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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018" : 6 Documents clear
THE EFFECT OF JAMU FORMULAS ON BODY WEIGHT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, AND ANTIBODY TITER IN CHICKEN / Pengaruh Jenis Jamu terhadap Bobot Badan, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Titer Antibodi Ayam Bagem BR Sembiring; Ening Wiedosari; Sujianto Sujianto
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.65-74

Abstract

Medicinal plants are useful to increase body immunity, body weight, appetite, and improve health both for human and animal. The research aimed to obtain functional drink formula for chicken, called jamu, made with spices and medicinal plants. These trials consisted of 3 activities; first, raw materials preparation include fermentation and extraction, second, functional drink formulation in form liquid and powder with pH and IC50 value as parameters, third, efficacy test of formulas that had the strongest antioxidant. The treatments were categorized as group I (chicken were fed with jamu, without vaccination), group II (fed with jamu for two weeks then vaccinated), group III (jamu feeding complemented by vaccination), group IV (control, only vaccination). The third activity was arranged in a randomized block design with 6 replications. Parameters observed were body weight increment and antibody titer. The fermentation time and formula composition showed no significant effect on pH until the third day (4.31 - 4.68), but they indicated significant effect on pH from the fourth day, declined until the seventh day (3.65-4.26). The type and compositions of the formula significantly affected IC50 value. The smallest of IC50 value of liquid and powder formulas were 7796.25 ppm and 244.57 ppm, respectively. The incremental body weight regarding liquid, powder, and control formulas were 365.55 g / week, 351.22 g / week, and 326.66 g / week, respectively. The highest antibody titer was at group III that had 4.50 (log 2), whereas control was 3.30 (log2). The combination feeding, jamu formula and vaccine, was able to increase body weight increment and antibody titer on chicken.Keywords: medicinal plants, functional drink, IC50, broilers, antibody titers AbstrakTanaman obat digunakan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, bobot badan, nafsu makan, mencegah penyakit, serta pemulihan kesehatan manusia dan hewan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan formula minuman fungsional untuk ayam berbasis tanaman rempah dan obat. Kegiatan meliputi 3 aktivitas (1) Penanganan bahan baku, fermentasi dan ekstraksi (2) Formulasi minuman fungsional (cair dan serbuk) dengan parameter pH dan nilai IC50. (3) Uji efikasi formula cair dan serbuk yang menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan terkuat. Perlakuan: kelompok I, ayam hanya diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok II, ayam diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu sebelum vaksinasi, kelompok III, ayam divaksin sebelum diberi formula jamu selama dua minggu, kelompok IV, ayam hanya divaksinasi. Kegiatan (3) menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 6 ulangan dan parameter pengamatan yaitu penambahan bobot badan dan titer antibodi. Waktu fermentasi dan komposisi formula tidak menunjukkan efek yang signifikan pada pH sampai hari ketiga (4,31-4,68), namun signifikan pada hari keempat ditandai dengan penurunan pH sampai hari ketujuh (3,65-4,26). Jenis dan komposisi formula secara signifikan mempengaruhi nilai IC50. Nilai IC50 terkecil dari formula cair adalah 7796,25 ppm dan serbuk 244,57 ppm. Kenaikan berat badan dengan formula jamu cair yaitu 365,55 g / minggu, serbuk 351,22 g / minggu dan kontrol 326,66 g / minggu. Titer antibodi tertinggi adalah 4,50 (log2) yang ditunjukkan oleh kelompok III, sedangkan kontrol 3,30 (log2). Minuman fungsional (jamu) ditambah dengan vaksinasi mampu meningkatkan pertambahan berat badan dan titer antibodi ayam.Kata kunci: Tanaman obat, minuman fungsional, IC50, ayam broiler, titer antibodi
UJI ADAPTASI ENAM KLON KARET DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT / The Adaptation Test of Six Rubber Clones in Tidal Swamps Sahuri Sahuri
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.56-64

