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Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Published by Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya lahan Pertanian
ISSN : 14107244     EISSN : 27227723     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.19-29
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
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PENGARUH BIO-NANO SILIKA TERHADAP HASIL DAN EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN AIR KEDELAI HITAM DI LAHAN KERING MASAM Santi, Laksmita Prima; Goenadi, Didik Hadjar; Barus, Junita; Dariah, Ai
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.43-52

Abstract

Abstrak. Kebutuhan kedelai hitam nasional masih tergantung pada pasokan dari luar negeri dan terkendala oleh rendahnya produktivitas. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan lahan marginal secara optimal perlu didorong untuk budidaya kedelai hitam. Optimalisasi lahan kering masam dihadapkan pada faktor utama pembatas tanah antara lain kemasaman tanah tinggi, air tersedia terbatas, dan efisiensi penggunaan unsur hara rendah. Silika (Si) dalam bentuk yang siap diserap oleh tanaman (asam silikat) mampu meningkatkan toleransi tanaman terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan hara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi bio-nano silika di lahan kering yang bereaksi masam terhadap: (i) hasil kedelai hitam, dan (ii) efisiensi penggunaan air. Kegiatan lapang dilaksanakan di Jatitujuh, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2017 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Pupuk bio-nano silika diberikan dengan dosis 0, 2, 4, dan 6 L ha-1, sedang pupuk N, P, dan K tunggal diberikan setara dengan 0, 50, 75, dan 100% dosis rekomendasi. Plot kontrol berupa perlakuan standar petani (100% N, P, dan K + 2 ton ha-1 pupuk organik). Plot berukuran 100 m2 dari setiap perlakuan ditanami kedelai hitam varietas Detam-1. Pupuk bio-nano silika diekstraksi dari pasir kuarsa 325 mesh menggunakan larutan asam dan basa. Pupuk bio-nano silika mengandung kadar H4SiO4 > 5% dengan ukuran partikel 18 nm dan dalam aplikasinya diperkaya dengan mikroorganisme pelarut Si, yaitu Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, dan Aspergillus niger. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa hasil biji kedelai nyata tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 75% NPK + 2 L bio-nano silika ha-1. Aplikasi 4 L ha-1 bio-nano silika dapat menghemat dosis pupuk N, P, dan K sampai dengan 32%. Sementara aplikasi dengan dosis 6 L ha-1 bio-nano silika dapat meningkatkan hasil kedelai hitam var. Detam-1 sampai dengan 36,7% dan menekan kebutuhan air tanaman hingga 65%.Abstract. National black soybean demand is still dependent on import supply and limited by its low productivity. Therefore, the utilization of marginal land needs to be driven for development of black soybean cultivation. The main limiting factors of acid dry land soils are high soil acidity, limited water availability and low nutrients use efficiency. Silica (Si) in plant-available form (silicic acid) is able to improve plant drought tolerance and nutrient use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the application of bio-nano-silica in acid dry land to: (i) black soybean productivity, and (ii) the efficiency of water use. The research was conducted in Jatitujuh area, Majalengka, West Java, in July-October 2017, by using a randomized block design. Bio-nano silica was applied at 0, 2, 4, and 6 L ha-1, whereas single N, P, and K fertilizers were given at 0, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended rate in three replicates and on a 100 m2 plot size each, with control plot and farmer?s standard practice plot (100% N, P, and K + 2-ton ha-1 of organic matter). Bio-nano silica was prepared from a 325-mesh quartz sand using acid base solution extraction method and containing > 5% H4SiO4 with 18 nm particle size applied in combination with selected Si-solubilizing microorganism, i.e. Aeromonas punctata, Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, and Aspergillus niger. The results showed that the highest yield of soybean seed obtained in treatment 75% NPK + 2 L bio-nano silica ha-1. Application of 4 L ha-1 bio-nano silica saved of 32% N, P, and K fertilizer dosage. Furthermore, 6 L ha-1 bio-nano silica improved bean production of Detam-1 var up to 36.7% and reduced water consumption by 65%.
Karakteristik Tanah-tanah dari Bahan Induk Abu Volkan Muda di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah Suratman Suratman; Hikmatullah Hikmatullah; Andi Amran Sulaeman
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.1-12

