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Edu Masda Journal
Published by Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Kharisma Persada
ISSN : 25974572     EISSN : 27155269     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.52118/edumasda
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Edu Masda Journal is a periodical scientific journal published by STIKes Kharisma Persada. Edu Masda Journal accepts scientific papers in the form of research reports (original article research papers) with focus and scope including Pharmacy, Public Health and Medical Record issues. Edu Masda Journal can be used by health practitioners, health caregivers, teachers, medical students, and people who are interested in pharmacy, public health, and medical record issues. Edu Masda Journal was first published in September 2017 and subsequently published twice a year, in March and September. The Edu Masda Journal is an open access journal, So all published articles are available online through open access.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 160 Documents
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Formulasi Sediaan Gel Masker Wajah Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Wortel (Daucus carofal) Sylvia Puspita; Arikha Ayu Susilowati
Edu Masda Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2017): Edu Masda Journal Volume 1 Nomor 1
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v1i1.43

Abstract

Pemeliharaan kulit wajah memerlukan perhatian yang khusus karena kulit wajah merupakan organ yang sensitif terhadap perlakuan dan rangsangan. Tingginya paparan radikal bebas pada kulit dapat menyebabkan stress pada kulit. Sters pada kulit ini, akan mengakibatkan penyakit kanker kulit dan penuaan dini. Sediaan masker gel dengan berbagai macam basis yang ada dipasaran umumnya dikombinasi dengan bahan alam. Oleh karenanya, penlitian ini ingin mengetahui pada konsentrasi berapa konsentrasi formulasi masker gel ekstrak wortel dan memberikan stabilitas sediaan gel masker wortel yang baik. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian eksperimental dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi Ekstrak wortel (Daucus carota L) pada masker gel. Rancangan penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat Ekstrak wortel (Daucus carota L) pada berbagai konsentrasi (2,5% ; 5% ; 7,5%) menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dengan metode maserasi. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji daya lekat, uji daya sebar, uji viskositas dan uji iritasi. Analisa data menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA. Berdasarkan hasil dalam penelitian dapat disimupulkan, bahawa formulasi gel masker dengan konsentrasi ekstrak wortel 5,0% mempunyai hasil yang sangat baik pada hasil organeleptis, pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat, uji viskositas, uji kecepatan mengering dan uji stabilitas fisik gel. Kata Kunci    : Gel, Masker Wajah, Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Wortel ABSTRACTMaintenance of facial skin requires special attention because facial skin is an organ that is sensitive to treatment and stimulation. High exposure to free radicals on the skin can cause stress on the skin. Sters on this skin, will lead to skin cancer and premature aging. Gel mask preparations with various bases on the market are generally combined with natural ingredients. Therefore, this research wants to find out at what concentration the concentration of the carrot extract gel mask formulation and provide good stability of the carrot mask gel preparation. This study was included in an experimental study with the aim to determine the effect of carrot extract (Daucus carota L) concentration on gel masks. The study design was carried out by making carrot extract (Daucus carota L) at various concentrations (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%) using 70% ethanol solvent with maceration method. The parameters analyzed include organoleptic test, pH test, stickiness test, spreadability test, viscosity test and irritation test. Data analysis uses the One Way ANOVA test. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the gel mask formulation with 5.0% carrot extract concentration has very good results on organeleptic yield, pH, spreadability test, adhesion test, viscosity test, dry speed test and gel physical stability test. Keywords              : Gel, Facial Mask, Ethanol Extract Carrot Bulbs
Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Afrika (Vernonia Amygdalina) dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Nur Hasanah; Billy Arnanda
Edu Masda Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2018): Edu Masda Journal Volume 2 Nomor 1
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v2i1.10

