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Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
Published by Universitas Nusa Cendana
ISSN : 20399340     EISSN : 20392117     DOI : 10.36941/mjss
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Materials Science & Nanotechnology
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Bangunan dan Konstruksi
Articles 1,077 Documents
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Reality: Contingency or Neccesity? Simoni, Jak
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Are the natural, social and vital phenomena contingent random realities or universally destined? How do we orientate in thecourse of these phenomena and how can we modify them? How do we distinguish between necessary and contingent objects?I will tryto answer these questions basing on the reflections of some philosophers who have addressed these issues, especially to the polishphilosopher Jen Lukasiewicz, who strongly defends indeterminism by considering it as the metaphysic outcome of modal logic, and thefree human will to act. Since the beginning of the first experience, man found himself in a diverse world with objects and involved in itsphenomena. From the beginning he requires the objects that he will assimilate. The objects become vital and necessary from indifferentand contingent: assimilation, curiosity, joy and passion objects. Natural and social events arise in their natural state, and this simplicity isconsidered as necessity by the determinists. Acceptance of universal determinism means denial of free will to act, modify and transformthe world. This view is strongly criticized by the aforementioned philosopher Jan Lukasiewicz. According to him, these phenomenaactually arise in their natural state but man is putted in situations that he has to prefer or despise, to choose ore avoid. This choice oravoidance requires free will to act and analyzing skills. In this way one modifies even a little bit the course of events. One can notpassively wait for the worse or the best, but at the same time, claiming for radical change of course of events, mainly the social reality,can lead to serious consequences for themselves and for the society. These issues will be addressed in this article.
Peasant Movement for Land in the Prefecture of Elbasan (Albania) in the Early 20s - 30s of XX Century Gjevori, Florinka
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Article we present, aims to present an aspect of local history of Elbasan region or neighborhood, in the '20s-30s of thetwentieth century, peasant struggle for land, as one of the main directions of social conflict in this period, not only in the prefecture, butnationwide. This war not only aimed at resolving the land ownership right, but simultaneously improving the economic status ofpeasants, through easing the tax burden. To realize these goals in such a motion also included rural layers of Elbasan Prefecture, whosewar took more the character of an economic war, given the difficult situation that characterize this layer and poor rural schools, especiallythe remote areas and state fiscal policy seriously. Through archival sources, in this article we try to analyze the reasons that promptedsuch a move, the development of its format, the connection with labor movements and their consequences in this region and beyond.
Decentralization – Integration’s Challenge through Responsive Services Dedaj, Gjon
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

This research is about the decentralization of social service in Albanian post communism, diversifying responsibilities, andresources through democratic institutions for integrity and Social Piece. Surveillances, Consultations, Interviews investigates relationshipbetween decentralization-centralization, public pressure for identity and indicatives of social exigency, diversity and high standards, factsand expectations in the representation map – “governance hither civil”, welfare up growth, and protection of interested persons for fiscaltransfers of institutional budget. Politicize in social service conditions not coordinated and not consolidated evince the complexity of“decentralization- centralized oversight” irregularity and management of earning subsidy, effective public section, budget limitation forassured development. This studding brings the relationship of Decentralization with fineness governance, public orientation probable nonstability, short terms determines, long terms objectives, institutional partnered, planning agency without hierarchy, alternative ways thatwould be faced and tested according scientific criteria. The research includes the premise that decentralization favorites the marked ofpublic benefits, competition, denationalize, improvement of social politics against deepening polarization, hooking the elites, virtualduality of “rich – poor”. Conclusions include the fact that we have communities without the service of social employee, philosophers,sociologist, diplomats, and physiologists for admonition of civil that take decisions, ways of clamor, social strengthen, and initiative tomake departments, flexibility and adoption conform national distinctions and global reflections “in one system that protect us” developingsuccessful protective politics, e-learning contributes, licensee, euroatlantic standard dimensions.
Free Movement of Persons and the Impelementation of EU Viza Liberalization Agreement with Albania Hysi, Ledia
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The main focus of the analysis will be the migration policies within the EU, the free movement principles and restrictions thatmay be imposed to individuals by presenting an overview of the readmission policies in contemporary Europe and the effect that theybring to the field of migration, the international obligations of states and international acts to which they rely. a special attention in thispaper is paid to the analysis of the Albanian legal framework and its attitudes toward the phenomenon of migration and free movementof persons. States have the right and the duty to control migration. But in doing so they must keep reminding their citizens on why atleast some immigrants are needed and should be welcomed, and, true to Europe’s humane values, they must respect the fundamentalrights that belong to every human being, independently of their nationality, religious believe and socio-economic and culturalbackground. A specific focus in the paper will also be paid to the implementation of EU visa liberalization agreement with Albania, theissue of asylum seekers, as well as addressing the problems that serve as their motivation, aiming at the conclusion that being aEuropean citizen means being a member of a community based on full enjoyment of individual rights, as well as tolerance, mutualrespect and acceptance of diversity. It also means accepting certain obligations in respect of others, complying with the rules ofdemocracy and contributing to the development of a fair and cohesive society.
The War of National Liberation Army in the Karadak of Kumanovo in 2001 ( Republic of Macedonia) According to the British Press Iseni, Fati
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The war of 2001 in Macedonia drew the attention of all governments and diplomacies of the superpowers of the world andalso raised curiosity of many political and military analysts and researchers who wrote about Modern and Contemporary Balkanhistory. But it seems that the journalists from the powerful countries of the world in which global politics are created, show interest tofollow the tragic events in Macedonia during 2001, war between Macedonian Army and Police forces against National Liberation Army -NLA (of Albanians). U.S. and UK in particular and the European Union were generally engaged in Macedonia politically and militarythroughout the fighting. Also British journalists and media were seriously interested from both printed and electronic ones who did notdelay and arrived at the scene immediately after this "Oasis of Peace" was blurred. Reports and journalistic writings in the UKundoubtedly play an important role to inform both the public and the state leadership that they will build a political concept on events thattook place in this part of Europe, therefore we know that in democracies of these countries the "public opinion" plays an important role.These materials are collected from important daily newspapers such as : The Times; The Independent; The Guardian; The DailyTelegraph; The Finacial Times; The Mirror; The Evening Standard etc.
Albania in the Focus of World Press in Years 1970-1973 Man Directions on Assessment and Diplomatic Relations Sallata, Ilir; Lazimi, Mirela
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Albania's communist system coincides with the years 1944-1990.Albanian Communist Party victory of 1944 until the year1948 was oriented entirely toward Yugoslavia. It got away from the chauvinist policies of its malicious, closely related to the SovietUnion. To keep the "pure Marxist-Leninist line," PPSH broke with the Soviet Union in November 1961. The need for economicassistance and support in the field of foreign policy, the official Tirana looked forward China. The last one was considered as the mainally of our country, who supported the line of Marxism-Leninism. Although still early, a new wind of change was observed in theAlbanian-Chinese friendship. In early 1973 there is a deepening of the differences between the two allies. Relations with the SovietUnion continue to be tense and are slightly tempered by the socialist camp countries, friendly relations are Romania, Bulgaria, andHungary despite some ideological differences. We noticed the Balkan, a spirit of cooperation aiming easier and better neighborhood withYugoslavia and Greece. In this period, the communist government of West rejects demands for openness and collaboration by standingfirm in her line. Albania is not stopped short of linking diplomatic relations with several countries, mainly second-hand in the internationalarena.
The Dichotomies of the Myth of Europe Laying at the Foundation of our Social Consciousness Laçi, Irida
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to argue that if Europeans wish to become a real Union they should pay more attention to the ethicaland aesthetical values that are deep in the roots of our ancient continent, starting from the mythology. At the very heart of the myth -based story of Europe we find the dynamism of the transformation of our continent, full of beauty, charm, violence, regeneration andhybridization.The story of the „Myth of Europe“ should arouse in us the awareness that first and foremost the European race representsa social unity rather than a racial one. While talking about the “mythical Europe“, the dichotomies taken into account aim at stressing thefact that a single united Europe, within the today’s geopolitical reality, could be founded less on biological and natural factors and in ahigher degree on the living memory, the shared hopes and sufferings, as well as on the self-criticism towards excessive pride and mostof all on the memory of the common myths. Only by recuperating “the defiance of the common symbols” we could claim our belonging toa Community.
Working the Fields of Image: The Power of Pictures in a Chinese Village Radaelli, Isabella
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

