Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
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<![CDATA[Political and Cultural Development in Albania Under Globalization Influences ]]>
<![CDATA[Dumi, Alba]]>;
<![CDATA[Rapushi, Bledar]]>;
<![CDATA[Kuka, Lidra]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The cultural development and Balkan universalism tries to arrive to an ideal of a borderless world of tolerance. Globalizationwill construct a unique culture identity that will represent the human gender. Another variant of this way of thinking is that Globalizationwill construct an environment in which culturally self-defining communities will coexist in an harmonious way. The Socio Evolutionism inBalkan countries approach of global transition (having Spencer, {Spencer ideas of globalization countries, year 2002} as its mainexponent and representative) occurred from mid nineteenth to mid twentieth century. During those times, socio evolutionism became theway in which human progress was normally conceptualized. Spencer ideas were not friendly with the concept of the State. This conceptis very wide when the Globalization is one impact that is now present for developing on Balkan areas. On matters of publicadministration, the Albania Government's strategy focused on addressing two inter-related sets of interventions: (a) strengthening publicfinancial management, including the management of both public expenditures and revenues; and (b) strengthening human resourcemanagement. The Albania Government worked with donors on the public financial management agenda by strengthening core publicfinancial management units (Ministry of Finance, Supreme Audit Institute, Procurement Directorate within the Office of the PrimeMinister) as well as the financial management units within each line agency (e.g., budget departments within line Ministries). On mattersrelating to public sector human resource management, the reform strategy envisaged addressing this issue in two major stages: civilservice reform and broader public sector human resource management reform. During the stage, the reforms aimed to create themanagerial and professional nucleus required to lead any serious efforts to improve the accountability and performance of publicinstitutions.]]>
<![CDATA[Globalization and Economic Welfare: The Presence of an Unfair Gap Between Skilled Workers ]]>
<![CDATA[Kondoh, Kenji]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[By focusing on the unfair gap between skilled workers of uniform quality, where unionized older workers are employedpermanently with higher wages, but younger workers fail to occupy permanent positions and are employed as uncertain temporary staffon lower wages, we investigate the effects of the two types of globalization caused by the increasing immigration of foreign unskilledworkers and trade liberalization. Under certain conditions, the immigration of unskilled workers might expand the income gap betweenthe two types of skilled workers, but it would have a positive effect on national welfare. Thus, with adequate income re-distributionpolicies by the government, immigration could be a welfare-improving policy. In contrast, although trade liberalization may reduce thewage gap between the two types of skilled workers, every worker may lose out, and the welfare-improving possibility of tradeliberalization may be relatively small. We also suggest that every worker may gain from an increase in the legal minimum wage.]]>
<![CDATA[Growth, FDI, Imports, and their Impact on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in GCC Countries: An Empirical Study ]]>
<![CDATA[Kari, Fatimah]]>;
<![CDATA[Saddam, Ahmed]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The Gulf Cooperation Council countries are among the top 25 countries in terms of their contribution to increasing the level ofcarbon dioxide emissions more than the average world. Furthermore, these countries emit from 45% to 50% of the total emissions ofArab countries, because of the significant role of extractive sectors, as major sources of income in these economies. This studyexamines the most important factors pertaining to the increasing carbon dioxide emissions in GCC countries over the period 1998-2008.In this paper, the research objective is to determine how much the FDI inflows, economic growth, and commodity imports influenced theincreasing level of emissions during the period of study, and which variable has most effect? For this purpose, an empirical model will beestimated in order to obtain the impact of the said variables of the six member countries – United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia,Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait. The model of carbon dioxide emissions as a function of FDI inflows, per capita GDP growth rate, andcommodity imports will be examined simultaneously within the panel data technique using ordinary least squares OLS.]]>
<![CDATA[Determinants of the Intention to Use Internet Banking ]]>
<![CDATA[Hacini, Ishaq]]>;
<![CDATA[Dahou, Khadra B.]]>;
<![CDATA[Bendiabdellah, Abdeslam]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[The rapid development of internet and electronic business has stimulated the banking sector towards offering its services online.This paper examines the determinants of the individual’s intention to use internet banking. While there has been considerableresearch on the technology acceptance model (TAM) that predicts whether individuals will accept to use information system, theresearch variables are developed based on an extended ( TAM ), by incorporating two additional variables “ perceived trust “ and “perceived self-efficacyâ€.The data was collected from 332 persons in Algeria through questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested usingmultiple linear regression to determine the effect of the variables on the intention to use internet banking. The results revealed that “perceived usefulness “, perceived ease to use “ and “ perceived trust “ have positive significant effect, while “ perceived self-efficacy “have no effect on the Algerians’ intention to use internet banking. They revealed also that “perceived trust†has more influence on theintention to use internet banking than the other variables. A number of recommendations]]>
