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Published by Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

ISSN : 27226336 EISSN : 27233855 DOI : Prefix 10.26593

Core Subject : Religion, Humanities,

Religion Humanities

FOCUS or FOCUS: Theological Studies is an open-access journal covering multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and trans-disciplinary studies of religion in the field of theology. Theology is a field of study that examines logically the doctrines of faith in religions that are connected to the context of the problems of contemporary society in this world. This theological study, first, is transformative theology which is empirical scientific reflection. Second, it is contemporary theology that has an actual and solution role in contemporary social reality. Therefore, the focus and scope of publication of FOCUS are based on rigorous research, accountable methodologies, and new findings based on good scientific ethical standards in the disciplines of the study of religions in the field of theology.

Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama

Articles 76 Documents

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Eudaimonia: Elaborasi Filosofis Konsep Kebahagiaan Aristoteles dan Yuval Noah Harari Benito Cahyo Nugroho
FOCUS Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Ever has man sought happiness to enrich his days, to such lengths that twould not be an understatement to state happiness is his life’s goal. Aristotle defines happiness as eudaimonia, a goal which must be achieved by any means, whilst Harari offers the definition as a process of knowing oneself but even so a meeting point between the two I claim may be possible particularly in this day and age in order to seek and achieve hap- piness. As one may derive from the meeting point, both agree happiness is not limited to the simple fulfillment of physical needs. Happiness possesses an internal dimension, wrought once one lives a wholesome existence in concord to ones vocation.

Bahasa Mitik-Simbolik dari Antroposentris ke Kosmosentris Agustinus Widyawan Purnomo Putra
FOCUS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

As homo religiosus, human being is always looking for the meaning of life, their existence, and also the mysteries of the universe. As time goes by, human being only focus for their self-fullness and self-centeredness and in the end human have lost con- nected with the ultimate reality in which they can get their bearing. Instead of searching for a meaning, man is becoming completely alienated from himself as a being, from the others, and from the transcendental things. In this era, it is important to have a new per- spective and world view about human being itself in the universe. That way is by way of mystic-symbolic language that not provide the objective truth but about how the truth is told or said. Therefore, with this experience or expression, humankind is invited to get involved and participate into which they has been born and never separated from.

Relasi Aku dan Liyan dalam Budaya Lejong Masyarakat Manggarai : Kajian Filosofis Berdasarkan Konsep ‘Framework Aku’ menurut Armada Riyanto Hubertus Herianto
FOCUS Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Focus of this paper is to find the face of the relationship between ‘I dan Others (Liyan)’ in Lejong culture of Manggaraian society. The methodology which we use is a critical reading of the rites contained in Lejong culture using the concept ‘framework I’ by Armada Riyanto, Indonesian philosopher. This study found that, ‘framework I’ make possible the relationality between I and Others (Liyan). The relationship between I and Onthers (Liyan) in Lejong formed by equality principle. The equality of I and Others (Liyan) in Lejong shown by placing the others as ite and toe ata bana. It means that the other is he who is respected, recognized and valued as being as dignified as ‘I’. The recognition of this equal dignity shown by the rites used to welcome guests, namely reis, raes and raos. The existing rites present various faces of equal relations that exist be- tween I and Others (Liyan) in Lejong, namely intersubjective relations, mutually enrich- ing relations, relations based on openness and relationships that promote love.

Membongkar Egosentrisme, Eksklusivisme dan Fiksasi Agama dalam Ruang Publik Martinus Maria Join; Irenius D. Bernad; Adrianus Naja
FOCUS Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

The problem that has yet to find a boundary for resolution in Indonesia is how to reconcile religious pluralism. This paper focuses on the problems of religion which are often destructive, reductive and asymmetrical. Religious hegemony that dominates the public sphere is more aggressive, confrontational and egocentric than altruistic and cooperative. The tendency of religious actors to affirm their own religion better than others has triggered the emergence of various kinds of conflict. The face of religion seems to undermine Pancasila as the spirit and breath of the Indonesian people. Start- ing from this problem, the method used in this paper is the literature method. With this method the author grapples with a wealth of knowledge to restore religious life. So, as the findings of this paper, the writer presents a new paradigm that the Indonesian nation needs to be purified and restored. The Indonesian nation must receive the sacrament of reconciliation and this must become a collective consciousness of the Indonesian people. Reconciliation means being able to open oneself to forgive others and create conducive and harmonious spaces for togetherness.

Penghormatan Ze Hai Zhen Ren - Dewa Tionghoa Di Tekhai Bio: 澤海真人崇拜-澤海廟的印華神 Ardian Cangianto; C. Dewi Hartati
FOCUS Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

The events of 1740 in Batavia brought the Chinese community into a new phase. One of the new chapters that has never been studied is the birth of local gods who are worshiped in various temples. The gods were none other than the Chinese folk he- roes who fought against the Dutch colonialism. Among them are Yiyong gong (義勇公) which is worshiped in the city of Lasem and Zehai zhenren (澤海真人) in various cities in Central Java, such as in the cities of Tegal, Semarang and Pekalongan. The cult of Zehai zenren is wider than the cult of Yiyonggong, even in some circles the Javanese community also respects the figure of Zehai zenren. Zehai zenren can be respected among the Javanese people, especially those who become fishermen because they believe that Zehai zenren is the ‘god’ protecting sailors and traders. In addition to its distribution in Central Java, it turned out that based on field research, it was found that there were Chinese people living in the West Java area who worshiped Zehai zenren as their patron god. That there are local Chinese heroes who can be worshiped whose distribution is wider than the local Chinese Indonesian gods deserves to be investigated. It should also be noted that Zehai zhenren's ‘bodyguards’ are Javanese. Belief in Zehai zhenren that transcends ethnic boundaries can occur because of the closeness of the belief system of the people of Central Java or known as Kejawen with the Chinese belief system. His beliefs are inclusive, build harmony and respect for people who are worthy of respect.