Abstract

Ideal land for growing rubber tree has increasingly limited. Hence farmers and companies were looking for alternative planting of rubber tree in non-conventional areas such as the land of tidal swamps. The study was conducted at Bangun Harjo Village, Air Sugihan Regency, Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatera Province, Indonesia from 2005 to 2014. The study was aimed to test the adaptability of six rubber clones in tidal swamps. The design used was a Randomized Block Design with rubber clones as treatment and three replications. Clones planted were IRR 39, IRR 118, IRR 220, PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. In each treatment there were 40 rubber trees and 15 rubber trees as samples. The parameters observed were stem girth, bark thickness, and latex yield. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Duncan Multiple Ranges Test (DMRT) at 5% levels. The results showed that rubber trees in tidal swamps would be able to mature tapping at the age of 60 month after planting (5 years) as long as using the recommended treatment. The growth of stems of each clone at the age of 12-60 month after planting in tidal land have different growth response. However, at the age of 60 BST the highest significant girth growth was IRR 39 (48.66 cm) while the lowest was the BPM 24 (44.17 cm) clone. The average yield per tree per taping (g/t/t) from 1st to 3rd years the highest was IRR 220 (26.23 g/t/t) and the lowest was IRR 39 (15.85 g/t/t). IRR 220 is adapted to tidal swamps.Keyword: Adaptability, rubber clones, tidal swamps, growth  AbstrakLahan yang ideal untuk pertumbuhan tanaman karet semakin terbatas sehingga banyak petani dan perusahaan mencari lahan alternatif untuk pengembangan karet di daerah non-konvensional seperti lahan pasang surut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Bangun Harjo, Kecamatan Air Sugihan, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI), Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dari tahun 2005 sampai 2014. Lokasi penelitian merupakan lahan pasang surut tipe luapan C ketinggian 10-15 meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Penelitian bertujuan menguji daya adaptasi enam klon karet pada lahan pasang surut. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan klon sebagai perlakuan dan diulang tiga kali. Klon yang diuji adalah IRR 39, IRR 118, IRR 220, PB 260, RRIC 100, dan BPM 24. Dalam setiap perlakuan terdapat 40 tanaman dan 15 tanaman sebagai contoh. Parameter yang diamati adalah lilit batang, tebal kulit, dan hasil lateks. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, jika berbeda nyata diuji lanjut dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman karet pada lahan pasang surut dengan pemeliharaan sesuai anjuran mampu matang sadap pada umur 60 bulan setelah tanam (5 tahun). Pertumbuhan lilit batang masing-masing klon pada umur 12-60 bulan setelah tanam di lahan pasang surut memiliki respon pertumbuhan yang berbeda. Namun pada umur 60 bulan setelah tanam pertumbuhan lilit batang tertinggi adalah klon IRR 39 (48,66 cm) sedangkan yang terendah adalah klon BPM 24 (44,17 cm). Rata-rata hasil mulai TM1 sampai TM3 yang tertinggi adalah klon IRR 220 (26,23 g/ pohon/sadap) dan terendah adalah klon IRR 39 (15,85 g/pohon/sadap). Klon IRR 220 beradaptasi baik pada lahan pasang surut.Kata kunci: Adaptabilitas, hasil, klon karet, lahan pasang surut, pertumbuhan
POTENSI PAKAN DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INTEGRASI SAWIT-SAPI DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR / Feed Potency and Strategy of Palm-Cow Integration System Development in East Kalimantan Wulandari, Suci; Soetopo, Deciyanto
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.75-86

