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Published by Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
ISSN : 27226336     EISSN : 27233855     DOI : Prefix 10.26593
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities,
Religion Humanities
FOCUS or FOCUS: Theological Studies is an open-access journal covering multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and trans-disciplinary studies of religion in the field of theology. Theology is a field of study that examines logically the doctrines of faith in religions that are connected to the context of the problems of contemporary society in this world. This theological study, first, is transformative theology which is empirical scientific reflection. Second, it is contemporary theology that has an actual and solution role in contemporary social reality. Therefore, the focus and scope of publication of FOCUS are based on rigorous research, accountable methodologies, and new findings based on good scientific ethical standards in the disciplines of the study of religions in the field of theology.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Studi Agama
Articles 120 Documents
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Mediatisasi Agama dan Penanaman Nilai Keagamaan Islam dan Kristen Melalui Media Sosial: Studi pada Kanal Youtube Superbook Indonesia dan Nussa Rara Arafah, Dewi Sinta Setiawati; Fitriani, Dinda Arsi; Rahman, Mohammad Taufiq
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i1.6572

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana peran media dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai keagamaan terhadap anak pada animasi Superbook Indonesia dan Nussa Rara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif, melalui pengumpulan data secara kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian ini menemukan fakta bahwa: pertama, dakwah harus dilakukan dengan cara yang baik, arif dan bijaksana agar dakwah mudah diterima oleh semua kalangan. Kedua, sebelum berdakwah hendaknya memperhatikan adab-adab dalam menyampaikan pesan dakwah agar bahasa yang digunakan tidak mengandung diskriminatif maupun provokatif. Ketiga, media dakwah seperti Superbook Indonesia sangat baik dan berperan penting dalam menyampaikan pesan Tuhan melalui kartun yang dikemas semenarik mungkin sehingga dapat menarik minat untuk belajar agama secara online bagi kalangan anak-anak maupun remaja kristiani. Dakwah tidak hanya dilakukan melalui lisan dan tatap muka di tempat-tempat ibadah saja akan tetapi sekarang dengan semakin majunya teknologi maka dakwah dapat dilakukan melalui sosial media seperti Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Radio, Televisi, Youtube dan media sosial lainnya. Dengan begitu, kemajuan perkembangan teknologi yang tersedia harus dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin dengan berbagai macam tujuan tanpa terlepas dalam hal agama. Maka diperlukan informasi yang lengkap mengenai penggunaan media terhadap para pemuka agama supaya penyebaran berbagai agama dapat maksimal dan diterima baik oleh para jamaahnya.
Menghadapi Keragaman di Indonesia Melalui Konsep Masyarakat Interkultural Djunatan, Stephanus
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i1.6700

Abstract

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang gagasan interkulturalisme dan urgensinya dalam masyarakat plural seperti Indonesia. Keragaman budaya, suku, dan agama di Indonesia yang telah memunculkan konflik horizontal di masa lalu. Metode yang diguanakan untuk penulisan artikel ini ialah kualitatif melalui pengumpulan data kajian literatur. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa gagasan masyarakat interkultural merupakan solusi atas problematika kehidupan modern yang mengutamakan relasi subjek-objek yang identik pada masyarakat Eropa. Dalam konteks Indonesia, gagasan masyarakat interkultural juga sangat relevan diterapkan di tengah keragaman tadi. Harapannya, melalui konsep ini, Indonesia terhindar dari ragam konflik dan ancaman disintegrasi.
Kepentingan Diri dan Martabat Manusia Pranowo, Yogie
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i1.6705

Abstract

This research aims to thoroughly examine the concept of self-interest, human dignity, and the views of the Catholic Church in Indonesia. In the current era of disruption, individuals often pursue the maximization of their self-interests by any means necessary. This condition tends to lead individuals to look down upon others. The research adopts a qualitative methodology based on a literature review. The metadata for this study is sourced from books, online journals, and other secondary sources. The results indicate that by contemplating the meaning of self-interest and human dignity in accordance with Catholic Social Teaching, individuals can reconcile their desires for worldly domination. Thus, this research can contribute to the development of human quality of life in alignment with the teachings of the Church
Ekologi Budaya dan Ekospiritualitas Komunitas Adat Baduy Menghadapi Modernisasi: Studi Ekologi Budaya dan Ekospiritualitas di Desa Kanekes, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten Setiawan, Nur; Mardiana, Rina; Adiwibowo, Soeryo
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i2.7123

