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Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
Published by Universitas Nusa Cendana
ISSN : 20399340     EISSN : 20392117     DOI : 10.36941/mjss
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Materials Science & Nanotechnology
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Bangunan dan Konstruksi
Articles 1,077 Documents
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From the London Conference to the London Secret Pact: The Policy Followed by Italy Towards Albania Ibra, Dashnor
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is the analytical representation of the historical framework, political and diplomatic policy that hasaccompanied the Italian towards Albania during the years 1912-1915.The paper should be understood as an intention to give a fullinterpretation of a given historical period, the first in a particular context, the policy followed by Italy towards Albania.This will be achievedthrough an analysis that is intended to be deployed in an organic way of important documents and to better understand the broad policyframework of that time.The period from 1912-1915 coincides with the acquisition of independence of Albania and where Italy stood as abalance to the power of the Austro-Hungarian. During this period the Italian politics ranged between two poles, one side of the partitionof the Albanian territories and from the other side for its independence, but always with a higher interest rate, to influence or to protectthe small country of Albania.
A Double Doubt: Neurotic Self and Agency in an Era of Shifting Ideology in Cuba Russo, Concetta
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The clashing of Cuba and the capitalist world economy has heralded a new beginning in Cuba’s revolutionary historiography.This paper analyzes the psychotherapy as a way to reconceptualise subjectivity in this era of shifting ideology.My research has beencarried out in a Mental Health Community centre in La Habana (Cuba). Patients of this kind of Service are referred to as “neurotics”,people who, even though without a severe mental disorder, need psychological support because in a difficult moment of their lives. In asituation where the patient is disoriented about his/her perception of the "state of things", psychiatrists and psychologists may becomethe patient’s guide.Nevertheless, as the results of my ethnographic research suggest, psychiatrists and psychologists don’t use theirrole to shape the psychiatric care into a form of governmentality. Instead, they use the therapy, and the ironic speech sometimesincluded in it, also to highlight the social contradictions that bring citizens to a neurotic behaviour.
Folklore Research and its New Challenges: From the Ethnography to Netografy Gasouka, Maria; Arvanitidou, Zoi; Xanthippi, Foulidi; Evagelia, Raptou
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Folklorists use the ethnographic method enriching it with anthropological background information. Ethnography is a methodthat describes a culture and its “wisdom”. Ethnography is interested in the reasons of change of a specific culture and/or the ways ofbreaching and restoring the dominant cultural class and to understand the fragile and fluid processes of social control and the rules laiddown by the members (of the culture) in order to maintain their cultural characteristics. In recent years the Internet became a culturalenvironment without boundaries, which confirms the claim of Dundes and Pagter (1992) that the urban folklore allows the coexistence ofindividuality within the collective identity of each folk group. In online communities multipurpose virtual environments are developed(Economou, 2006) creating virtual locations (places) and developing social interactions and cooperation. In these environments,ethnographic research produces new terms such as netography, cyberethnography, cyber-nations, digital indigenes, digital settlers,digital immigrants, etc. Virtual communities and networks pose particular challenges and opportunities for ethnographic research, as theyrepresent a huge archive of human activity and unprecedented volatility (Jones, 1999, Lindlif and Shatzer, 1998). Virtual, field researchstudies, with increasing interest, a social world which is characterized both as global and digital, which was previously ignored byconventional ethnography (Hine, 2005). This makes the ethnography of digital life an important aspect of contemporary social research,as we will try to demonstrate with this paper.
The Nineteenth-Century Italian Political Migration to the Lusophone Calzavara, Dario; Cassino, Carmine
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Italy has been a country both of emigration and immigration. In a past historical period, the nineteenth century Risorgimento,which brought about the Italian Unification, our country experienced a varied migration flood towards Europe and Americas. Apart fromthe Great Migration Wave at the end of the century, throughout the previous decades there were a remarkable number of Italian peoplewho left the country for political reasons. That mass departure was often concealed by the home-leaving rhetoric. That migration wasalso bound for the Lusophone world, on the Continent and overseas, namely Portugal and Brazil. The former was the destination ofliberal exiles in the first half of the century, escaping from the repression by the Restoration governments; the latter became a refuge forrepublicans, anarchists and socialists persecuted by the new Italian monarchy in the last quarter of the century. That migration was not apassive one, but, on the contrary, it gave an active contribution to the political debate in the host countries, accompanying them intoModern Times. This essay tries to enhance both different and common features of those flows, which were, however, characterized by acertain causal link.