Abstract

The productivity and utilization of feed from oil palm plantation in East Kalimantan is still not optimal. One of the strategy to overcome this problem is through the implementation of palm-cow integration system, which providing organic fertilizer. The implementation of the system is still very limited. This study aims to estimate the potential of oil palm plantations in providing of livestock feed, to identify problems, and to develop strategies for implementing oil palm-cow integrated system. The research was conducted in Paser and North Paser Penajam district in East Kalimantan Province. Data collection was conducted in 2017. The forcasting used trend analysis, the problem mapping was done by rank analysis, and the strategy formulate by descriptive approach. Based on the estimation it is known that the area of Production Plant area tend to increase and shows the available feeding ability to support the development of palm-cow integration system. In 2019 it was estimated that debris of palm frouds was 384.8 thousand tons and 41,6 thousand tons of dried leaves. This number will continue to increase 2.1 times by 2028. Utilization product from palm oil estate is still faced with various obstacles. Financing becomes a major problem in the development of cow-palm integration. In addition, the problems encountered related to the availability of land, the loss risk of livestock, and changes the culture in farming system. Strategies need to be formulated related to regulation, support facilities, and technical assistance. In terms of providing facilities and assistance, it is necessary to provide communal livestock facilities as well as assistance in developing livestock business and utilization of oil palm plantation waste.Keywords: oil palm, integrated farming, cow, animal feed ABSTRAKProduktivitas dan pemanfaatan pakan yang berasal dari limbah kebun kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Timur belum optimal. Salah satu upaya mengatasinya dilakukan melalui penerapan sistem integrasi sawit-sapi, yang memungkinkan penyediaan pupuk organik dan pemanfaatan lahan secara optimal. Pada saat ini sistem integrasi sawit-sapi masih sangat terbatas dalam pengembangannya. Untuk mendukung program implementasi sistem integrasi sawit-sapi, kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan menduga potensi perkebunan sawit dalam penyediaan pakan ternak, mengindentifikasi permasalahan, dan menyusun strategi penerapan sistem integrasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Paser dan Kabupaten Paser Penajam Utara di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, pada tahun 2017. Analisis perkembangan luas areal dilakukan dengan analisis time series, pemetaan permasalahan dilakukan dengan analisis pemeringkatan, dan formulasi strategi dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas areal Tanaman Menghasilkan (TM) cenderung meningkat dan menggambarkan besarnya ketersediaan pakan untuk mendukung pengembangan sistem integrasi sawit-sapi. Dari luasan kelapa sawit pada tahun 2019 diperkirakan akan diperoleh limbah kebun berupa pelepah kering sebanyak 384,8 ribu ton dan daun kering sebanyak 41,6 ribu ton. Jumlah ini akan meningkat 2,1 kali lipat pada tahun 2028. Ketersediaan modal menjadi permasalahan utama dalam pengembangan sistem integrasi sawit-sapi, selain ketersediaan lahan, risiko kehilangan ternak, dan perubahan budaya usahatani. Strategi dan tindak lanjut penyelesaian permasalahan yang perlu disusun terutama adalah kebijakan pemerintah dalam bentuk regulasi, penyediaan fasilitas, dan pendampingan. Regulasi yang diperlukan meliputi regulasi untuk sistem pembiayaan pertanian dan sistem penanggulangan resiko. Dari sisi penyediaan fasilitas dan pendampingan, diperlukan penyediaan fasilitas peternakan komunal serta pendampingan pengembangan usaha peternakan dan pemanfaatan limbah perkebunan sawit.Kata kunci: kelapa sawit, usahatani terpadu, sapi, pakan ternak
POTENSI PRODUKSI NIRA DAN GULA TIGA AKSESI KELAPA GENJAH / Potential Sap and Coconut Sugar Production of Three Accession Dwarf Coconut Meity Aneke Tulalo; Sukmawati Mawardi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.87-92