Abstract

Bertambahnya jumlah penduduk mendorong masyarakat Baduy untuk beradaptasi dengan situasi baru yang berdampak pada berkurangnya lahan untuk pemukiman dan pertanian. Modernisasi juga mempengaruhi masyarakat Baduy untuk menyesuaikan inti budaya mereka dengan situasi baru yang tak dapat dihindari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan ekologi budaya untuk mengidentifikasi elemen-elemen inti budaya masyarakat Baduy yang mengalami penyesuaian dalam konteks lingkungan alam, serta mendeskripsikan pengelolaan sumber daya alam berbasis eko-spiritualitas. Penelitian dilakukan pada masyarakat Baduy di Desa Kanekes, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten, menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam, studi lapangan, dan penelusuran literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik masyarakat Baduy Dalam maupun Baduy Luar melakukan penyesuaian adaptif untuk mengatasi keterbatasan lahan dan tekanan modernisasi. Strategi adaptif yang digunakan mencakup mengubah masa bera, mengolah lahan di luar wilayah adat, dan berdagang dengan menggunakan teknologi modern. Namun, masyarakat Baduy Dalam memiliki keterbatasan dalam memilih strategi adaptif karena aturan adat yang ketat, sementara Baduy Luar lebih fleksibel dalam beradaptasi karena kelonggaran aturan adat mereka. Selain itu, ekospiritualitas menjadi landasan pandangan masyarakat Baduy dalam mengelola sumber daya alam secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana masyarakat Baduy beradaptasi dengan perubahan lingkungan dan modernisasi sambil mempertahankan nilai-nilai budaya mereka.
Toleransi Beragama Perspektif Joachim Wach: Potret Kehidupan Toleran Muslim-Tionghoa di Kenali Besar, Jambi: Studi Kasus Sungai Nibung Kota Kuala Tungkal Jambi Iqbal, Adi
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i2.7209

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji pluralitas agama dan budaya dalam dinamika masyarakat perkotaan, dengan fokus pada Kota Kuala Tungkal Jambi sebagai studi kasus. Pluralitas agama dan budaya di Kota Kuala Tungkal Jambi memberikan dampak yang beragam, termasuk kerjasama, hidup berdampingan dengan batasan tertentu, dan potensi konflik. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka konseptual teori Joachim Wach tentang tiga unsur ekspresi keagamaan: doktrin, ritual, dan fellowship untuk memahami bagaimana agama tercermin dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Doktrin agama membentuk pandangan dunia dan moralitas, yang tercermin dalam pemahaman tentang pluralisme agama di Kota Kuala Tungkal Jambi. Praktik keagamaan cenderung moderat, mendorong toleransi dan kerukunan antarumat beragama. Komunitas agama Islam, Kristen, Katolik dan Konghucu memiliki peran penting dalam mempromosikan pluralitas agama dan konversi agama tanpa konflik. Faktor-faktor seperti keyakinan, keluarga, pendidikan, dan lingkungan sosial memengaruhi kesadaran beragama masyarakat. Lembaga-lembaga keagamaan juga memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga toleransi dan kerukunan, serta membangun unsur fellowship di antara berbagai komunitas agama. Pemimpin agama berkontribusi pada pengembangan kesadaran beragama yang harmonis. Kehidupan perkotaan yang serba cepat dan lembaga pendidikan juga memengaruhi unsur fellowship dan pemahaman antar agama. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang kerukunan antarumat beragama di Kota Kuala Tungkal Jambi yang dapat menjadi contoh positif dalam masyarakat multikultural.
Muhammadiyah sebagai Gerakan Sosial Keagamaan Baru : Pendirian dan Perjuangan KH. Ahmad Dahlan dalam Konteks Modernitas dan Anti-kekerasan Moewashi Idharul Haq, Andri
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i2.7210