Abstract

Abstrak: Tanah-tanah yang terbentuk dari abu volkan muda umumnya mempunyai sifat-sifat unik dan berpotensi tinggi untuk pertanian. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan perbedaan sifat-sifat fisik-kimia dan komposisi mineral tanah-tanah yang berasal dari bahan induk abu volkan muda di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Lima profil tanah abu volkan muda berasal dari lereng utara G. Tangkubanperahu (SL-325), lereng timur G. Ceremai (SA-44), lereng barat G. Jembangan (HK-603), dan lereng utara G. Slamet (TG-5 dan YP27) telah dipilih dan dideskripsi sifat-sifat morfologinya di lapangan, dan sebanyak 22 contoh telah dianalisis sifat-sifat fisik-kimia dan komposisi mineral pasirnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahan induk tanah dari G. Tangkubanperahu dan G. Jembangan bersifat intermedier, yang didominasi oleh plagioklas intermedier, amfibol dan piroksen serta gelas volkan. Bahan induk dari G. Ceremai dan G. Slamet bersifat lebih basis yang dicirikan selain oleh kandungan mineral-mineral tersebut juga terdapat mineral olivin. Cadangan mineral mudah lapuk masih cukup tinggi (41-84%). Tanah dari G. Tangkubanperahu bertekstur lempung berdebu, reaksi tanah masam, dan kejenuhan basa rendah. Tanah dari G. Jembangan bertekstur liat yang menunjukkan tanah lebih berkembang, reaksi tanah masam dan kejenuhan basa rendah. Sedangkan tanah dari G. Ceremai bertekstur lempung berpasir, reaksi tanah netral dan kejenuhan basa sangat tinggi. Tanah dari G. Slamet bertekstur lempung sampai lempung berliat, reaksi tanah agak masam dan kejenuhan basa sangat tinggi. Semua profil memenuhi persyaratan sifat andik [(BD <0,90 g cm-3, retensi P >85%, (Alo+0,5Feo) ekstraksi asam oksalat > 2,0%)], dan karenanya tanah tersebut diklasifikasikan sebagai Andisols pada tingkat Ordo menurut Soil Taxonomy.Abstract. The soils formed from volcanic ash have unique properties and high potential for agriculture use. The objective of the research was to study the differences between physical-chemical properties and mineral composition of volcanic ash soils in West Java and Central Java. Five volcanic ash soil profiles, from northern slope of G. Tangkubanperahu (SL-325), eastern slope of G. Ceremai (SA-44), western slope of G. Jembangan (HK-603), and northern slope of G. Slamet (TG-5 and YP27), have been selected and described their morphological properties in the field, and as many as 22 soil samples have been analyzed their physical and chemical properties and sand mineral composition. The results showed that the soil parent materials of G. Tangkubanperahu and G. Jembangan were intermediary, dominated by intermediary plagioclase, amphibole, pyroxene, and volcanic glasses. The soil parent materials of G. Ceremai and G. Slamet were more alkaline as characterized by those minerals and olivine content. The content of easily weathered minerals reserves were high (41-84%). The soil properties of G. Tangkubanperahu were silt loam texture, acid soil reaction, and low base saturation. The soil properties of G. Jembangan were clay texture, which showed the more developed soil, acid soil reaction, and low base saturation. Whereas the soil from G. Ceremai has a sandy loam texture, a neutral soil reaction, and a very high base saturation. The soil of G. Slamet is of loamy to clay loamy texture, slightly acid soil reaction, and very high base saturation. All of the soil profiles met the andic properties requirements [(BD <0.90 g cm-3, P retention >85%, and (Alo + 0.5 Feo) oxalic acid extraction >2.0%)], and therefore the soils were classified as Andisols at the Order level according to the Keys to Soil Taxonomy.
Penentuan Wilayah Kunci Keragaman Iklim Indonesia Menggunakan Indikator Global untuk Mendukung Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim Woro Estiningtyas; Erni Susanti; Haris Syahbuddin; Andi Amran Sulaiman
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.59-68