The camera is a powerful tool for producing images: in a moment the pictures are fixed, immobile, eternal. They can depict aparticular moment in a particular place, from a single perspective, that of the photographer. But once printed, they can be transmittedfrom one person to another, producing different feelings, thoughts, dispositions, positive or negative reactions and the like amongst thesubjects involved. What if the person taking the pictures were to asks the subjects usually portrayed by the others’ gaze and lens tobecome their own recorders of their family environments? In this paper, I will present the social and ethnographical use of photographydrawing on my own experience in a small agricultural village in the Southwest of China, among a local matrilineal community, the Mosuopeople. I will try to trace the steps of an informal project I have conducted, asking them to portray by themselves their own family andenvironmental context, showing the difficulties they experienced handling a camera and the outcome achieved. I will also show how,during my fieldwork, having a camera and taking pictures helped me to make friends with the families of the village; and how thecirculation and sharing of the printed images produced different and dynamic interactions among the locals.
Short History of Kosovo’s Indipendence Sherifi, Isak
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

Kosovo on its path towards freedom and independence has passed a difficult and bloody history. One of the recent andserious problems that Kosovo was suffering was the Balkan crisis, otherwise known as crisis of former Yugoslavia after the fall of theBerlin Wall. In the geopolitics of the time and historiography Kosovo exploded as a hot point where multiple regional interests whereinterrelated but also wider in the European Union. For the fate of Kosovo many organizations, countries and important personalities wereinvolved. An important point concerns the advantages and disadvantages of the parties in Rambouillet conference on the role of holdingthis conference benefits and losses that the parties had in this conference and the benefits that brought Kosovo in building itsinstitutions.
International Norms and Albania after Communism System Koti, Isidor
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 No. 8 (2012): Special Issue
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

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Abstract

This article seeks to uncover the impact of the EU in the Albanian political transformations. Approaching the EU impact onAlbanian political reforms as a process of country’s socialization to the norms institutionalised in the European environment, this studydwells on both the external and domestic factors that determine the mechanisms of norm assertion in the domestic area. The first partspecifies the set of external conditions and the intervening domestic variables that induce a logic of consequentiality or appropriatenessin domestic change. The article proceeds to discuss the phenomena of European nannies to European neo-democracies. Finally, thestudy of the process of democratization in Albania illustrates the extreme case of a wider post-communist phenomenon: the Impact ofEU is translated into a consequential logic of using the democratic rhetoric and adopting democratic institutions, which are used andabused by political actors loaded with the legacies bequeathed to them by the ancient regime. This article suggests that Albaniandemocratisation could have a different trajectory without the presence of the EU pushing for and directing reforms. Messages in the formof the EU reports, evaluations and critiques, which determine the progress in the contractual relations between EU and Albania, havebecame the signposts of change to the extent that they are the epicentre around which achievements and future challenges are debatedand decided upon.

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