was 25 m x 30 m. Both NSP and BCI were applied every 5 days since 41 days ater planting (dap) to 86 dap (10 sprays). Variables observed were the population of natural enemies (parasitoids and predators), H. armigera (eggs and larvae), damaged bolls and seed cotton production. The results showed that NSP did not have any adversary effects on parasitoids and predators on cotton, but it does on // armigera so that it could be functioned for natural enemy conservation Average suppression on predator population by BCI was higher 25% than thai of NSP. However, egg and larvae parasitism on BCI and NSP were not significantly different. The highest parasitism level was 63% and 25% by egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea armigera and larvae parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus and Carcelia illola, respectively. The effectiveness of BCI on H. armigera larvae was not significant with NSP. Larvae population was 0.95 larvae/10 plants and 1.5 larvae/10 plants on BCI and NSP, respectively. Fruit damage on both treatments was less than 10% and seed cotton productivity was 1 921 kg/ha and I 838 kg/ha on NSP and BCI, respectively. Therefore, NSP could be used as BCI substitution.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum L, Azadirachla indica A. Jussieu. botanical insecticides, natural enemy conservation, Helicoverpa armigera Hbn
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STARTER Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN LAMA FERMENTASI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN MUTU MINYAK KELAPA BARLINA, RINDENGAN; KAROUW, STEIVIE; PASANG, PATRIK M.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.106-111

Abstract

Untuk mendapatkan cara pengolahan minyak kelapa yang lebih eisien dalam menghasilkan rendemen dan mutu yang tinggi dan tahan simpan serta aman dikonsumsi telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh konsentrasi starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan lama fermentasi terhadap rendemen mutu minyak kelapa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain Manado dan Kebun Percobaan Mapanget sejak bulan Maret sampai Desember 2001. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap disusun secara faktorial, yaitu faktor A adalah konsentrasi starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae, terdiri dari 0%, 0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45% dan faktor B adalah lama fermentasi krim. terdiri dari 0 jam, 12 jam, dan 24 jam. Ulangan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rendemen minyak tertinggi 23.83% pada fermentasi krim selama 24 jam. Mutu minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan sebagai berikut kadar air 0.03 - 0.18%, asam lemak bebas 0.15 - 0.29%, warna bening dan bau harum/ normal, bilangan peroksida berkisar 0.20 - 0.40 meq/kg, mutu minyak kelapa tersebut memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-2902-1992.Kata kunci: Minyak kelapa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, konsentrasi, fermentasi. rendemen, mutu ABCTRACT Effect of concentration of stater Saccharomyces cerevisiae and duration of fermentation on the content and quality of coconut oilResearch on the effect of concentration of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the content and quality of coconut oil was conducted at the Laboratory of Indonesian Coconut and Palmae Research Institute (ICOPRI) and Mapanget Research Instalation from March to December 2001. The objective of the research was to find out the effective technique and processing of coconut oil. The research used a completely randomized design with 2 factors and 2 replications. Factor A was the concentration of starter Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 0%, 0.25%, 0.35%, 0.45% and factor B was duration of fermentation consist of 0 hour, 12 hours, and 24 hours. The results showed that the highest yield of coconut oil is 23.83% was obtained by fermented coconut cream for 24 hours. The coconut oil had good quality with moisture content about 0.03 to 0.18%, free fatty acid content about 0.15 to 0.29%, colorless, good smell and peroxide value about 0.20 - 0.40 mcq/kg, the quality of coconut oil fulfilled the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia/SNI 01-2902-1992).Key words: Coconut oil, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. concentration, fermentation, yield and quality
BIOEKOLOGI DAN PENGARUH SERANGAN Sanurus indecora TERHADAP KEHILANGAN HASIL JAMBU METE TRI L. MARDININGSIH; ANDI M. AMIR; I. M. TRISAWA; I.G. N.R. PURNAYASA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.112-117