Abstract

Abstrak. Mengingat wilayah Indonesia memiliki keragaman iklim yang sangat tinggi, maka diperlukan suatu data dan informasi yang menyajikan wilayah kunci yang memiliki keeratan hubungan dengan indikator global. Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil analisis indikator global dengan anomali curah hujan di Indonesia pada setiap periode waktu 3 bulanan (DJF, MAM, JJA dan SON) serta pada lag 0 hingga lag 3 berdasarkan korelasi dan signifikansi pada taraf nyata (P<0,1) sebagai dasar penentuan wilayah kunci keragaman iklim Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, wilayah kunci pada periode DJF adalah Kalimantan bagian selatan serta Sulawesi bagian barat dan selatan. Pada MAM adalah Sumatera bagian barat, Jawa bagian utara, Banten bagian timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Bali bagian utara, Nusa Tenggara Timur bagian timur, Kalimantan Selatan bagian utara, Sulawesi Barat danSulawesi Selatan. Untuk periode JJA wilayah kuncinya adalah Sumatera bagian tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Selatan bagian utara danSulawesi bagian barat. Untuk periode SON wilayah kunci adalah Sumatera Barat, Bengkulu, Riau, Jawa Timur, Bali, Kalimantan Selatan dan Sulawesi Selatan, masing-masing dengan indikator global dan lag terpilih berdasarkan nilai korelasi dan signifikansinya.Abstract. Considering that Indonesia's territory has a very high climatic diversity, data and information are needed for serve areas that have a relationship with the global climatic indicators. This paper presents the results of the analysis of the global indicators with the rainfall anomaly in Indonesia at 3 monthly period (DJF, MAM, JJA and SON) as well as at lag 0 to lag 3 based on correlation and high significance (P<0.1). Key areas for DJF are southern part of Kalimantan, western and southern parts of Sulawesi. For MAM are western part of Sumatera, northern part of Java, eastern part of Banten, West Nusa Tenggara, northern part of Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, northern part of South Kalimantan, West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi. For JJA are central part of Sumatera, East Java, nortern part of South Kalimantan and western part of Sulawesi. For SON period the key areas are West Sumatra, Bengkulu, Riau, East Java, Bali, South Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. Each area has a global indicator and a selected lag based on the correlation value and its significance.
Soil Chemical-Physical Characteristic and Rice Biomass Production of Three Different Rice Farming Systems in Sragen District nFN Sukristiyonubowo; Rahmat A. P.; Damasus Riyanto
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.53-58