Abstract

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pendirian Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan sosial baru yang menggabungkan unsur Islam dan modernitas, serta eksplorasi perjuangan KH. Ahmad Dahlan dalam menghadapi tantangan intoleransi dan kekerasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan analisis dokumen untuk memahami peran Muhammadiyah dalam konteks perkembangan sosial dan pemikiran Islam. Kami juga melakukan tinjauan literatur untuk konteks gerakan sosial baru sekitar tahun 1960-1970-an. Muhammadiyah lahir sebagai gerakan sosial baru yang mengintegrasikan Islam dengan modernitas, dengan fokus pada aspek-aspek personal dan kesejahteraan manusia. KH. Ahmad Dahlan, pendiri Muhammadiyah, dihadapkan pada sikap intoleran dan kekerasan dalam perjalanannya. Namun, dia tidak mengadopsi pendekatan konfrontatif atau non-kooperatif; sebaliknya, dia memperkuat aqidah Islam dan memberdayakan umat Islam dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan mereka, termasuk ekonomi, politik, dan budaya. Pendekatan ini sesuai dengan model gerakan sosial baru atau gerakan sosial kontemporer sekitar tahun 1960-1970-an, yang menekankan nilai-nilai humanis, spiritual, dan non-materialistik dalam mencapai tujuan yang bersifat universal. Gerakan sosial baru ini didasarkan pada keyakinan universal, simbol, dan nilai-nilai yang membawa perasaan solidaritas terhadap kelompok sosial yang berbeda. Muhammadiyah, sebagai gerakan sosial baru yang mengintegrasikan Islam dengan modernitas, telah menjadi contoh sukses dari gerakan sosial yang menerapkan pandangan yang kooperatif dan anti-kekerasan untuk melindungi dan meningkatkan kondisi kehidupan manusia. Model gerakan sosial baru ini relevan dengan perubahan sosial dan nilai-nilai universal yang berkelanjutan dalam masyarakat. Studi ini memperkuat pemahaman tentang hubungan antara Islam, modernitas, dan gerakan sosial dalam konteks Indonesia.
SIMBOL MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM EKOSISTEM PLURALISME DI KAMPUNG REHOBOT INDRAMAYU Yohanes Irmawandi; Nur Hidayat, Mufti
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i2.7365

Abstract

This research explores the symbols of religious moderation in the daily practices of the community in Rehobot Village, Indramayu, West Java, as a response to the complexity of the pluralistic ecosystem in Indonesia. The main focus is on conflicts between religious communities caused by negative prejudices and violations of Freedom of Religion and Belief. In response, the government has initiated the Moderation of Religion program, aiming to foster an inclusive attitude and uphold human rights amidst religious diversity. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review techniques to uncover symbols of religious moderation in Rehobot Village. The findings indicate that everyday practices, such as non-segregated public burials, cross-faith sports activities, and mutual support in religious celebrations, serve as symbols of religious moderation deeply rooted in Rehobot's cultural fabric. Furthermore, the Village Bhinneka policy and the roles of religious leaders as unifiers and promoters of tolerance strengthen religious moderation at the local level. These practices reflect the commitment of the Rehobot community to harmoniously coexist amidst diverse beliefs, creating an inclusive environment that can serve as an example for other communities in fostering tolerance and interfaith dialogue. This research provides profound insights into how symbols of religious moderation can serve as crucial pillars in supporting the pluralistic ecosystem in Indonesia.
Youth Interfaith Dialogue in Everyday Citizenship in Indonesia: Bridging Religious Diversity and Citizenship Challenges Kusmayani, Anisa Eka Putri
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i2.7375