Abstract

ABSTRAKDaun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan obat yang tumbuh di Indonesia. Daun ini mengandung senyawa alkaloid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid dan glikosida. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina), mengetahui tampilan fisik ekstrak daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina), dan mengetahui kandungan kimia daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan uji larva Artemia salina Leach yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok, tiap kelompok terdiri dari 10 ekor, dengan replikasi 2 kali tiap kelompok. Konsentrasi ektrak daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) yang digunakan yaitu 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 100 ppm, dan 500 ppm dan dilakukan partisi ekstrak dengan pelarut etanol, n-Heksan, dan etil asetat. Pengamatan terhadap larva yang mati dilakukan 24 jam setelah pemberian ekstrak. Berdasarkan data, LC50 ekstrak daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) ditentukan dengan analisa probit. Hasil dari analisa probit menunjukkan LC50 fase etanol menunjukkan nilai 123 ppm, fase n-Heksan menunjukan nilai LC50 3548 ppm, dan fase etil asetat tidak memiliki nilai LC50. Hasil itu menunjukan bahwa hanya ekstrak fase etanol daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) yang  mempunyai potensi toksik, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan harga LC50 > 1000 ppm.  Kata Kunci: Toksisitas, ekstrak daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina), Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). ABSTRACTVernonia amygdalina is one kind of medical plant in Indonesia. The leaves contains alkaloids, saponins, tannin, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroid and glycosides bioactive compounds. The aims of the research is determine the lethal toxicity value of Vernonia amygdalina, determine physical appearance of Vernonia amygdalina, and determine bioactive compounds of  Vernonia amygdalina. The method used in this research is Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. This research use larva Artemia salina Leach that devided into 5 groups. Each group consist of 10 larva with two replications. Vernonia amygdalina concentration used are 1 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 100 ppm, and 500 ppm and done extract partition with ethanol, n-Hexane, and ethyl acetate. Observations were made during 24 hours of Artemia salina Leach mortality.  Based on the data, LC50 Vernonia amygdalina determined by probity analysis. The result of probity analysis shows ethanolextract is 123 ppm, LC50 n-Hexaneextract is 3548 ppm, and ethyl acetate extract has no LC50. The result indicates only ethanol extract having toxic value. In this case indicates with LC50 > 1000 ppm.  Keywords: Toxicity, Vernonia amygdalina, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT).
Aktifitas Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) Sebagai Antiinflamasi Ditinjau Dari Berbagai Literatur Humaira Fadhilah; Karunia Rachmani; Nurihardianti Hajaring
Edu Masda Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2021): Edu Masda Journal Volume 5 Nomor 1
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v5i1.120

Abstract

Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue injury caused by physical trauma, damaging chemicals, or microbiological substances. Steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have many side effects, so there are many anti-inflammatory developments originating from natural ingredients, especially in plants. Plants that are scientifically proven to have anti-inflammatory properties, namely turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) The method used in this literature study is a review of various journals published online, with the keyword turmeric as an anti-inflammatory, reviewed one by one and then the journals obtained are collected and information created by summarizing the content and then comparing the journals to be used as references. The results showed that turmeric tested had anti-inflammatory activity. The strength of the anti-inflammatory effect is shown by the carrageenan induction method which inhibits endema in rat feet and inflammation in the liver using the method of induction by diethylnitrosamine in this plant varies, depending on the dose. Compounds that are considered to provide anti-inflammatory activity are curcumin class compounds because they can inhibit the formation of prostagladin, thromboxan, and prostagycycline by inhibiting the activity of the cyclooxygenase enzyme. Curcumin also inhibits the formation of leuketrien compounds by inhibiting the activity of the lipoxygenase enzyme.
Analisis Determinan Kepatuhan Menjalani Hemodialisa Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Riris Andriati; Aisyah Aisyah
Edu Masda Journal Vol 5, No 1 (2021): Edu Masda Journal Volume 5 Nomor 1
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v5i1.111