Abstract

Abstract. The farmers want to move from green revolution technology to other rice systems because the former is no longer sustainable.The aim of this study was to study soil chemical-physical characteristics and rice productions of three different rice farming systems. This study was carried out in Sambiredjo Sub District, Sragen Regency, arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications and as the treatments was an organic, semi organic and conventional rice system. One kilo gram composites soil samples of 0-20 cm in depth were collected from five random sampling points of every site and taken in March 2017, before soil preparation. Rice biomass productions namely rice grains, rice straw and rice residues were harvested in the end of June 2017.The results indicated that in organic field, the soil chemical-physical fertility was superior to that of in semi organic and conventional and semi organic system was better than conventional in terms of soil pH, organic C and total N, P and K total, soil bulk density, particle density, soil porosity and permeability. Similar finding was observed for rice biomass productions. The rice grains yields were 7.52±0.49, 6.40± 0.10 and 6.07±0.38, rice straw were 9.04±0.61, 8.67±0.58 and 6.87±0.72 and for rice residues were 4.82±0.48, 3.25±0.31 and 3.23±0.35 tons ha-1 season-1 for organic, semi organic and conventional systems, respectively. Compared to the conventional system, the organic increased about 23 %, 31% and 49 % for rice grains, rice straw and rice residues, respectively. Comparing conventional to semi organic, the improvement was 5 %, 26 % and 0.62 % for rice grains, rice straw and rice residues, respectively. This short term research concluded that organic rice farming was superior than both semi organic and conventional systems, but the long term effect need to be further evaluated.Abstrak. Sebagian petani ingin beralih ke budidaya padi organik karena teknologi green revolution yang mengandalkan masukan tinggi dipandang tidak lumintu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat fisik dan kimia tanah serta mengetahui hasil padi dari sistem organik, semi organik dan konvensional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Sambiredjo, Kabupaten Sragen dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang tiga kali, dengan perlakuan: budidaya padi organik, semi organik dan konvensional. Sebanyak satu kilo gram contoh tanah komposit dari ketiga sistem pada kedalaman 0-20 cm diambil dari lima titik secara acak, masing-masing sebelum pengolahan tanah pada bulan Maret 2017. Panen brangkasan padi, yang meliputi gabah, jerami dan sisa tanaman (akar dan potongan batang yang tertinggal) dilakukan pada akhir bulan Juni 2017. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa sifat kimia dan fisik tanah pada sistem organik lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan semi organik dan konvensional meliputi pH tanah, C organic, kandungan N, P dan K total, berat jenis, kepadatan partikel, porositas dan permeabilitas tanah. Selain itu, budidaya semi organik lebih baik dibandingkan dengan konvensional.Hasil gabah kering dari masing masing teknologi tersebut adalah 7,52±0,49; 6,40±0,10 dan 6,07±0,38, jerami sebesar 9,04±0,61, 8,67±0,58 dan 6,87±0,72 dan sisa tanaman seberat 4,82±0,48; 3,25±0,31 dan 3,23±0,35 ton ha-1musim-1pada budidaya padi organik, semi organik dan konvensional. Dibandingkan dengan budidaya konvensional, sistem organik meningkatkan gabah, jerami dan sisa tanaman berturut turut sebesar sebesar 23 %, 31 % dan 49 %. Apabila dibandingkan antara sistem konvensional dengan semi organik, juga terjadi peningkatan sebesar 5 %, 26 % dan 0.62 % untuk gabah, jerami dan sisa tanaman. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa budidaya padi organik lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan semi organik dan konvensional namun pengaruh jangka Panjang perlu dievaluasi lebih lanjut.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALGINAT HASIL RADIASI GAMMA PADA BAHAN PEMBAWA TEPUNG BERAS DAN TAPIOKA TERHADAP VIABILITAS HARZIANUM Nurrobifahmi, Nurrobifahmi; Sugoro, Irawan; Puspitasari, Tita
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.37-42