The Austria-Hungarian Ultimatum to Serbia of October 1913 Kocaqi, Elena
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The Austria-Hungarian sent an ultimatum to Serbia in October 1913. This ultimatum is the first that was send to Serbia. Thesecond was sent in July of 1914 that was the principal pretext of First World War. The ultimatum was sent to oblige Serbia to withdrawfrom Albanian territories that were decided in the Conference of Ambassadors in London that year. Serbia asked from the great powersto undertake a modification of the decision that were taken to make able to change the borders in its favour and in contrary with GreatPowers decisions kept his army in Albanian state. This was not accepted by Austria-Hungarian that was the main power that contributedin the foundation of Albanian state. Serbia was decided to do not withdraw and to ignore the decision of Great Powers and Austria-Hungarian was decided to oblige it to withdraw with all the means. The conflict had all the components of a European war. For this paperI have made mostly researches in the Austria-Hungarian archives.
Political and Constitutional Thought Sami Frashëri Sherifi, Elmaz
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Sami Frashëri is one of the most erudite Albanian minds of XIX century Albania. Born in Frasher, Permet on June 1st, 1850,Sami, an Ottoman citizen, stated "I am an Albanian," and in some of the articles in the newspaper "Sabah" (Morning gazette), rejectedthe thesis that Albanian Muslim were Turkish and Albanian Orthodoxy were to be treated as Greek. Through such terms he helped indifferentiating the terms Turkish and Muslim, and not to be recognized as synonyms. He was known as a reporter and editor, creator ofliterature and of scientific works, but I believe that his deep political opinion is recognized in his non-political works. Beginnings of thepolitical thought are given in his political drama of 1874, Besa yahud Ahde Vefa (Honoring the Promise), where loads of high emotionalartistic tools, "hide" political goals. "Besa" (Promise) is treated, not as the rate of a customary to justice, but as the value of theconstitution and faithful soul for the new "homeland." The vocabulary entitled "al-laam Kamus", can be considered a political commentaryon Albania and Albanians. The other vocabulary of Turkish normative linguistics "Kamus-i Turki", explains the words, Arnavud(Albanian), Arnavudça (Albanian) Arnavudluk (Albania). Sami defines the terms Arnavudluk as the nation or nationality, which isAlbanian and place (memleket) of Albania, which consists of four majorities. Political thought and constitutional dimension appears to"What Albania was, what is and what will become?" In this writing lies the thought of the establishment of political institutions designedaccording to principles of Montesquieu. The legislative body was called the General Council. The form of government was according toRepublican ideology, under the Head of State collegial, which he described as Strabonious, "Wise Men Council”, and an executivepower, with seven ministries. Judiciary was established in three divisions. The political, natural boundaries coincided with the fourvilayets. Albania was divided into 15 administrative units, which he called "plots", with 15 of their capitals and the capital of Albania,which would have been SKENDERBEGAS. Political project of Sami Frashëri was associated with a Draft Budget, the structure of stateadministration and their salaries, according to functions. Aim of Study: Enriching the political "Fund" of Albanian political elite, withpolitical thought and constitutional dimension of Sami Frasheri. Survey Methodology: Finding the political thought of Sami Frasherithrough his artistic, scientific and academic writings. Analysis of political project "Albania, what was, what is and what will become?” inorder to reveal the dimension of constitutional thought. Comparing between local and foreign authors and the narrative description ofdeductions, to prove the hypothesis.
