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INDONESIA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Jurnal TANAH dan IKLIM memuat hasil-hasil penelitian bidang tanah dan iklim dari para peneliti baik dari dalam maupun dari luar Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Jurnal ini juga dapat memuat informasi singkat yang berisi tulisan mengenai teknik dan peralatan baru ataupun hasil sementara penelitian tanah dan iklim.
Articles 257 Documents
Microclimate Condition in the Natural Ventilated Greenhouse Vita Ayu Kusuma Dewi; Budi Indra Setiawan; Roh Santoso Budi Waspodo; Liyantono Liyantono
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 44, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v44n1.2020.31-36

Abstract

A Greenhouse has a different microclimate compared to the outside field. Climate parameters such as solar radiation and air temperature are important parameters that affect plant growth and productivity. This research aims to understand the relation of climate factors in the inside and outside Greenhouse, the effect of microclimate on evapotranspiration and to predict the amount og evapotranspiration inside the Greenhouse. Microclimate analysis was held in two stages, the firststage was from February 5 to March 21, 2018 and the second stage from March 19 to April 29, 2019 at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IPB University. Primary data was measured by the Decagon sensor. Solar radiation was collected using the Decagon PYR Pyranometer sensor and air temperature using the Decagon VP-4 sensor. Based on the result, the daily air temperature inside the Greenhouse was higher than that of the outside. The inside solar radiation was lower than that of outside the Greenhouse. The relative humidity fluctuated, and the air pressure was higher inside the Greenhouse. Evapotranspiration inside the Greenhouse was lower than outside and solar radiation was the most determining factor of evapotranspiration.
Rainfall Pattern Change and Its Impact on Length of Growing Period E. RUNTUNUWU; H. SYAHBUDDIN
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 26 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n26.2007.%p

Abstract

Information of global climate change impact on agriculture sector is needed for planning agricultural adaptation strategy. The objective of the study was to analyze the climate change in Indonesia, especially rainfall pattern change, and its impact on the length of growing period. The data used for analysis was collected during a period of 1879-2006 from Manonjaya station in Tasikmalaya District, West Java Province. The rainfall pattern was analyzed using Oldeman method, which is used to compute the length of growing period. Rainfall pattern was determined based on three types of rainfall characteristic, i.e., wet year, normal year, and dry year for each period of 1879-1910, 1911-1940, 1941-1970, and 1971-2006. The result of this research showed that the rainfall pattern had been changed over the past 128 years, with the following descriptions: on the wet year, the ‘A’ type of rainfall pattern has no changed, but the wet month has decreased about two months; on normal year, the rainfall pattern has changed from B1 to B2, and on dry year, it was from C2 to D3. The length of growing period was becoming shorter due to this changes. During wet year, three times  cropping has changed to twice a year. During normal year, especially for enduring of the second growth period, the irrigation technology was necessary due to expand of water storage. During the dry year, due to the impact of dry spell, once crop a year will not be possible. The study provides insight into a strategy to adapt agriculture to climate change and to gain benefit of its change for suitable agriculture practices.
Nitrogen Dynamic from Applied Rice Straw Compost in Flooded Soil Linca Anggria; T. Rustaman; A. Kasno
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 38, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v38n2.2014.89-94