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the potential of three Dwarf Coconut accessions in the production of sap and coconut sugar. The research was carried out in the Coconut germplasm collections of Indonesian Palm Crop Research Institute in Manado on August to November 2015 using the three Dwarf Coconut accession  ie Waingapu Red Dwarf (WRD), Sweet Green Dwarf (SGD) and Raja Brown Dwarf (RBD). Each accession consisting of six palms, and the  three tapped bunches from each palm were observed. Parameters observed were production of sap/bunches/day, length of tapping/bunches, length of bunches and bunches circumference, pH of sap, brix, and sugar yield. The results showed that coconut WRD, SGD and RBD can produce sap. Potential production of sap varied between accessions. The average production of sap /bunches /day of WRD (1006.57 ml) was higher than that in RBD (627.81 ml) and SGD (740.79 ml). The average length of taping/bunches was 22-23 days, pH 5.5-5,6 and sugar content (brix) 14,47-16,63%. The sap produced by the three coconut accessions can be processed into sugar. The yield of coconut sugar in the form of crystal sugar was 14.25-16.58%.Keywords: potential, Dwarf, coconut, sap, sugar AbstrakPenelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi tiga aksesi koleksi kelapa Genjah dalam produksi nira dan gula kelapa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun koleksi plasma nutfah Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma di Manado pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan November 2015 menggunakan tiga aksesi kelapa Genjah yaitu Genjah Merah Waingapu (GMW), Genjah Hijau Manis (GHM) dan Genjah Raja (GRA). Masing-masing aksesi diamati enam pohon dan setiap pohon diamati tiga tandan yang disadap. Parameter yang diamati yaitu produksi nira/tandan/hari, lama penyadapan/tandan, panjang tandan dan lingkar tandan yang disadap, pH nira, kadar gula (brix) dan rendemen gula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kelapa GHM, GMW dan GRA dapat memproduksi nira. Potensi produksi nira beragam antar aksesi. Rata-rata produksi nira/tandan/hari GMW (1006,57 ml) lebih tinggi dari pada GRA (627,81 ml) dan GHM (740,79 ml). Rata-rata lama penyadapan nira/tandan 22-23 hari, pH nira 5,5-5,6 dan kadar gula (brix) 14,47-16,63%. Nira yang dihasilkan tiga aksesi kelapa Genjah tersebut dapat diolah menjadi gula. Nilai rendemen gula kelapa dalam bentuk kristal/semut 14,25-16,58%.Kata kunci: potensi, kelapa, Genjah, nira, gula
PENGARUH PUPUK NPK TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU MADURA VARIETAS PRANCAK-95 / Effect of NPK Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Madura Tobacco var. Prancak-95 Roni Syaputra; Djajadi Djajadi
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.47-55

Abstract

Most of tobacco farmers in Madura cultivate tobacco var. Prancak-95, yet the response of the variety to NPK fertilizer had not been identified. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of NPK fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of madura tobacco var. Prancak-95. The study was conducted on silty loam soil at Lecen-lecen village, Pakong sub district, Pamekasan District, from April to December 2015. Tobacco was planted on early of June 2015 with double row spacing of (130+35)/2 cm x 40 cm. The treatments were arranged using Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The treatments were 9 combinations of three level of N fertilizer (40, 60, and 80 kg N/ha) and three level of K fertilizer (19, 60.5 and 102 kg K2O/ha), and farmer’s fertilizer package (40 kg N + 36 P + 25 kg K+ 5 tons manure per hectare) as a control treatments. The results showed that yield and quality of madura tobacco var. Prancak-95 was increased when the doses of N and K fertilizers were increased. NPK fertilizer with dosage of 60 kg N + 45 kg P2O5 + 102 kg K2O + 5 tons manure per hectare was enough to produce sliced dried leaf as much 1,168 kg/ha and crop index value of 110.1.Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum L., NPK fertilizers, madura tobacco AbstrakPenanaman tembakau Varietas Prancak-95 telah berkembang luas di Madura, tetapi responnya terhadap pemupukan NPK belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan dosis NPK terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan mutu tembakau madura varietas Prancak-95. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanah dengan tekstur lempung berdebu di Desa Lecen-lecen, Kecamatan Pakong, Kabupaten Pamekasan dari bulan April hingga Desember 2015. Tanam dilaksanakan pada awal Juni 2015 dengan jarak tanam ganda (130+35)/2 cm x 40 cm. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan terdiri dari 9 kombinasi paket pupuk dengan 3 tingkat dosis N : 40, 60, dan 80 kg N/ha dan 3 tingkat dosis K : 19, 60,5 dan 102 kg K2O/ha, dengan kontrol paket pemupukan petani. Separuh dosis N sesuai perlakuan diberikan pada tanaman berumur 7 HST, sedangkan sisanya diaplikasikan saat tanaman berumur 21 HST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi dan mutu tembakau madura varietas Prancak-95 meningkat bila dosis pupuk N dan K ditingkatkan. Dosis pupuk NPK untuk tembakau madura Prancak-95 adalah 60 kg N + 45 kg P2O5 + 102 kg K2O + 5 ton pupuk kandang per hektar. Paket pupuk tersebut dapat menghasilkan tembakau rajangan kering 1.168 kg/ha dengan nilai indeks tanaman 110,1.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum L., pupuk NPK, tembakau madura
INDUKSI MUTASI DENGAN KOLKISIN DAN SELEKSI IN VITRO TEBU TOLERAN KEKERINGAN MENGGUNAKAN POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL / Induced Mutation using Colchicine and In vitro Selection using Polyethylene glycol for Drought-Tolerant Sugarcane RR. Sri Hartati; Sri Suhesti; Rossa Yunita; Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 2 (2018): Desember, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n2.2018.93-104

Abstract

Creating of varieties can be done through mutation breeding at the cellular level, combined with in vitro selection. This research was conducted at the UPBUP from January until December 2017 to find out colchicine concentration and treatment duration which effectively produced tolerant mutant through in vitro drought selection using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The study consists of two stages. The first was mutation induction on sugarcane calli using colchicine, which was arranged factorially with a completely randomized environment design. The first factor was varieties (BL, PS 862, and PSJT 941), the second was colchicine concentration (0,01,0,0 and 0,05%), and the third was colchicine duration treatment (1 and 3 days). Observations were made on the percentage of callus survival. The second stage was in vitro selection of droughts using a PEG 6000, which was arranged factorially with a complete randomized design. The first factor was the concentration of colchicine (0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05%), the second was the colchicine duration treatment (1 and 3 days), and the third was PEG concentration (0, 10 and 20%). Selection was done for 4 weeks. Percentage of live callus, regenerated callus, number and height of shoots were observed as a selected criteria. Colchicine treatment in the 0.01 - 0.05% for 3 days on PS 862 and 0.01 - 0.03% for 3 days on PSJT 941 callus resulted mutant passing in vitro drought selection at 10% PEG concentration level. Mutant selection will be continued through in vivo. The optimum mutation treatment for BL has not been obtained.Keywords: chemical mutagen, colchicine, mutation, selection agent, PEG 6000 AbstrakPerakitan varietas tebu toleran kekeringan dapat dilakukan melalui pemuliaan mutasi pada tingkat sel, dikombinasikan dengan seleksi in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Unit Pengelola Benih Unggul Pertanian (UPBUP), Bogor, mulai Januari sampai Desember 2017 dengan tujuan mengetahui konsentrasi dan lama perlakuan mutagen kimia kolkisin, yang dapat menghasilkan mutan tebu yang lolos seleksi kekeringan secara in vitro menggunakan agen penyeleksi polyethylen glycol (PEG). Penelitian terdiri dari 2 tahap. Tahap pertama adalah induksi mutasi pada kalus tebu menggunakan mutagen kimia kolkisin. Penelitian disusun secara faktorial dengan rancangan lingkungan Acak Lengkap. Faktor pertama varietas tebu (BL, PS 862, dan PSJT 941), faktor kedua konsentrasi kolkisin (0, 0,01, 0,03, dan 0,05%), dan faktor ketiga lama perlakuan kolkisin (1 dan 3 hari). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase kalus hidup. Tahap kedua adalah seleksi kekeringan secara in vitro menggunakan PEG 6000. Penelitian disusun secara faktorial dengan rancangan Acak Lengkap. Faktor pertama konsentrasi kolkisin (0; 0,01; 0,03; dan 0,05%), faktor kedua lama perlakuan kolkisin (1 dan 3 hari), dan faktor ketiga konsentrasi PEG (0; 10; dan 20%). Seleksi dilakukan selama 4 minggu. Persentase kalus hidup, kalus yang berregerenerasi, jumlah dan tinggi tunas, diamati sebagai kriteria kalus mutan lolos seleksi. Perlakuan kolkisin pada kisaran konsentrasi 0,01 – 0,05% selama 3 hari pada kalus PS 862 dan 0,01 – 0,03% selama 3 hari pada PSJT 941 dapat menginduksi kalus mutan yang lolos seleksi kekeringan in vitro pada tingkat konsentrasi PEG 10%. Seleksi mutan akan dilanjutkan secara in vivo. Perlakuan mutasi yang optimum untuk BL belum diperoleh.Kata kunci: mutagen kimia, kolkisin, mutasi, agen penyeleksi, PEG 6000

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