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HAYATI Journal of Biosciences

hayati
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 19783019 EISSN : 20864094 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences (HAYATI J Biosci) publishes articles and short communication in tropical bioscience fields such as development, biotechnology, biodiversity and environmental issues. HAYATI J Biosci covers wide range of all life forms topics including virus, microbes, fungi, plants, animal and human. HAYATI J Biosci has been also indexed/registered in Crossref, DOAJ, CABI, EBSCO, Agricola and ProQuest.

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017" : 9 Documents clear

Biodiesel Production From Algae to Overcome the Energy Crisis Suliman Khan; Rabeea Siddique; Wasim Sajjad; Ghulam Nabi; Khizar Mian Hayat; Pengfei Duan; Lunguang Yao
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The use of energy sources has reached at the level that whole world is relying on it. Being the major source of energy, fuels are considered the most important. The fear of diminishing the available sources thirst towards biofuel production has increased during last decades. Considering the food problems, algae gain the most attention to be used as biofuel producers. The use of crop and food-producing plants will never be a best fit into the priorities for biofuel production as they will disturb the food needs. Different types of algae having the different production abilities. Normally algae have 20%–80% oil contents that could be converted into different types of fuels such as kerosene oil and biodiesel. The diesel production from algae is economical and easy. Different species such as tribonema, ulothrix and euglena have good potential for biodiesel production. Gene technology can be used to enhance the production of oil and biodiesel contents and stability of algae. By increasing the genetic expressions, we can find the ways to achieve the required biofuel amounts easily and continuously to overcome the fuels deficiency. The present review article focusses on the role of algae as a possible substitute for fossil fuel as an ideal biofuel reactant.

Genotype and Phenotype Characterization of Indonesian Phytophthora infestans Isolates Collected From Java and Outside Java Island Dwinita Wikan Utami; Dinar Ambarwati
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Phytophthora infestans, the cause of late blight disease, is a worldwide problem in potato and tomato production. To understand the biology and ecology of P. infestans and the mechanism of spatial and temporal factors for the variation in P. infestans, the population diversity is required to be fully characterized. The objective of this research is to characterize the diversity of P. infestans. Surveys and collection of P. infestans isolates were performed on many locations of potato's production center in Indonesia, as in Java (West Java, Central Java, and East Java) and outside of Java islands (Medan, Jambi, and Makassar). The collected isolates were then analyzed for their virulence diversity via plant disease bioassays on differential varieties and genotype diversity based on fragment analysis genotypes profile using the multiplexing 20 simple sequence repeat markers. The virulence characterization showed that the isolates group from Makassar, South Sulawesi, have the broad spectrum virulence pathotype to R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 differential plants. Simple sequence repeat genotype characterization showed that in general, the population structure of P. infestans grouping is accordance to the origin of the sampling locations. The diversity between populations is lower than diversity between isolates in one location population groups. The characters of P. infestans population showed that the population diversity of P. infestans more occurs on individual isolates in one location compared with the diversity between the population location sampling.

Physiological Basis for the Tolerance of Yeast Zygosaccharomyces bisporus to Salt Stress Akshya Sharma; Sukesh Chander Sharma
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Zygosaccharomyces bisporus is a moderately halotolerant yeast isolated from highly sugary and salty foods. We performed various evident biochemical and in vivo experiments as first of its kind to sketch out the possible overlay of salt tolerance mechanism in this model organism. The growth and survival curve analysis revealed that 1.0 M NaCl concentration (sublethal) enacts growth inhibitory effects with prompting immediate delay in cell division cycle; however, yeast cells adopted modified stress physiologically with further stretched stress spans which was accompanied by an upsurge in the level of cellular metabolites such as trehalose (reserve carbohydrate) and chiefly glycerol (polyols) as major compatible osmolytes, suggesting their role in defense mechanism against osmotic stress. To further elucidate the relation of osmotic stress cell physiology to salinity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl, and reduced glutathione content were measured in salt-stressed cells demonstrating positive correlation of reactive oxygen species generation in Z. bisporus with an elevated concentration of lipid and protein oxidation, thereby damaging cell membrane and eventually causing cell death. We assessed NaCl exposure sourcing increased intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration, by an electron transfer-based colorimetric cupric-reducing antioxidantcapacity assay justifying that cellular total antioxidant capacity which uses all the combined antioxidant activities present within vitamins, proteins, lipids, and glutathione reverses these deleterious stress effects. Henceforth, performance of Z. bisporus MTCC 4801 mounted because of stress regime seems to be multifactorial.