Abstract

Abstract. Nitrogen is the main fertilizer to increase rice production. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency is affected by organic matter content in the soil. Understanding decomposition and nitrogen release of plant materials is important to better manage organic inputs. The objective of this research was to study the nitrogen dynamics on flooded soil with rice straw compost application. The experiment was carried out in green house of Indonesian Soil Research Institute (ISRI) on October 2010 to January 2011. Soil samples were taken from Ciruas, Banten. The analysis of ammonium and nitrate were conducted 14, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days after planting. The result showed that ammonium and nitrate in soil with straw compost applications were lower than that of chemical fertilizer application. After day 20, the concentration of ammonium in soil decreased to the same level for all treatments. The concentration of nitrate, after increase on day 40 decreased until the last obeservation (day 60). Nitrogen concentration in straw was higher under chemical fertilizer than that of straw compost application. In rice grain, N concentrations were not significantly different among the two treatments. Abstrak. Nitrogen adalah pupuk utama untuk meningkatkan produksi beras. Efisiensi penggunaan pupuk nitrogen dipengaruhi oleh kandungan bahan organik dalam tanah. Pemahaman mengenai dekomposisi material tanaman adalah sesuatu yang penting untuk lebih baik dalam mengelola penambahan bahan organik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari dinamika hara nitrogen pada tanah sawah dengan penambahan bahan organik (kompos jerami). Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca, Balai Penelitian Tanah pada bulan oktober 2010 sampai Januari 2011. Sampel tanah berasal dari Ciruas, Banten. Analisis amonium dan nitrat dilakukan pada hari ke-14, 20, 30, 40, 50, dan 60 setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa amonium dan nitrat dalam tanah dengan penambahan kompos jerami lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pupuk kimia. Umumnya setelah hari ke-20, konsentrasi amonium di dalam tanah menurun untuk semua tingkat perlakuan. Sedangkan konsentrasi nitrat, setelah meningkat pada hari ke-40 konsentrasi menurun hingga hari terakhir (hari ke-60). Konsentrasi nitrogen pada jerami menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk kimia lebih tinggi dibanding kompos jerami. Sedangkan konsentrasi N pada gabah padi tidak berbeda nyata.
Sustainability Analysis of Existing Agriculture on High Risk Erosion Area (Case Studies in Lembang, West Bandung District and in Dongko, Trenggalek District) RACHMI WIDIRIANI; SUPIANDI SABIHAM; S. HADI SUTJAHJO; IRSAL LAS
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 29 (2009): Juli 2009
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n29.2009.%p

Abstract

There are three main constraints for the upland agriculture development, namely (1) steep slopes that limit the suitable farm land, (2) soil erosion rate tends to be higher than the rate of soil losses and (3) high average annual rainfall. This research focused on sustainability analysis at high risk erosion area in Lembang sub district and Dongko sub district. The aim of this research was to analyze index and sustainability status of the border area, existing farming on high risk erosion. Multi Dimension Scalling-Rapid appraisal for farming (MDS-Rapfarm) technique was used for evaluating the sustainability of existing farming based on five sustainable indicators i.e. ecology, economy, social, local organization, and technology. Soil analysis and USLE method were used to predict erosion rate and soil fertility. The result of the MDS analysis showed that sustainable multi-dimension index (ecology, economy, social, local organization, technology) of Lembang sub district was 35,47; 38,15; 56,42; 34,49; 17,30;and Dongko sub district was 24,16; 47,13; 63,78; 64,78; 41,55 (on scale 0-100). The average of soil loss in Lembang was predicted 147,29 t ha-1 year-1 and in Dongko was 245,95 t ha-1 year-1 on average. Attributes being sensitive in increasing index and sustainability status were: source of organic matter, perennial proportion, farmer oriented on agriculture extension, social conflict intensity, annual rainfall, land solum, land conversion, and number of agriculture household.
Plot Scale Nitrogen Balance of Newly Developed Lowland Rice at Kleseleon Village Malaka District, Nusa Tenggara Timur nFN Sukristiyonubowo; Sugeng Widodo; Kusumo Nugroho
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 41, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v41n2.2017.115-122