<![CDATA[Logistic as a Factor to Improve the Integrated Transport and Environmentally Acceptable ]]>
<![CDATA[Vyshka, Eli]]>;
<![CDATA[Hajderi, Asllan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[The work presented takes in consideration the impact of policies (master) to the state in management of existing infrastructureand the combination of types of transport with the aim of making the environmentally friendly transportation with the climate andresources. The purpose of this document is to provide a summary of transport modeling methodology and results provided to traffic. Thetool used for this project was the city of Tirana, calibrated according to the base year 2007. The model was developed for conductingregional transportation analysis. Material argues that spatial distribution of social networking in combination with the establishment ofhousing choices will be a major factor in increasing the distinct travel miles. The conceptual framework for the day-to-day dynamics isbased on the rhythmic patterns for the need of accumulation and their satisfaction through activities and long-terms projects. Model,through cargo transport (number of vehicles is expected to grow about 9 times) of data on population (which is expected to grow by57%), economic development and travel behavior predicts the development of traffic conditions in the future (which yields 37%higher). These projections are a tool to be used by planners to identify types of transport investments that will be more effective inreducing congestion, improving travel times, as well as meeting the objectives of the Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP).]]>
<![CDATA[The Lawmaker Role on Concentrations Control: An Analysis of Albanian Market ]]>
<![CDATA[Moçka, Ervis]]>;
<![CDATA[Mehilli, Terida]]>;
<![CDATA[Demo, Ervin]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper' search aims to illustrate: the effectiveness of the legislature on market regulation with objective the economicefficiency' and the context within the “Authority of Competition" implements competition policy. The lawmaker role' on Concentrationscontrol is illustrated through both theoretical and empirical methods of economics and law.The economic analysis shows that, theAlbanian market is a market of small size and there is a risk of the concentration of the market since the demand is limited and operateonly a limited number of companies. We realized that in matters of concentrations with the old Regulation. 4068 of 1989, Albanian lawprovided for only the prohibition of a concentration that creates or strengthens a dominant position, but didn't provided for the abuse thatoccur by this position, as provided by European legislation. In addition, the same regulation didn't give to the Competition Authority thepossibility to take account of technical progress, as the Community Law. In 2008, the Albanian authority, review the provisions of Lawno. 9121 of 28 July 2003 "On Protection of Competition" in order to meet requirements to European competition law under the Europeanintegration process. At the end, the results of the paper, on the effective' market situation in Albania, will be exposed according toeconomic analysis of law.]]>
<![CDATA[Risk Management in Managerial Control of Local Self-Government Entities ]]>
<![CDATA[Lomott, Marietta Janowicz]]>;
<![CDATA[Åyskawa, Krzysztof]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[Local government is now one of the most important political institutions of modern states including Poland. It is confirmed byboth of the Worldwide Declaration of Local Self-Government and the European Charter of Local Self-Government. It sometimes is evenrecognized as the fourth power in the country, next to the three powers of Montesquieu's classification. Local government units (JST inPolish) carry out their activities in accordance with the regulations contained in the legislation. There are set of tasks and tools that couldbe used. It should be noted that purpose of any organization and business activity, including local government, is to achieve its taskaccomplished and to preserve the possibility of further operation. The achieving of goals may be affected by circumstances arising fromthe action of external forces (strategic risk) or binding with the specificity of local government units (operational risk). An essentialelement in the functioning of local governments has become a risk management. This area became part of the internal managementcontrol processes in Poland and it should be implemented in any unit. However, in many cases, risk management comes down to controlthe correctness of implementation a few procedures. In the end, it does not control the effects of adverse events that occur in thefunctioning of local government units actually. It becomes necessary to indicate the direction of constructing such a risk managementprocedures to make them similar to actions are taken in enterprises..]]>
<![CDATA[Assessment of European Work Councils By Turkish Trade Unions ]]>
<![CDATA[ErdoÄŸan, Ekrem]]>;
<![CDATA[Özdemir, Mustafa Ҫağlar]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Richtmann Publishing ]]>