Methylmercury Biosorption Activity by Methylmercury-resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From West Sekotong, Indonesia Gasong, Beatrix T.; Abrian, Satriya; Setyabudi, Francis M.C. Sigit
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Methylmercury has been generally known as a toxic heavy metal for both human and environment. Bacterial-based bioremediation of heavy metal is suggested as an ecofriendly and low-cost bioremediation process. There was limited information regarding the role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as detoxification agent for methylmercury addressed for human body. West Sekotong, West Lombok, Indonesia, is one of the newly developed artisanal and small-scale gold mining site with high mercury contamination level. This present study was aimed to isolate the human origin methylmercury-resistant LAB and further evaluate their ability to absorb methylmercury. Methylmercury absorption assay was conducted in broth media. The remaining and absorbed methylmercury was measured using the gas chromatography flame ionization detector. A total of 56 methylmercury-resistant LAB isolates were isolated from 37 feces and 19 breast milk samples from 19 volunteers in West Sekotong. Of them, 10 isolates were further selected based on several basic probiotic characteristics and subjected to methylmercury removal assay. The selected isolates showed different methylmercury absorption ability ranged between 17.375 and 51.597 μg/g of wet mass of cell after incubated for 24 hours. Two isolates from feces showing the best removal activity were identified as Enterococcus durans and one isolates from breast milk as Enterococcus faecium based on the sequences of 16s rDNA.

Intravenous Versus Intraarterial Transplantation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells for Brain Ischemia in Rats Yetty Ramli; Ahmad Sulaiman Alwahdy; Mohammad Kurniawan; Berry Juliandi; Puspita Eka Wuyung; Yayi Dwina Bilianti Susanto
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Cerebral ischemia is among the most common type of stroke seen in patient. Regeneration of death neurons remains questionable. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell(cbMNC) is one of the treatment options for ischemia stroke through their various advantages; availability, pluripotency, and immaturity. One group of healthy rats and three groups (n = 6 per group) of male Wistar rats undergone permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were allowed to recover for 7 days before intraarterial and intravenous injection of 1 × 106 cells/kg of human cbMNC. Behavioral tests were performed before the MCAO, 1 week after MCAO, and at 3, 9, and 14 days after cbMNC injection. Brain infarct area and neurons in hippocampus were evaluated. Spontaneous activity was much significantly improved compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). Comparing the neuron cells in hippocampus, intraarterial and intravenous have more changes in neurons morphology. No effect of cbMNC implantation in decreasing infarct area. Safety of xenogenic was confirmed by this study when the dosage of 1 × 106 cells/kg was used and showed their beneficial effects.

Molt in Birds Inhabiting a Human-Dominated Habitat Yeni Aryati Mulyani; Fransisca Noni Tirtaningtyas; Nanang Khairul Hadi; Lina Kristina Dewi; Aronika Kaban
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Molt is one of the biological processes in the life of birds that requires high energy. Therefore, it usually occurs when food is abundant. However, molt and breeding overlap have been recorded in the tropics. There are very few studies on bird molting patterns in Indonesia. This study aimed at describing molt in birds that inhabit a human-dominated habitat in Bogor Agricultural University Campus in Bogor, West Java. Molt of primary feathers of adult birds were checked during bird monitoring using mist nets from August 2010 to December 2013. Occurrence of brood patch as indicator of breeding stage was also recorded. Molt data were obtained from 230 adult birds from 29 species. Molts occurred from February to December, with most birds having active molts in July and October. Breeding occurred in March, April, July, and October, with the peak of breeding occurring in March. Molt and breeding overlap were identified only in three species, i.e. Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Horsfield's Babbler (Malacocincla sepiarium), and Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker (Dicaeum trochileum). This study suggests that resources in the study site are available for conservation of bird community in human-dominated habitat. However, further research is needed to assess food availability and bird breeding success.