Abstract

Jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor. Salah satu kendala dalam produksinya adalah serangan hama. Di Nusa Tcnggara Barat (NTB), Sanurus indecora telah menjadi isu utama dan dianggap sebagai salah satu hama yang scrius menyerang tanaman jambu mete. Untuk mengetahui bioekologi S. indecora dan pengaruh scrangannya terhadap kchilangan hasil jambu mete telah dilakukan penelitian di pertanaman jambu mete di Dusun Sambik Rindang, Desa Salut, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, NTB dan di laboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor dari April sampai Oktober 2003. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua kegiatan penelitian yaitu di lapang dan di laboratorium. Kegiatan di lapang adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh serangan S. indecora terhadap kchilangan hasil, ekobiologi, dan musuh alami, sedang kegiatan laboratorium ialah tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp. pada telur S. indecora. Penelitian pengaruh serangan S. indecora terhadap kehilangan hasil jambu mete dilakukan dengan perlakuan pucuk jambu mete yang dikurung dengan kurungan kasa dan yang tidak dikurung. Perlakuan yang dikurung ialah 25 pucuk jambu mete yang tidak terserang (tanpa) S. indecora yang telah mempunyai 5-12 bunga hermaprodit. Sebagai perlakuan yang tidak dikurung ialah 13 pucuk belum terserang S. indecora dan 12 pucuk jambu mete dengan kisaran bunga hermaprodit seperti tersebut di atas yang telah terserang S. indecora. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap perkembangan bunga mete, awal serangan pada pucuk dan berat gclondong. Untuk mengetahui sebaran 5. indecora dilakukan survei di tiga kapubaten di Propinsi NTB yaitu Lombok Barat, Lombok Timur dan Sumbawa dengan metode sampling. Penelitian biologi dilakukan terhadap 60 nimfa yang baru keluar secara individu dan diamati perkembangannya setiap hari. Penelitian untuk mengetahui musuh alami selain parasitoid telur, dilakukan pengamatan pada 10 pucuk jambu mete yang terserang 5. indecora. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap minggu. Tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp. dihitung dengan mengamati parasitoid yang keluar dari 100 kelompok telur S. indecora setiap hari. Hasil penelitian di Dusun Sambik Rindang, Desa Salut, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, NTB menunjukkan bahwa serangan S. indecora menyebabkan kehilangan hasil jambu mete sebesar 57.83%. Hasil survei di tiga kabupaten yaitu Lombok Barat, Lombok Timur dan Sumbawa menunjukkan bahwa S. indecora ditemukan di tiga kabupaten tersebut. Dengan demikian 5. indecora merupakan salah satu hama utama jambu mete. Dari penelitian biologi, lama stadia telur S. indecora ialah 5-9 hari. Stadia nimfa terdiri dari 6 instar, total masa nimfa adalah 42 - 49 hari dan lama masa imago (serangga dewasa) ialah 5 -6 hai. Selain Aphanomerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), beberapa musuh alami lainnya yang ditemukan di lapang yaitu laba-laba (Arachnida), kumbang Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Braconidae, Chaleididae (Hymenoptera), belalang sembah (Orthoptera: Mantidae) dan Bocha amphilhoa (Diptera: Syrphidae). Persentase telur terparasit sebesar 9.78%. Persentase telur menjadi nimfa 8.32% dan telur yang tidak menetas 81.90%.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, bioekologi, Anacardium occidentale L , Sanurus indecora, hama, musuh alami, kehilangan hasil ABSTRACTBioecology of Sanurus indecora and the effect of its infestation on the loss of cashew yieldCashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an export commodity. One of the constraints in cashew production is pest attack. In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), a latid, S. indecora had become a serious issue and was suspected as one of serious pests attacking cashew plant. Experiments to determine the bioecology of 5. indecora and the yield loss of cashew due to the insect infestation were carried out in Sambik Rindang, Salut Village. Kayangan, Lombok Barat District, West Nusa tenggara and in the laboratory of Entomology, die Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor from April to October 2003. Field activities were aimed to find out the effect of S. indecora infestation on yield loss of cashew, ecobiology, and natural enemies. Laboratory activity included parasitization stage of Aphanomerus sp. in 5. indicora. Study on the yield loss of cashew due to S. indecora was carried out by caging and uncaging shoots. Twenty two shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite lowers were caged 13 shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite lowers which imatially not attacked by S. indecora and 12 shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite flowers already attacked by S. indecora. Observations were done on the development of cashew lowers, initial attack on shoots and weight of seeds. To determine the distribution of 5. indecora. a survey was conducted in three districts in West Nusa Tenggara Province namely West Lombok, East Lombok and Sumbawa, using sampling methods. Biology experiment was conducted by caging 60 newly nymphs individually on cashew seedlings and its development was observed every day. To determine natural enemies beside egg parasitoid, observation was conducted on 10 shoots attacked by S. indecora. Parasitization of Aphanomerus sp. was counted by observing natural enemies emerged from 100 egg clusters of 5. indecora. Observation was carried out once a week. Results of the experiment in Sambik Rindang, Salut Village, Kayangan, Lombok Barat District, West Nusa Tenggara showed that the latid caused 57.83% yield loss of cashew. Results of survey in three districts namely West Lombok, East Lombok and Sumbawa, showed that S. indecora was found in those three districts. Therefore, It can be concluded that 5. indecora was a serious pest of cashew plant. The biology experiment showed the duration of its eggs was 5-9 days, nymphs was 42 - 49 days, and adults was 5-6 days. The nymph consisted of six instars. Beside Aphanomerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), the natural enemies found in the field were spiders (Arachnida), "lady beetle" (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Braco-nidae, Chaleididae (Hymenoptera), mantid (Orthoptera: Mantidae) and Bocha amphilhoa (Diptera: Syrphidae). The parasitization of Aphano-merus sp. was 9.78%. The eggs hatched to be nymphs were only 8.32% and the eggs did not hatch were 81.90%.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., bioecology. Sanurus indecora, pest, natural enemy, yield loss

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