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<![CDATA[This paper aims to present the assessment of the European Work Councils which provide workers with informing andcounselling right by Turkish trade unions. European Union membership process entails to comply with the legal acquis of the EU.Therefore, the effects of the European Work Councils Directive which provide workers with informing and counselling right on Turkishworkers have become an important subject. Turkish workers have the right of participating in decision-making process by trade unions,collective labour bargaining and some methods on work place level. However, the effectiveness of these methods is low as a result ofthe dominant position of the state, negative approach of employers and relative weakness of workers. Moreover, narrow-scopedindustrial relations system which is regulated in detail and the existence of informal economy reduce the effect of these methods.Reviewing labour relations and its legal background in the EU show us that there is a considerable difference according to Turkishindustrial relations. The most significant difference is the participation of all parties in decision making process related to the EUindustrial relations. It can be said that European Social Model (ESM) lie behind the participation culture and the Directives. During recentyears the European Social Model is associated with “increasing economic performance, advanced social protection and social dialogâ€(Hermans, 2005: 5). Right after European Single Market was created; there has been an increase in the number of multinationalcorporations and their interrelations. Multinational corporations consider revising their management structure at national level necessaryaccording to new developments at European Level (Marginson, 1997: 224-225). Therefore, the Council Directive 94/45/EC2 which isrelated to employee participation in decision making process was legislated in 1994 with the intention of maintaining economic relations;reduce competitive pressure between corporations and accordance in management methods. The Council Directive 94/45/EC wasrevised in May 2009 and new Directive 2009/38/EC is in effect. One of the negotiation titles between Turkey and the EU is social policyand employment. The Directive 2009/38/EC is among the subjects in negotiations. In this context, presenting assessments of TurkishTrade Unions on European Work Councils make contribute to the process and to determine reservations on the subject.]]>
<![CDATA[How Much Cultural Assumptıons Matter In “Corporate Reputatıon Dımensıons†of the Fırms: A Study from Turkısh Telecommunıcatıon Industry ]]>
<![CDATA[Kıyat, Banu Dayanç]]>;
<![CDATA[Çalışkan, Sezer Cihan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of cultural assumptions on corporate reputation perception of Turkishcitizens mainly in Turkish telecommunication industry. Today in the globalised markets, in which the life cycles of products becomesshorten and differentiation between products diminish, as a company to be preferred, the key of the success lies in intangible assests.“Reputation†is such an intangible and valuable asset which makes a company preferred by whole stakeholders and which creates acompetitive advantage for the companies. During the process of building of the reputation perception, cultural assumptions and values ofthe stakeholders are going to be influenced by national cultural values of the stakeholders (customers, suppliers, citizens, society,rivals..) Within the scope of this study impact of two cultural dimensions are tested namely: Individualism/ Collectivism and Masculinity/Feminity. According to study results, horizontal individualism and feminity are the dominant cultural assumption prevaling in Turkishtelecommunication sector in determining corporate reputation perception, whereas horizontal collectivist assumptions are the mostprevailing one in determining the sector free general perception of reputation quotient. The people who have horizontal collectivistcultural assumptions, give importance much more to the inner dynamics of the company (i.e, workplace environment, leadership andfinancial performance) in their perception of RQ (reputation quotient). This study’s theoretical contribution is the examination of effects ofcultural dimensions on corporate reputation perception of the companies in a comprehensive model; proposing new variables (affect ofcorporate reputation on employee attitudes and behaviors like organizational commitment, intention to turnover, job satisfaction,organizational citizenship behavior etc in terms of organizational behavior; and on customer satisfaction, brand loyalty and companyperformance as strategic management variables) in the model and filling this gap in the research.]]>
<![CDATA[Albania in the EU? Constitutional Implications of the Doctrine of Supremacy of EU Law ]]>
<![CDATA[Gjevori, Anduena]]>
<![CDATA[ Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 5 (2012): Special Issue ]]>
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<![CDATA[The doctrine of the supremacy of Community Law as developed by the ECJ has been at the heart of juridical and doctrinaldebates. One of the most acute issues for national courts in the European Union has been whether to accept EU law as the supreme lawof the land, giving it primacy even when conflicting with national constitutional provisions. The judicial approach regarding this principleeven in the new Member States from Central Eastern Europe has been varying. Therefore, we analyze the position of a potentialMember State such as Albania, the role of its Constitution and Constitutional Court, regarding the doctrine of supremacy of EU law asdeveloped by the ECJ. Many Albanian authors, according to the Kelsenian concept of the legal system as a pyramid, interpret Article116 of the Albanian Constitution as creating a hierarchy between the sources of the law, by placing the Constitution in the first place.However, the Albanian Constitution was drafted to facilitate the Euro-Atlantic integration of the country and includes specific articles forthe abovementioned integration. One of them - Article 122/3 relevant to the doctrine of supremacy of EU law - will be analysed tounderstand whether its language upholds the doctrine of supremacy of EU law. We will supplement such analysis with a general view ofthe constitutional provisions and Constitutional Court decisions, which address the problems of international law in the Albanian legalsystem. Such analysis is both important and timely since the pending ‘candidate status’ for Albania will both widen and deepen Albania’srelationship with the EU making the issue of the supremacy of EU law legally more pressing and socially and politically more pertinent.]]>