The Influence of Thidiazuron on Direct Somatic Embryo Formation from Various Types of Explant in Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume Orchid Windi Mose; Ari Indrianto; Aziz Purwantoro; Endang Semiarti
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Phalaenopsis amabilis is an important national flower of Indonesia as a parent for orchidbreeding, so that needs a good strategy to produce high number of plants. The objective of this research is to analyze the use of thidiazuron (TDZ) for producing high number of plantlets, through directly induction of somatic embryos (SEs) from various explants. The method was used 20 each of protocorms, leaves, stems and roots as explants. The explants were dissected transversely, then put on various culture media: New Phalaenopsis (NP) and NP + (1, 2, 3) mgL−1 TDZ. Cultures were maintained at 25°C with continous white light. The formation of SEs was observed every week for 8 weeks. The results showed that SEs formation increased inline with the addition of TDZ concentration to the NP medium, for both velocity and amount of SEs formation. In NP0, SEs were formed at (26.07 ± 0.73) days after inoculation of protocorm, whereas on NP + (1, 2, and 3 mgL−1) TDZ, SEs were formed at (17.85 ± 0.67) days, (15 ± 0.64) days, and (11 ± 0.64) days, respectively. All types of explants formed SEs on NP + TDZ (1–3 mgL−1), whereas only 14 of 20 protocorms produced SEs (70%), and 8 of 20 stems formed SEs (40%) in NP0. In roots, SEs was formed on NP + 2 mgL−1 TDZ and NP + 3 mgL−1 TDZ. For stems, the highest amount of SEs (28.25 ± 1.07) was reached on NP + 3 mgL−1 TDZ, followed by protocorm (23.30 ± 1.13) SEs and roots (8.25 ± 0.68) SEs. In contrast, in NP0, the amount of SEs was very low (1.25 ± 0.46) from stem and (1.50 ± 0.65) from protocorms, there was no evidence of SEs formation in the leaves and roots.

Salinity Alters the Polyisoprenoid Alcohol Content and Composition of Both Salt-Secreting and Non–Salt-Secreting Mangrove Seedlings Mohammad Basyuni; Hiroshi Sagami; Shigeyuki Baba; Lollie AP. Putri; Ridha Wati; Hirosuke Oku
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The effects of salinity on the polyisoprenoid alcohol content and composition of the salt-secreting mangrove species Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba and the non–salt-secreting species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovata were studied. The seedlings of mangroves were grown for 5 months under 0% and 3% salt concentrations. The occurrence, content, and distribution of four mangrove seedlings were analyzed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. The structural groups of the polyprenols and dolichols in the leaves and roots were classified into two types (I and II). In type I, dolichols predominated over polyprenols (more than 90%), whereas in type II, the occurrence of both polyprenols and dolichols was observed. Polyprenols were not detected in the leaves of A. marina and B. gymnorrhiza under 0% salt (control), but were detected in small amounts in K. obovata leaves; however, significant amounts were found in the 3% salinity group. This finding in A. marina, B. gymnorrhiza, and K. obovata leaves implies a change to the structural group: under 0% salt concentrations, the groups are classified as type I, but become type II under 3% salt concentrations. The occurrence of ficaprenol (C50–55) was found only in the leaves of the non–salt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovataunder 3% salinity and not in the salt-secreting species A. marina or S. alba. It is noteworthy that the polyisoprenoid type in the roots of the four species showed no change under salinity; the two salt-secreting species A. marina and S. alba contained type I under 0% and 3% salt concentrations. On the other hand, type II polyisoprenoids were identified in the non–salt-secreting species B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata under 0% and 3% salinity conditions. This finding suggested that polyisoprenoids play a protective role against salinity in the mangrove leaves of both salt-secreting and non–salt-secreting species.

Diversity and Abundance of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in a Freshwater Recirculating Aquaculture System Cherita Devi Khangembam; Jai Gopal Sharma; Rina Chakrabarti
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 24 No. 4 (2017): October 2017
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

The role of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea was evaluated using amoA gene in a freshwater recirculating system. Broken earthen pot pieces (BEP) were used as filter bed material. Five archaeal and four bacterial operational taxonomic units were retrieved from amoA genes. Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices were higher in archaeal amoAsequence compared with the bacteria. Subtype diversity ratio and subtype diversity variance were 0.522 and 0.008, respectively, for archaea and 0.403 and 0.015, respectively, for bacteria. In archaea, 50% amoA sequences showed 99%–100% similarity with the known sequences of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A of uncultured archaeon clones and thaumarchaeote. In bacteria, 84% sequences showed 99% similarity with amoAsequences of different uncultured bacterial clone and Nitrosomonadaceae. Absolute quantification showed that the abundance of archaea was 12-fold higher compared with bacteria. In this recirculating system, ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria played a major role; BEP supported the growth of these ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms.

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