Menyoal Efektifitas Kuliah Daring: Analisis Filosofis atas Dinamika Kuliah Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19 dalam Terang Pemikiran Jean-Jacques Rousseau Kristoforus Garnodin; Sebastianus Hagoldin
FOCUS Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

The focal point of the discussion of this research is the relevance of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s thoughts to online lectures. The basic concept of education according to Rous- seau lies in forming free, independent human beings without pressure or bondage, not for a particular purpose. In other words, freedom is the basic law of education. The covid-19 pandemic has forced lectures to be conducted online. The change in the lecture system from face-to-face to a new system, namely online, has become a reality that is not easy to implement. There are many challenges that occur both from the educational institutions, teaching staff, and students. This happens because lecturers and students themselves do not have a balanced ability to provide or receive lecture material online. The method used in this paper is to analyze the thoughts of the characters in the context of online lectures. This study found that the dynamics of lectures that occurred during the covid-19 pandemic did not work effectively. The teaching staff has not been able to fully provide lecture mate- rial to the maximum and students also cannot absorb the material optimally.

Merajut Kembali Relasionallitas Masyarakat dan Pemerintah: Relevansi Politik Berasaskan Rekonsiliasi dan Kebenaran Martin C. Barut; Pius Kanelmut; Krispianus W. Sarhe
FOCUS Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

The center of the study of this paper is to explore and understand Armada Riyanto’s ideas about reconciliation and truth. The ongoing political and security dynamics generate new and rich awareness and meaning in the pursuit of peace. The methodology used in this paper is ‘phenomenology’, that is, everyday phenomena become the main source of philosophy. By looking at the political reality from marginal notes, from phenomenological experience, this research comes to the finding that the political concept based on reconciliation and truth is a relevant political program to seek peace. Reconciliation cannot be carried out without revealing the truth and a truth will have a deep meaning in the act of reconciliation. The government and society have a responsibility to cultivate the virtue of peace. The synergy between the government and the community determines the progress of the life of the nation and state.

Kritik Metafisik Terhadap Kesemertaan Pemahaman atas yang Fisik Simson Ericson Simanjuntak; Norbertus Rio Chandra
FOCUS Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Science, technology, that now tends to be materialistic, offers humans how to get a truth. It is ironic that such science, tends to reduce other factors that already exist in the world of human understanding. As a result, with all its ambitions, science tries to con- vince humans that some of its fundamental beliefs are a deception. But in fact science, technology has limitations in explaining the truth. This limitation is often closed tightly with opinions so that humans lead to dryness of understanding. There is an effort, more useful to view life or other basic understanding is more lively.

Kebebasan Beragama di Indonesia dalam Terang Pemikiran Barcuh de Spinoza Sirilus Yekrianus
FOCUS Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

This paper pays attention to the issue of religious freedom in Indonesia. Freedom of religion is one of the individual rights of every person. People are free to choose religion according to their minds. By reason, it means that humans recognize the values that are sparked in a religion. The duty of the state is to guarantee religious freedom. In the Indonesian context, freedom of religion is guaranteed in the legal basis contained in the 1945 Constitution. However, it is inevitable that this kind of freedom is also subject to discriminatory treatment. To underline this, Spinoza, a philosopher who greatly respected reason, explained the importance of religious freedom as an individual choice. Freedom of religion according to him should not be restrained by any authority. This paper was written using the literature method which tries to confront Spinoza's thoughts on religious freedom with the issue of religious freedom in Indonesia.

Mengupas Hubungan Sublim Manusia dengan Alam Melalui Karya Mariam Sofrina Antonia Kristiana Dian Putri
FOCUS Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Protecting and ensuring nature is a choice and also a necessity for many people to protect their lives. Everyone is competing and fighting for a beautiful and well-maintained environment. However, the activities that are deployed with all their strength and determination by humans actually lead them to fall into the effort to improve nature and forget a root relationship between nature and humans themselves, namely sublimity. Through the reflection of works in the form of landscapes presented by one of the Indonesian artists, humans are able to be reintroduced to this sublime state to rebuild a full relationship with nature.

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Bhanu Viktorahadi

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focus@unpar.ac.id

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Jl. Nias No.2, Babakan Ciamis, Kec. Sumur Bandung, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40117

Location
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Jawa barat

INDONESIA

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Bhanu Viktorahadi

Contact Email torahadi@unpar.ac.id

Phone +6285222088088

Journal Mail Official focus@unpar.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Nias No.2, Babakan Ciamis, Kec. Sumur Bandung, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40117

Location Kota bandung, Jawa barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Bhanu Viktorahadi

Contact Email
torahadi@unpar.ac.id

Phone
+6285222088088

Journal Mail Official
focus@unpar.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Nias No.2, Babakan Ciamis, Kec. Sumur Bandung, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia 40117

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA