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Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
Published by Universitas Nusa Cendana
ISSN : 20399340     EISSN : 20392117     DOI : 10.36941/mjss
Core Subject : Economy, Science, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Materials Science & Nanotechnology
The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of non-renewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm²with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Bangunan dan Konstruksi
Articles 1,077 Documents
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Textile Innovations Delivery of Extension Services Programme for Rural Economic Empowerment and Development in Nigeria K.O. , Ajila
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0026

Abstract

The study assessed textile innovations delivery of extension services programme in Nigeria, with a view to establishing its proficiency for rural economic empowerment and development.  Explicitly, it examined the project techno-dynamics factor; analysed its economic costume and visibility variables.  For this study 10 states and 40 blocks were purposively selected and 320 groups of villages within the selected blocks were visited. Stratified and simple random sampling procedure was used in selecting 15% of respondents from each group of villages, making 3,251 across the nation.   While structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used in collecting quantitative data, individual interview schedule and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were applied in eliciting qualitative information from respondents.  Data collected was summarized with the use of descriptive statistics viz; percentages, means and, frequency counts. Factor analysis was applied in isolating critical factors having relationship with proefficiency. The study isolated three important factors that were crucial to proficiency.  These were textile innovations socio- technical (25.09%), accessibility (23.74%) and socio-economic (20.25%). It was concluded that the introduced textile innovations was proficient for rural economic empowerment and development. For proficiency, the finding suggests that inputs must be made available at the various extension centers, and on-farm textile producers must have direct access to market board without interference of product-coordinators.   Received: 14 May 2021 / Accepted: 28 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Critical Emancipatory Research Approach to Enhance Performance Among Progressed Learners in Life Sciences Xolisile, Ndaba; Bekithemba, Dube
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0027

Abstract

In this theoretical paper, we discuss critical emancipatory research (CER) as an approach to enhance performance among progressed learners in life sciences. Most of the progressed learners perform poorly in life science igniting the need to find alternatives to enhance the performance. We have earthed this paper in CER based on the values such emancipation, transformation and social justice which are pertinent to reinvent better performance in life science. To collect data, we used participatory action research ad used thematic approach to make meaning of the data.  The finding of the paper is that progressed learners face various vulnerabilities, which impede their performance, necessitated a need to rethink approached used for teaching and learning. The main argument of the article is that CER has the impetus to change the progressed learners’ attitude, enhances effective communication and collaboration between the progressed learners, parents, teachers and the DBE to improve the academic performance of progressed learners in life sciences.   Received: 30 March 2021 / Accepted: 25 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Splitting Apart: How the Soviet-Albanian Relations Came to an End Pilaca, Geri; Nako, Alban
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0028

Abstract

Albania was the only Eastern European country to exit from the Warsaw Pact and consequently become diplomatically isolated by its member states by late 1961. Such an event was the result of the continuous accusations exchanged between the Albanian and the Soviet Leaders, primarily between Enver Hoxha and Nikita Khrushchev. In the midst of the turbulent Soviet-Albanian relations, China offered its alliance to Albania which only worsened the situation. This study aims to illustrate how the curve of the Albanian-Soviet partnership changed over time, starting from the Stalin era and finishing with the Khrushchev era. More precisely, this study explains how Khrushchev’s decision-making concerning other countries, especially Yugoslavia, pushed the Albanian leaders into changing attitude towards the Soviet Union and make alliances with Mao Zedong.   Received: 4 May 2021 / Accepted: 21 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
The Historical Thar Desert of India Choudhary , Manisha
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0029

Abstract

Desert was a ‘no-go area’ and the interactions with it were only to curb and contain the rebelling forces. This article is an attempt to understand the contours and history of Thar Desert of Rajasthan and to explore the features that have kept the various desert states (Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner etc.) and their populace sustaining in this region throughout the ages, even when this region had scarce water resources and intense desert with huge and extensive dunes. Through political control the dynasts kept the social organisation intact which ensured regular incomes for their respective dynasties. Through the participation of various social actors this dry and hot desert evolved as a massive trade emporium. The intense trade activities of Thar Desert kept the imperial centres intact in this agriculturally devoid zone. In the harsh environmental conditions, limited means, resources and the objects, the settlers of this desert were able to create a huge economy that sustained effectively. The economy build by them not only allowed the foundation and formation of the states, it also ensured their continuation and expansion over the centuries. The continuity of the Rajput states in the Thar Desert is sufficient indicators of the fact that this desert was nourishing all of them efficiently.   Received: 14 May 2021 / Accepted: 28 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Economic Growth and Household Expenditure Nexus: A Focus on Education and Health in South Africa Mpundu, Mubanga; Mpundu, Mubanga; Diko, Nolutho
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0030