Abstract

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan alginat hasil radiasi gamma pada bahan pembawa tepung beras dan tapioka terhadap viabilitas T. harzianum. Perlakuan terdiri atas bahan pembawa T. harzianum berupa tepung beras dan tapioka yang ditambah alginat hasil sterilisasi radiasi gamma (25, 50, dan 75 kGy) dan autoklaf (sebagai pembanding) serta kontrol berupa alginat tidak disterilisasi. Inkubasi dilakukan selama 28 hari pada suhu ruang. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah pH dan viskositas pada sampel alginat hasil radiaisi dan autoklaf, sedangkan pada perlakuan dianalisis kadar N-Total, P-total, C-organik, serta viabilitas spora T. harzianum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa radiasi gamma mempengaruhi nilai pH dan viskositas alginat. Nilai pH dan viskositas mengalami penurunan yang sebanding dengan peningkatan dosis radiasi. Penambahan alginat yang diradiasi pada bahan pembawa tidak mempengaruhi kadar N-total, P-total, sebaliknya penambahan alginat yang diradiasi hanya berpengaruh pada C-organik. Spora T. harzianum yang disimpan di dalam media tepung beras dan tapioka yang dicampurkan dengan alginat yang diradiasi 25 kGy and 50 kGy memiliki viabilitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan autoklaf. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, penambahan alginat yang diradiasi pada bahan pembawa tepung beras dan tapioka berpotensi untuk menyimpan spora T. harzianum.Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gamma radiation alginate addition in rice and tapioca flour carrier materials on the viability of T. harzianum. The treatment consisted of T. harzianum carrier materials in the form of rice and tapioca flour which was added with alginate resulted from gamma radiation sterilization (25, 50, and 75 kGy) and autoclave (as comparison) and control alginate with no sterilization. Incubation was carried out for 28 days at room temperature. The parameters analyzed were pH and viscosity on the alginate samples resulted by radiation and autoclave, while for the treatments the total contents of N, P, and C-organic, as well as T. harzianum spore viability were analyzed. The results showed that gamma radiation affected the pH and viscosity of alginate. The pH and viscosity decreased with the increase of radiation intensity. The addition of radiated alginate to the carrier materials did not affect the total contents of N and P, but affected only C-organic content. T. harzianum spores stored in rice and tapioca flour media mixed with alginate which radiated in 25 kGy and 50 kGy had a better viability compared to the autoclaved ones. Based on the results obtained, the addition of radiation alginates to rice and tapioca flour materials has a good potential for T. harzianum storage.
Potensi dan Model Agroforestry untuk Rehabilitasi Lahan Terdegradasi di Kabupaten Berau, Paser dan Kutai Timur, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Neneng Leila Nurida; Anny Mulyani; Fitri Widiastuti; Fahmuddin Agus
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.13-26

Abstract

Abstrak: Luas lahan terdegradasi di Indonesia cenderung terus bertambah dan semakin memicu meningkatnya lahan-lahan terlantar yang tidak produktif. Sistem agroforestri diyakini dapat menjadikan lahan terlantar dan terdegradasi menjadi produktif dan dapat memulihkan sebagian dari kualitas lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji prospek rehabilitasi lahan terdegradasi dengan beberapa model agroforestri di Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Paser, dan Berau, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret 2016 sampai Agustus 2017. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan melalui desk work dan survei observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan petani. Pemilihan komoditas dilakukan berdasarkan komoditas unggulan kabupaten, kesesuaian lahan, dan preferensi petani dan diikuti dengan analisis finansial untuk membandingkan pola monokultur dengan pola agroforestri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan luas lahan terdegradasi selama periode 2000-2015 di ketiga kabupaten dari 1,54 juta ha menjadi sekitar 1,75 juta ha. Luas lahan terdegradasi yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan adalah sekitar 0,821 juta ha (47%) dari luas lahan terdegradasi di ketiga kabupaten, sisanya merupakan kawasan hutan, areal ijin konsesi, dan lahan yang tidak sesuai. Tren utama perubahan penggunaan lahan adalah untuk kelapa sawit dan lada monokultur. Keuntungan bersih terkini (NPV) untuk kedua sistem ini berturut-turut adalah sekitar Rp. 51 juta dan 87 juta ha-1 tahun-1. Model agroforestri berbasis gaharu-lada, berpotensi memberikan NPV sampai 6,9 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan sawit monokultur serta memberikan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sampai 49,3% dan benefit cost (B/C) ratio 8,54. Terlepas dari tingginya potensi keuntungan sistem agroforestri tersebut dibandingkan dengan sistem monokultur, sistem monokultur kelapa sawit tetap lebih menarik, kemungkinan karena kepastian pasar dan kepraktisan pengelolaan. Berbagai sistem, baik berupa monokultur ataupun sistem agroforestri, bila diterapkan pada lahan berlereng curam, perlu dilengkapi dengan penerapan konservasi tanah seperti peningkatan proporsi tanaman tahunan, sistem tanam searah kontur, dan penanaman cover crop di antara tegakan pohon.Abstract. The total area of degraded land in Indonesia is increasing and triggerring the increase of unproductive land. Agroforestri system is believed to be able to convert the idle degraded lands into productive ones and it can restore some of its environmental quality. This study aims to examine the prospects for rehabilitation of degraded lands with agroforestri systems in East Kutai, Paser and Berau districts, East Kalimantan Province. The study was conducted from March 2016 to August 2017. The research activities were conducted through desk work and field surveys and interviews with farmers. The selection of commodities is based on the district's pre-eminent commodities, land suitability, and farmer preferences and followed by financial analysis to compare monoculture with agroforestri systems. The results show that there was an increase in the area of degraded land during the period 2000-2015 in the three districts from 1.54 million ha to about 1.75 million ha. The potential area of degraded land available for future use is about 0.821 million ha; the remainder being forest areas, concession areas and unsuitable land. The main trends of land use change are for monoculture oil palm and pepper. The net present value (NPV) for those systems were around Rp. 51 million and 87 million ha-1 year-1, respectively. Agar wood-pepper based agroforestri, promised NPV of up to 6.9 times higher than oil palm monoculture, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of up to to 49.3% and benefit cost (B/C) ratio of 8.54. Apart from the relatively high potential profit of the agroforestri compared to monoculture system, monoculture oil palm systems remains more attractive, possibly due to market certainty and practicality of management. Various systems, whether monocultures or agroforestri, when practiced on steep slopes, need to be supplemented by implementation of soil conservation.
Keanekaragaman Mikrob Tanah Gambut di Bawah Hutan dan di Bawah Perkebunan Sawit di Provinsi Jambi Etty Pratiwi; Taruna D. Satwika; Fahmuddin Agus
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.69-78