Abstract

In 2015, the number of cases of end stage chronic kidney failure in Indonesia was 70 thousand sufferers. Based on these figures, patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy are only 4000 to 5000 patients with renal failure. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between adherence to hemodialysis therapy and the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure in the Hemodialysis Unit of Haji Hospital Jakarta. This research method is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples was 54 people who were in the hemodialysis unit of the Jakarta Hajj Hospital during the last three months. The results of the study Respondents with good quality of life, moderate compliance were 1 respondent (%), and good quality were 10 respondents (%). The results of bivariate analysis using the Chi Square test, obtained p value = 0.468˃0.05. This means that there is no relationship between compliance undergoing hemodialysis with the quality of life of patients at the Jakarta Hajj Hospital.
Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida l.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat (Propionibacterium acnes) Dengan Metode Sumur Agar Fadly Putrajaya; Nur Hasanah; Anis Kurlya
Edu Masda Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Edu Masda Journal Volume 3 Nomor 2
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v3i2.34

Abstract

Pimples or acne vulgaris are obstructive skin diseases and chronic inflamatif in pilosebaseas that often occur among adolescents. According to the Indonesian Cosmetic Dermatology Study, sufferers of acne vulgaris in 2006, 2007 and 2009 in a row as much as 60, 80, and 90%. The highest prevalence in women (14-17 years) ranges from 83-85% and in men (16-19 years) ranged from 95-100%. Therefore, there is a need for altervatives to minimize antibiotic resistance and prevent side effects from occurring. One alternative is the use of antibacterial that comes from natural ingredients. One of the natural ingredients that can be utilized is suruhan leaf (Peperomia pellucida L.). The study aims to find out the power of ethanol extract of the suruhan leaf against the growth of acne causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes). This research is an experimental study. The data used in this study is the diameter of the clear zone. The results of the study showed the ethanol extract of the suruhan leaf (Peperomia pellucida L.) has a barrier to acne causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes). At a concentration 25% (6,65 mm), (129,39 mm2) then the resistance is medium, the concertration of  50% (8,2 mm), (130,98 mm2) then the resistance is relatively medium, concentration 75% (13,7 mm), (532,42 mm2) then the resistance is relatively strong, the concentration of 100% (17,15 mm), (539,1 mm2) then the power is relatively strong. Further research is suggested, fractionation extract of suruhan leaf ethanol to know the active compounds that act as antibacterial using polar solvents and non polar solvents.
Literature Review Uji Evaluasi Sediaan Krim Neneng Sri Purwaningsih; Siti Novy Romlah; Ayu Choirunnisa
Edu Masda Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2020): Edu Masda Journal Volume 4 Nomor 2
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v4i2.102

Abstract

The format of preparation cosmetic in a cream form is still popular in Indonesia, especially for the women. Because its easier to applied, and more comfortable. Literature review of evaluation cream preparation test is to compare the results of cream evaluation preparation from the previous researches, in order to get the best test results and accordance with specified conditions. The general purpose of this research is to know the results of Literature review of evaluation cream preparation test from several journals. Method This research is qualitative research which is Library research Cream evaluation preparation is a Parameters that have been established to determine the stability of cream preparation including organoleptic test, pH test, homogeneity test, type cream test, viscosity test, and scattering test. From the result of organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test and scattering test review have the results partial test standards, and some doesn’t. this is due to the temperature factor, excessive extract concentration and chemical reaction at the time of storage is accelerated. Whereas at the results of homogeneity test have a quite good homogeneity, and in a type cream test has A/M and M/A type cream.
Gambaran Standar Perencanaan dan Pengadaan Obat di Instalasi Farmasi RSU Kota Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2017 Nurwulan adi Ismaya; Tri Okta Ratnaningtyas; Rani Riskha Wahyuni
Edu Masda Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Edu Masda Journal Volume 3 Nomor 1
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v3i1.25