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic which was first recorded from China and spread globally in 2020 caused a massive response from many countries with most opting for national lockdowns. The move prohibited the movement of people across boarders so as to control and limit the spread of the virus. In developing countries, the move contributed to ill performing economies even before the pandemic was rampant. The study focused on analysing time series data with a focus on the effects of changes in final consumer consumption on health and education on gross domestic product per capita. A Vector Error Correction Model was used as a suitable displaying technique when the factors were found to be cointegrated. Numerous economic variables showed persistent upward or descending movement which could be created by stochastic patterns in incorporated variables. Results showed the error correction coefficient was statistically significant showing the speed at which GDP per capita returned to equilibrium because of changes in the independent variables. What was interesting from the results was the fact that final consumption expenditures on health and education where not negatively affected by shocks in the economy prior and during COVID-19. Consumers where still spending on the health and education as they are considered vital for the development and wellbeing of households even with reduced foreign direct investment observed.  Investment into high return projects both in health and education should be funded more as they in turn tend to have a positive impact on production.   Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
The Shifting Structure of the Maltese Economy: Evidence from Chain-Linked Data Darmanin, Jude; Montebello, Roberta; Deguara, Warren
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0031

Abstract

The economy of the Maltese islands has undergone significant structural change and diversification since the turn of the century. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of sectoral developments in output, employment, unit labour costs, and prices in Malta during the two decades to 2020. Analysis is conducted using the newly-available chain-linked sectoral national accounts data, which is a departure from previous studies. Furthermore, we complement our findings with a comparative analysis of structural developments in Malta and in the euro area. The results show that the Maltese economy underwent a significant shift towards the services sector between 2000 and 2020. Sectors such as finance & insurance, information & communication, professional, scientific & technical activities, administrative & support services, and arts, entertainment & recreational services saw large increases in their shares of both output and employment. On the other hand, more traditional sectors such as manufacturing, construction, and food & accommodation services saw a decline in their relative importance.  An analysis of productivity and cost developments also suggests that services sectors were generally the most productive during the period under study, while recording the highest levels of compensation per employee and the lowest unit labour costs. Nonetheless, sectoral productivity levels in Malta generally remain below those observed in the euro area. Output prices rose significantly in Malta between 2000 and 2020, generally reflecting the higher pace of economic growth when compared with the euro area.   Received: 29 May 2021 / Accepted: 2 July 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Overview of the Characteristics of the Albanian Organized Crime - Development Trends Over the Years Rama, Ina
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0032

Abstract

The paper aims to describe in general terms some features of the Albanian organized crime, considering its evolution over the years, either in terms of the way its groups are organized or in terms of the type and field of its activity.  Regarding he content of the paper, by the term of the “Albanian organized crime” should be considered, the organizations of Albanian speaking groups, which cross the borders of the Albanian state and extend to other Albanian territories. They apparently, show similar characteristics and forms concerning their organization as that among the Albanians citizens. The first part of the paper describes the features of the Albanian organized crime based on the characteristics related to the nature and culture of the country or typologies that have accompanied the behavior of Albanians towards illegal activities and that have distinguished them from other groups within the same category. The paper emphases the idea of ​​the important impact that has had the historical context in which the country has passed through, on the typology of this type of crime as well as, the influence of political and economic factors in the foundation and development of these criminal groups. The paper provides a description of the impact and importance of Albanian organized crime in the frame work of the organized crime that exists in Italy and in other countries of the region as well as, the impact that these groups have in relation to each other. In particular, the paper has addressed the typology and developments that have followed the Albanian organized crime over the years, in terms of criminal activity in the field of drug trafficking, providing data on the type of drugs that are cultivated and marketed in the country and also the role that this type of criminality has played in frame work of balkan route. The characteristics of organized crime in the area of arms trafficking are also addressed in a special way, reflecting some of its known features and specifics that comes as a result from consulting the open source data. The characteristics of organized crime are also summarized regarding the criminal activity carried out in the area of trafficking in human beings, especially those whose, as origin country is Albania. The paper closes with a citation of criminal activities which, although not yet dominant in the field of Albanian organized crime activity, have begun to be more and more present, becoming an important issue in the focus of foreign law enforcement agencies.   Received: 13 May 2021 / Accepted: 16 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
The Challenges and Prospects of Science Education Development in Africa Ayeni, Margaret Foluso
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0033