Abstract

This research explores the role of interfaith dialogue among Indonesian youth in fostering everyday citizenship, particularly within the context of religious diversity. The study draws on the dynamics of interfaith engagement, emphasizing its significance in promoting social cohesion, peace, and civic participation. The framework integrates the "Seven Moments of Inter-religious Dialogue" proposed by J.B. Banawiratma and Stokke's (2017) dimensions of citizenship, including membership, legal status, rights, and participation. Examining the Abrahamic religions context, the research delves into historical challenges and the potential for dialogue to overcome intergenerational religious biases. The study highlights the necessity of understanding religious pluralism and building bridges among communities, particularly within the Muslim-Christian-Jewish framework. In the Indonesian youth context, the research identifies various interfaith dialogue initiatives undertaken by youth organizations across regions. It explores how these initiatives contribute to societal harmony, reduce radicalization, and empower civil society. The research also addresses challenges such as power dynamics and leadership influence in maintaining peace, emphasizing the grassroots' role. Moving beyond religious discourse, the study analyzes the intersection of interfaith dialogue with everyday citizenship issues in Indonesia. It investigates how dialogue addresses challenges related to LGBTQ+ rights, indigenous religious rights, and interreligious marriage. The research argues that interfaith dialogue plays a pivotal role in acknowledging inclusive citizenship, facilitating coexistence, and addressing complex societal issues. The findings suggest that interfaith dialogue not only promotes religious understanding but also enhances civic engagement, contributing to social justice and peace. The research concludes with insights into the potential of interfaith dialogue to bridge gaps between diverse religious and non-religious perspectives, fostering a more inclusive and tolerant citizenship in Indonesia.
Persaudaraan Orang Muda Katolik: Perbandingan Dokumen Abu Dhabi dan Sinode Keuskupan Bandung 2015 Leonardus Dewantara, Moses; Viktorahadi, R.F. Bhanu
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i2.7376

Abstract

This research explores the role of Catholic Youth (Orang Muda Katolik or OMK) in responding to the challenges of intolerance in Indonesia, particularly in the province of West Java. By examining Catholic Church documents such as the "Abu Dhabi Document" and "Christus Vivit," as well as the Pastoral Focus of the Bandung Diocese for the year 2023, this study aims to understand how OMK comprehends and implements the values of brotherhood advocated by the Church. In the context of intolerance, especially in West Java, known as a region with high levels of intolerance, the research also explores concrete steps that OMK can take to build a more tolerant society. The study involves an analysis of OMK identity, with a focus on the characteristics of the millennial generation, and considers the impact of the document "Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together" and the results of the 2015 Synod of the Bandung Diocese. The results indicate that OMK plays a crucial role in fostering interfaith brotherhood, emphasizing dialogue, acceptance of differences, and participation in social action. With implications from Church documents, this research provides a strong foundation for OMK to develop a spirit of brotherhood, respect for differences, and engagement in social action as part of their social responsibility. In the context of pastoral guidance, the study highlights the importance of conscience as a moral guide and suggests pastoral strategies that can be applied to help OMK internalize faith values. Thus, this research provides profound insights into the role of the Catholic Church in promoting peace and brotherhood in the midst of religious intolerance. The results can serve as a basis for further development of strategies to address tolerance challenges at the local and national levels.
Acculturation of Islam and Javanese Culture in Rontekan Arts: A Case Study of the Ronda Tetek Tradition in Gombang Village, Boyolali Distric, Central Java Haryono, Satrio Dwi; Nisa Islami, Fajriatun
FOCUS Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Focus
Publisher : Parahyangan Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26593/focus.v4i2.7459

Abstract

This study explores the acculturation of Islam and Javanese culture manifested through the Ronda Tetek Tradition in Gombang Village, Sawit District, Boyolali District, Central Java. Initially employed for night patrols, Rontek has evolved into traditional musical instruments and ceremonial practices. Over time, it has acquired an Islamic dimension, transforming into a musical accompaniment for Qasidah or Islamic poems. Employing qualitative methods, including participant observation and in-depth interviews, this research investigates the integration of Islamic and Javanese cultural elements in the Rontek tradition. The findings reveal that Rontek in Gombang Village has undergone acculturation with Islamic traditions, giving rise to a distinctive synthesis known as Javanese Islam. Despite its antiquity, Rontek continues to maintain its allure in Gombang Village, preserving local traditions while embracing Islamic influences.

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