Abstract

Abstrak. Drainase lahan gambut diperkirakan akan mempengaruhi populasi dan keanekaragaman hayati di tanah gambut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh drainase dan tutupan lahan gambut di Tanjung Jabung Timur, Provinsi Jambi terhadap populasi dan keanekaragaman mikroba tanah gambut. Sampel tanah gambut diambil dari tiga lokasi yang berbeda yaitu: (A) perkebunan sawit dengan kedalaman saluran drainase 50-70 cm, (B) perkebunan sawit dengan kedalaman saluran drainase 20-50 cm, dan (C) hutan gambut. Total populasi mikroba dihitung menggunakan metode Total Plate Count dan media selektif pertumbuhan bakteri, fungi, dan aktinomicetes. Mikroba yang memperlihatkan tampilan fisiologis yang berbeda masing-masing dihitung populasinya, lalu dilakukan identifikasi menggunakan Biolog Identification Kit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total populasi dengan keragaman mikroba tertinggi terdapat pada contoh tanah gambut yang telah didrainase pada kedalaman tanah 0-20 cm. Bakteri penambat nitrogen Azotobacter hanya terdeteksi pada tanah gambut lapisan tanah 0-20 cm di lokasi A. Mikroba pelarut P dengan total populasi 2,00 x 104 - 4,00 x 104 cfu g-1 terdapat di tiga lokasi, tetapi hanya ditemukan pada kedalaman 0-20 cm. Pada tanah gambut di lokasi A di kedalaman 0-20 cm dijumpai delapan jenis mikroba, yaitu: Azotobacter sp., Bacillus luciferensis, B. salarius, B. soli, Cupriavidus paucalus, Mycobacterium cubhense, Paenibacillus illinoisensis, dan P. wynnii. Sedangkan pada kedalaman 20-50 cm diperoleh spesies bakteri yang lebih sedikit, yakni Bacillus kribbensis, Bacillus panaciterrae, Chryseobacterium balustinum, dan Paenibacillus peoriae. Pada lokasi B, jenis mikroba yang dijumpai lebih sedikit dan didominasi oleh enam spesies bakteri (Bacillus salarius, B. soli, Cupriavidus paucalus, Nocardia jiangxiensis, Paenibacillus wynnii, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa), sedangkan di lokasi C didominasi oleh hanya lima spesies mikroba (Bacillus vallismortis, Nocardia jiangxiensi, Paenibacillus glycaniliticus, P. peoriae, dan Rhodococcus equi). Tampaknya drainase dan pemupukan pada lahan gambut di perkebunan sawit mendorong pertumbuhan mikroba.Abstract. Drainage of peat is expected to affect belowground biodiversity. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of drainage and peatlands cover in Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi Province on the soil microbial population and the soil microbial diversity. Peat soil samples were taken from three locations, namely (A) oil palm plantation with 50-70 cm drainage channel, (B) oil palm plantation with 20-50 cm drainage channel, and (C) logged-over forest. The total microbial population was calculated using the Total Plate Count method and the selective growth medium of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The population of microbes exhibiting different physiological features were counted and then identified using the Biolog Identification Kit. The results showed that the highest total microbial population and diversity were found in drained peat at 0-20 cm soil depth. Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Azotobacter, was found only in 0-20 cm layer of the A location. P-solubilizing microbes were found only in the 0-20 cm layer peat with the total population ranged from 2.00 x 104 to 4.00 x 104 cfu g-1 soil in the three sites. In the 0-20 cm peat layer of location A, we found eight kinds of bacteria, namely: Azotobacter sp., Bacillus luciferensis, B. salarius, B. soli, Cupriavidus paucalus, Mycobacterium cubhense, Paenibacillus illinoisensis, and P. wynnii. In peat of location B, the total population of microbes was fewer, consecutively dominated by six species of bacteria, namely Bacillus salarius, B. soli, Cupriavidus paucalus, Nocardia jiangxiensis, Paenibacillus wynnii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while in peat of location C was dominated by five species of bacteria (Bacillus vallismortis, Nocardia jiangxiensi, Paenibacillus glycaniliticus, P. peoriae, and Rhodococcus equi). It seems that drainage and fertilization in drained peatlands under oil palm plantations encouraged microbial growth.
Changes in soil quality under conservation agriculture practices in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Achmad Rachman
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 42, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v42n1.2018.27-36

Abstract

The main challenge for cultivating upland in semi arid environment as in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia is the limited availability of water resources and accelerated deterioration of soil quality.  This study evaluated changes in selected soil properties and soil quality 4 years after the implementation of conservation agriculture (CA) practices. The study was conducted at the CA demonstation plots in Gunung Malang Village, Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province.  The surface soil texture was loam with slope ranging from 5 to 10%.  Two CA Models and one farmer practice (LP) were compared.  Within each model three sampling positions were sampled: within the corn planted area (Position A), 0-10 cm from the edge of the corn planted area (Position B), and 10 – 20 cm from the edge of the corn planted area (Position C). Intact soil samples (76 by 40 mm) were taken from the three positions at two depths (100-mm increments) to determine soil physical properties and bulk samples from the surface soil (0 – 15 cm) to determine soil chemical properties in the laboratory. The CA Model had significantly (P < 0.01) lower bulk density (BD), and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and available P (Av P), while Position had significantly affect only BD. The lowest BD (0.87 ± 0.07 Mg m-3) and the highest SOC (1.51± 0.05%) and available pore water (AWC; 18.06 ± 0.76% vol) were found at Position A in CA with permanent pit (PIT). The highest soil quality index was found in Position A followed by Position B and the least was in C indicating that the crop rotation component in CA had relatively small effect on improving soil quality. These results suggested that there is a gradual improvement on soil quality after 4 years of the implementation of conservation agriculture and require longer time than 4 yr to achieve the best soil quality for this semi arid environment

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