Abstract

 Abstract. Study on plot scale nitrogen balance of newly developed lowland rice was conducted in Kleseleon village, Malaka District, Nusa Tenggara Timur in 2014. The soil was classified as ustifluvent with ustic moisture regime. Five treatments were tested including T0: farmers practices, T1: NPKat recommendation rate + Rice straw compost, T2: NPKat recommendation rate + Smart + Rice straw compost, T3: ¾ NPKat recommendation rate + Smart + Rice straw compost and T4: NPKat recommendation rate + Smart + Rice straw compost, in which N, P  and K were split two times. Nitrogen balance was computed according to the differences between nitrogen gains and losses. To quantify total nitrogen input, nitrogen content in urea, dosage of urea, rate of compost, nitrogen concentration in compost, irrigation water supply, and nitrogen concentrations in rain water were collected. Output parameters included rice grains yield, rice straw production, nitrogen concentrations in rice grains and rice straw. The results indicated that surplus nitrogen balances were taken place in all treatments including the farmer practices. Concerning the environmental, agronomical and economic point of views, the recommendation of urea fertilizer rate at least was about 100 kg ha-1 season-1 like done in the farmer practices plus the compost rate about 3000 kg ha-1 season-1. Urea should be available in the district level every planting season was the urea application rate multiplied by total low land area in Malaka district equal to 1.207 tons district -1 season -1.Abstrak. Percobaan neraca hara nitrogen pada skala petak pada sawah bukaan baru dilaksanakan di Dusun Kleseleon, Kabupaten Malaka, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur pada Tahun Anggaran 2014. Tanah yang digunakan termasuk golongan ustifluvent denga kelembaban tanah ustik. Lima teknologi yang menjanjikan diuji pada percobaan ini meliputi T0: Praktek Petani sebagai kontrol, T1: NPKpada dosis  rekomendasi + Kompos jerami, T2: NPKpada dosis  rekomendasi + Smart + Kompos jerami , T3: ¾ NPKpada dosis  rekomendasi rate + Smart + Kompost jerami dan T4: NPKpada dosis rekomendasi + Smart + Kompos jerami, dimana  N, P  dan K diberikan dua kali. Keseimbangan N dihitung berdasarkan berdasarkan selisih antara nitrogen yang masuk ke lahan sawah dengan nitrogen yang hilangdari lahan sawah . Untuk menghitung nitrogen yang masuk ke lahan sawah diperlukan kandungan N pada urea, dosis pupuk urea, kadar nitrogen dalam kompos,  takaran kompos, air irigasi dan kandungan nitrogen pada air irigasi dan air hujan. Sedangkan nitrogen yang hilang dari lahan sawah meliputi hasil gabah dan produksi jerami serta kadar nitrogen pada gabah dan jerami. Hasil penelitian menjukkan bahwa positif nitrogen balance pada semua perlakuan. Mengingat bahaya pencemaran lingkungan, keuntungan agronomik dan ekonomis yang didapat, pemberian Urea sebaiknya dikurangi dari  250 kg ha-1musim-1 menjadi 100 kg Urea kg ha-1musim-1 seperti pada praktek petani dengan memberi kompos jerami sebanyak 3000 kg ha-1musim-1. Dengan demikian urea yanbg harus tersedia di Kabupaten Malaka setiap musim tanam sebanyak dosis urea rekomendasi dikalikan dengan luas sawah di kabupaten Malaka sama dengan  1.207 ton kabupaten -1 musim-1.
Characteristics and Management of Acid Soils Derived from Volcanic Rocks for Extensification of Maize in Sukabumi, West Java DJADJA SUBARDJA
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 25 (2007): Juli 2007
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n25.2007.%p

Abstract

Acid soils derived from volcanic rocks on wet climate of upland agriculture in the centre of maize production areas in Sukabumi, West Java are characterized by acid to strongly acid soil reaction (pH<5.5), low to very low base saturation, low to medium cation exchange capacity of clay, and medium to high aluminum saturation which could be a toxic and influencingphosphate availability. Composition of sand fraction indicates that parent material of soils was an intermediated volcanic rock, dominated by intermediated plagioclass i.e. andesine and labradorite, and mafic minerals of ferromagnesian i.e. hyperstene, hornblende, while clay fraction is dominated by type of 1:1 (halloysite and kaolinite). Generally, soils are deep, brown to reddish brown, clayey textured, crumb to fine sub angular blocky structured, friable, well drained, and moderatelly wellpermeability. Soils have an isohyperthermic temperature regime and udic soil moisture regime. Soils are classified as Brown Latosol and Reddish Brown Latosol or equal to Humic Dystrudepts and Typic Hapludults. Typic Hapludults much more developed and weathered than Humic Dystrudepts, therefore it has low fertility. Physically, soils are good medium for development of maize roots. But chemically are not suited for maize growth especially on Typic Hapludults. Therefore, they need specific soil management to improve soil productivity by increasing input of fertilizers, liming and organic matter based on soil characteristics and crop needs.
Kemampuan Konsorsium Bacillus pada Pupuk Hayati dalam Memfiksasi N2, Melarutkan Fosfat dan Mensintesis Fitohormon Indole 3-Acetic-Acid Muhimatul Husna; Sugiyanta Sugiyanta; Etty Pratiwi
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 43, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v43n2.2019.117-125