Abstract

In spite of the numerous groundbreaking innovations and inventions that science education can achieve in Africa, its growth in the continent is stunted. This retardation in development is as a result of fundamental problems which are discussed in the paper under the following headings: Insecurity, corruption, Unavailability of Laboratory Equipment and Instructional materials, Inadequate Funds, Inadequate Teacher Quality and Teaching Method, Difficult concepts in science. The paper highlights the challenges crippling the development of science education and the prospects its growth will have in the growth of Africa as a continent. Also, this paper focuses on the challenges plaguing science education in African Countries. It intends to reveal how science education is being prevented from becoming prominent in the national and sustainable development of African countries. It also discusses the prospects science education will have in the development of the continent if it was not plagued with difficulties. Some recommendations were made on the steps to take to improve the development of science education in Africa.   Received: 4 April 2021 / Accepted: 28 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
A Monograph on Theoretical Understanding of the Contradictions of Vested Interests and Underdevelopment in Peripheral Social Formation Ogbonna, Hyginus Obinna
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0034

Abstract

This paper focuses on theoretical understanding of the contradictions of vested interests and the underdevelopment in the peripheral social formations; having as its raison d'être, to explore the possible ways by which the vested interests of a particular social group or class has contributed in shaping the underdevelopment of the periphery in the global economy –with inferences from a sub-Saharan African country, Nigeria (with empirical-based evidences); and moving forward, to find ways to counteract or mitigate these contradictions for the amelioration of the human condition in the periphery. Thus, the paper achieves its objectives by adopting a qualitative descriptive method of analysis, investigating the contradictions of the vested interests of both the neo-colonial elite in the Periphery and the capitalists of the Center (advanced capitalist nations), with an admixture of "Dependency Perspective" in its exploration. A theoretical framework, Marxian Ideology, was employed to help for a better epistemic understanding of the dynamics of vested interests aided by helpful extrapolations in its analysis. In the final analysis, the paper made some findings. A few of these include, 1) that the ruling class of the peripheral nations, especially in Africa (typically, Nigeria) has the culture of diverting national wealth for own personal interest. 2) That every moment of domination precipitates moments of resistance by the subjugated class, hence revolutions and instability are endemic in any polity fraught with vested interests of the dominant class. 3) That the peripheral nations have remained underdeveloped due to the selfish interests of both the peripheral ruling class (the puppets of the capitalist of the Center) and the advanced capitalist nations. The paper therefore recommends: that the peripheral social formations should pursue serious independent policies of social justice along egalitarian lines as well as economic and political self-reliance –e.g. state incentives for local industrialists and integrating and strengthening the domestic productive base to attain a self-reliant articulated economy. 2) There is need for total commitment to democratic ethos or permissiveness including popular-empowerment in every aspect for the amelioration of the human condition; among others.   Received: 29 May 2021 / Accepted: 30 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
Judgment (Trial) in Absentia According to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Albania Tota, Naim; Skenderaj , Klodjan
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 12 No. 4 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Richtmann Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36941/mjss-2021-0035

Abstract

The judgment in absentia of the defendant is included in the institutes provided in the Code of Criminal Procedure, where in many cases many problems have been encountered in our case law. The judgment in absentia must, on the one hand, guarantee the respect of the fundamental rights of the defendant and, on the other hand, guarantee the public interest in the administration of justice, through the regular exercise of judicial functions. In the Albanian legislation these conflicts of interest have been resolved by the legislator by accepting and becoming part of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1995 as well as with the amendaments made in 2017, namely, the conduct of the trial in the absence of the defendant. However, this Code also guarantees the defendant the opportunity to review the matter, in cases where he becomes aware of the decision rendered in absentia. The guarantee placed by the legislator in the code of criminal procedure has come precisely because of the practice of the ECHR but also a series of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Albania, which stated that in cases of judgments rendered in absentia, defendants have the right to have their case reviewed. This paper will analyze exactly the provisions of the Albanian criminal procedural law on the conduct of the judgment in absentia, the cases of suspension of the trial for the defendants who do not know effectively about the trial.    Received: 20 April 2021 / Accepted: 29 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

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