The Right of Property in Albania and Approach to Legislation Section 1 Prot 1 to the ECHR Petanaj, Enkeleida
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The right of property is regarded as one of human rights, even an absolute right. It is certain that ownership is a legalinstitution around which revolve yet been developed and today a series of debates and political battles. Certain forces could playpolitically to the right of property making the vehicle thereby leading to victory. It is considered a fundamental right and beneficial on theone hand, and on the other as a borderline between different social strata, and social injustice. The right of property in various legalorders has had a different defense. In countries with a democratic regime, its defense is given a special importance because it isconsidered as the basic condition for creating and ensuring a better status in the personal economy of different subjects and then at thenational and international. But with all the legislative measures taken by the Albanian state, the legal status of property rights in Albanialeaves much to be desired. It is also used as the main argument of the parties during their political campaign to obtain political office. Inthis way the legislative measures taken by the Albanian national state was born the need for Albania to obtain commitments at theinternational level, subject to the objectives of our state to participate in the large European family. Albania has had time to provide alegal standard and it will need even more time and commitment to implement them this fact.
Albania and the Admission of the People's Republic of China to the OUN. Albanian Proposal to the UN in 1963 Nita, Etleva
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

In the framework of International Relations of the Cold War, after the break with the Soviet Union in 1961, the direction of theAlbanian foreign policy entered in a new stage, making a very pragmatic choice toward remote Communist China. The generous help ofthe PRC, by loans or grants, was a very suitable solution to survive for Peoples Republic of Albania. This help was paid back with theinvolvement and commitment of the Albanian diplomacy as a representative for the PRC in OUN. The Albanian diplomacy during 1960-1970, a period of a very good cooperation with China, was fully concentrated to a single goal–The admission of Peoples Republic ofChina in OUN. The debate on re-establishment of the legal rights of PRC on OUN, according to Albanian diplomacy, was itself a harshaccuse for the US policy against China. This diplomatic activity of the Albanian mission, leaded by official Tirana, coordinated withBeijing, started its activity with the proposal of 1963 to set in the daily agenda the issue of PRC admission in OUN, presented in the XVIIIsession of the General Assembly of OUN. But how would this proposal be expected and in what extend would it be influent in theAlbanian diplomatic mission up to 1971!
True New Agenda for South East Europe and EU Teqja, Eva
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explain, in a clear and concise way, how the EU’s enlargement policy is affecting westernBalkans countries. It aims to give an overview of how the EU strategy has grown since this idea is created. Where it stands today afterhaving undergone its most important round of enlargement and what the perspective of accepting new members in the future is. Theproposed paper examines how is proceeding EU with its next enlargement round in the conditions of so called “enlargement fatigue” thathas gripped the European Union, with the global financial and economic crisis drawing much attention away from the Balkans accessionissue. And in the other hand, as a result of this if inhabitants of the Western Balkans are becoming increasingly aware that enlargementis no longer fashionable in the EU. The paper discusses about the fact that EU member states should strongly reaffirm their Thessalonikicommitment, and so even further by giving their support to EU accession proposals for the western Balkans in the European Council.Furthermore it addresses the problem of the completion of the process in the region, the commitment of the EU in the front of theBalkans European future, the major challenges that have to affront both of them, the problems in the European home, and the duties ofWestern Balkans countries.Despite a number of unresolved issues in the region, one can see a new spirit of rapprochement and genuinecooperation in the Western Balkans enlargement is a strategic policy decision of the European Union. Elaborating the advancementmeasures to sustain the current rapprochement policy over the period ahead is a priority. The moment must be seized and the trendmust be translated into an irreversible process. This is where South-East Europe and the European Union could find a true new agenda.
Grounded Theory and Philosophy of Science Nardis, Evelina De
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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The aim of my contribution is to examine the relationship between Grounded Theory Methods and the epistemologyconcerning with the Philosophy of science. In a grounded theory approach the theory is strictly linked to practice because the elementsthat constitute the process of knowledge are not considered as things in themselves, but as discovered from the data along all stagesof research.The Grounded Theory methodology is described as having certain specific characteristics and procedures that separate thismethodologies from the others. This article set Glaserian grounded approach in a context where the methodologies are not orthodoxin the first place.

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