Abstract

Abstrak. Bakteri Bacillus sp. non patogenik memiliki potensi sebagai pupuk hayati. Pupuk hayati di Indonesia sebagian besar terdiri atas konsorsium beberapa macam mikroba. Pupuk hayati yang diuji, “Pupuk X” terdiri atas 10 spesies bakteri Bacillus sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Pupuk X dalam melarutkan fosfat, memfiksasi N2 dan mensintesis fitohormon Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), serta mengujinya secara in planta pada bibit padi.  Kemampuan melarutkan fosfat diuji pada media Pikovskaya padat dengan mengamati munculnya zona bening di sekeliling koloni. Kemampuan memfiksasi N2 secara kualitatif dan kuantitif masing-masing diuji pada media NFB padat dan Acetylene Reduction Assay. Kemampuan sintesis IAA diukur secara kolorimetri pada λ 530 nm, sedangkan pengaruh pupuk hayati cair terhadap bibit tanaman padi diuji secara in planta menggunakan bibit padi varietas IPB3S. Sedikitnya terdapat enam spesies bakteri Bacillus pada pupuk hayati yang digunakan memperlihatkan morfologi koloni berbeda, dengan total populasi mencapai 7,6×1011 cfu ml-1 dan ukuran sel-sel Bacillus sp. bervariasi antara 2,39-3,01 µm. Pada pupuk hayati ini terdeteksi aktivitas nitrogenase sebesar 0,05685 µm ml-1 jam-1. Konsorsium Bacillus ini dapat melarutkan fosfat dari sumber Ca3(PO4)2 dengan indeks pelarut fosfat 2,6. Fosfat terlarut tersebut disebabkan karena produksi empat jenis asam organik oleh Bacillus sp., yaitu asam asetat, asam oksalat, asam laktat, dan asam malat dengan konsentrasi sekitar 0,01-1,02 mg l-1. Konsentrasi IAA pada pupuk hayati cair terdeteksi sebesar 3,0065 µg ml-1. Inokulasi Pupuk X pada bibit padi dapat meningkatkan jumlah akar lateral 42,8% yang berpotensi meningkatkan serapan hara dalam tanah.Abstract. Non-pathogenic Bacillus sp. has the potential as a biofertilizer. Biofertilizers in Indonesia mostly consist of a consortium of several kinds of microbes. Liquid biofertilizer, “Biofertilizer X” is a compound fertilizer consists of ten species of Bacillus sp. This research was aimed at evaluating the ability of the Bacillus consortium in Biofertilizer X to dissolve phosphate, fix N2 and synthesize Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) phytohormone, as well as its effect on rice seedling. The ability to dissolve phosphate was tested on solid Pikovskaya media by observing the appearance of a clear zone around the bacterial colony. The ability to fix N2 qualitatively and quantitatively was tested on solid NFB media and Acetylene Reduction Assay, respectively. The ability of IAA synthesis was measured by colorimetry at λ 530 nm, while the effect of liquid biofertilizers on rice seedlings was tested in planta using IPB3S variety rice seedling. There were at least six species of Bacillus in liquid biofertilizers showing different colony morphologies. The total population reached 7.6 × 1011 cfu ml-1 and the size of Bacillus sp. varied between 2.39-3.01 µm. Nitrogenase activity of this biofertilizer was detected at 0.05685 µm ml-1 h-1. This Bacillus consortium solubilized  phosphate from Ca3(PO4)2 source with solubilizing index of 2.6. This solubilization was attributable to the  the production of four types of organic acids by Bacillus sp., namely acetic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, and malic acid with concentrations of 0.01-1.02 mg mg l-1. IAA concentrations in this  biofertilizers were detected at 3.0065 µg ml-1. Inoculation of this biofertilizers increased the number of lateral roots of rice seedlings by 42.8% and these lateral roots have the potential to increase nutrient uptake in the soil.
The Effect of Soil Tillage, Intermittent Irrigation, and Fertilization on Productivity of Newly Open Rice Fields on Inceptisols and Ultisols from Muarabeliti and Tatakarya DEDI NURSYAMSI; L.R WIDYOWATI; DIAH SETYORINI; J. SRI ADININGSIH
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 18 (2000): Desember 2000
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n18.2000.%p

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil tillage, intermittent drainage, and fertilization on productivity of newly open rice fields of Inceptisols in Muarabeliti, South Sumatra and Ultisols in Tatakarya, Lampung. The experiment was carried out using split plot design with 3 replications. Two varieties of rice IR-42 and Ciliwung were used as plant indicators in Muarabeliti and Tatakarya, respectively. The main plots consist of combination of soil tillage and irrigation treatments: (1) no soil tillage/flooded continuously, (2) soil tillage/flooded continuously, (3) no soil tillage/intermittent drainage, and (4) soil tillage/intermittent drainage. The treatments on sub plot were : (1) no fertilization, (2) application of organic matter (rice straw) of 5,000 kg/ha, (3) application of K fertilizer (KCI) of 150 kg/ha, and (4) application of K fertilizer (KCI) of 150 kg/ha and dolomite of 50 kg/ha. The results showed that there were no significant effets of soil tillage treatment on soil chemical characteristics, nutrients uptake, plant growth, and dry straw and grain yield. However, in Ultisols of Tatakarya, dry straw and grain yields were better with soil tillage than no soil tillage treatment. Intermittent drainage treatment decreased soil exchangeable Ca and K in Inceptisols of Muarabeliti under soil tillage condition. While in Ultisols of Tatakarya, the treatment decreased soils exchangeable Ca, K and also Mg and base saturation under with and without no soil tillage treatments. The use of 5,000 kg/ha rice straw increased soil organic-C, exchangeable K, K-HCI, and cation exchange capacity; plant K uptake; and dry straw and grain yield in both soils. Application of K fertilizer of 150 kg/ha and its combination with dolomite of 50 kg/ha, each increased soil K-HCI, exchangeable K, and dry grain yield in  Inceptisols of Muarabeliti. While in Ultisols of Tatakarya each treatment increased the above parameters and dry straw yield .
Impact of Extreme Climate Events on Rice-Based Farming System : Case Study at Bandung District Elza SURMAINI; R. BOER
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) No 33 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v0n33.2011.%p

Abstract

Bandung District is found to be an area that is vulnerable to the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Whenever ENSO occurs, this district is always suffering from drought and flood leading to significant crop production lost. The vulnerable areas to flood and drought are Bojongsoang and Ciparay. The objectives of the study are : a) to identify problems related climate risks in rice-based farming system and the adaptation of mechanism to cope with climate extreme; b) to elucidate relationship of ENSO development with rainfall variability and effect of rainfall to flood and drought occurrences; and c) to evaluate economics loss due to climate extreme. Assessment of farming system at the study sites was conducted using Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) method. Farmer’s annual income were analyzed using frequency analysis of gross margin. The results showed that Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in Tropical Pacific has significantly affected on rainfall in Ciparay sub-District. The raise in SST anomaly is clearly a subject to delay the rainy season, to prolong the dry season period, and to decrease rainfall amount up to below normal, while the decreasing of SST anomaly resulting high intensity of rainfall in the rainy season and lower in the dry season. Whenever ENSO occurs, most farmers is always suffering from drought and flood leading to significant crop failure. Most farmers realized that climate has been changed and recently there is a trend uncertainly of rainfall pattern (proved by 84% of respondents). Nevertheless, they are still using traditional way to determine the beginning of planting season. Results showed that Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) have smaller value in floods and droughts than normal conditions. Annual net income analysis suggests that many farmers will have negative annual income either at first or second crops fail. Based on the interviews with local authorities and farmers, it is needed to increase awareness of decision maker, extension workers and farmers to climate extremes and to improve their capacity to manage climate risks.
Aplikasi Biochar dan Tithoganic dalam Peningkatan Produktivitas Kedelai (Glycine max L.) pada Typic Kanhapludults di Lampung Timur Wiwik Hartatik; Heri Wibowo; Jati Purwani
Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim (Indonesian Soil and Climate Journal) Vol 39, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jti.v39n1.2015.51-62

Abstract

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