Abstract

Selection and Procurement are the crucial things in drug management system and they become primary things to do to avoid drug emptiness. The objective oh this research is to know the effectiveness and effeciency of drug  management in Selection and Procurement stage at South Tangerang City General Hospital  in 2017.  The methods of this research is descriptive research design with retrospective data retrieval. Data in the form of qualitative and quantitative accompanied by interviews with related parties. Selection and Procurement Phase in the measurement of its efficiency by using the indicator that issued by MOH RI (2002). The results showed that in the selection stage of drug management at Tangerang Selatan Public Hospital in 2017 showed it has not been effective, it has seen from the measurement on the indicator of conformity of the drug item with the DOEN showed the value of 20.90% below the standard value of 49%. Then at the Procurement stage showed effective results, it has seen from the Frequency of procurement of medicinal items each year showed frequency results as much as 1-19x / year (Medium standard), the frequency of error invoice / order letter as much as 2 times the value of comparison 1-9 times, and the frequency of delayed payment by the hospital 15 times from the comparison value 0-25 times. Drug procurement in South Tangerang General Hospital has been effective, it showed from the Frequency of procurement of medicinal items per year, the frequency of error invoice / order letter, and the frequency of delayed payment by the hospital. Based on this results, the Drug Procurement in South Tangerang General Hospital has been effective, but the selection hasn’t  effective yet.
Hubungan Kecemasan dengan Kualitas Tidur Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Tri Okta Ratnaningtyas; Dwi Fitriani
Edu Masda Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2020): Edu Masda Journal Volume 4 Nomor 1
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v4i1.49

Abstract

Students are one of the early adult groups who have a lot of activities, so that students become a group that is at risk of having poor sleep quality. One of the causes of poor sleep quality is anxiety factor. This research was conducted to identify the relationship between anxiety with sleep quality in the final level students at STIKes Kharisma Persada. The research design in this study used analytic observational research with a quantitative approach and cross sectional design, with sample was 133 respondents taken by using a simple random sampling. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire and data analysis used chi square statistical test. Based on the results of the research showed that most respondents were 21 years old, female, most respondents experience anxiety with mild levels of autonomic stimulation, mild muscle and bone effects, mild situational anxiety, and experiences in dealing with mild anxiety, have good sleep quality based on aspects of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, and the use of good sleeping pills and most of the respondents have sleep quality which is based on aspects of the disruption of activity. Based on the results of bivariate analysis with chi square test, it is known that there is a relationship between anxiety and sleep quality with p value = 0.014. There is a relationship between anxiety and sleep quality in final level students.
Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) Terhadap Larva Udang (Artemia salina Leach) Nur Hasanah; Ika Yulianti
Edu Masda Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2018): Edu Masda Journal Volume 2 Nomor 2
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v2i2.15

Abstract

ABSTRAKSalah satu tanaman di Indonesia yang sangat terkenal yaitu jeruk lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck). Kulit jeruk lemon mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder flavonoid, tanin, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Senyawa flavonoid dan triterpenoid diduga dapat bersifat toksik pada kadar tertentu. Untuk itu perlu dilakukannya uji toksisitas, salah satu pengujian toksisitas dengan menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethaly Test (BSLT). Aktivitas toksik diketahui dari jumlah kematian larva udang karena pengaruh ekstrak pada konsentrasi yang diberikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi toksik pada ekstrak etanol, fase n-heksana dan fase etil asetat dan mengetahui nilai LC50 tertinggi pada ekstrak etanol, fase n-heksana dan fase etil asetat. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian true eksperimental. Sampel yang digunakan adalah ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk lemon sebagai zat aktif, kemudian di partisi dengan n-heksan dan etil asetat. Lalu dibuat larutan uji 1000 ppm, 600 ppm,, 400 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 35 ppm, 15 ppm, 5 ppm dan kontrol negatif tanpa larutan ekstrak (0 ppm). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap pelarut berpotensi sangat toksik dengan LC50= 12,88 ppm pada pelarut etanol, fase n-heksana memiliki LC50= 1,77 ppm dan fase etil asetat memiliki LC50= 19,95 ppm. LC50 tertinggi ada pada fase n-heksana dengan LC50= 1,77 ppm.Kata Kunci            : Kulit jeruk lemon, Artemia salina, Citrus limon, Toksisitas, BSLT ABSTRACTOne of the most famous plants in Indonesia is lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck). Lemon fruit is one source of vitamin C and antioxidants, lemon juice ethanol extract contains secondary metabolite compounds flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Flavonoids and triterpenoids may be toxic to some degree. For that it is necessary to do toxicity test, one of toxicity test by using method of Brine Shrimp Lethaly Test (BSLT). Toxic activity is known from the number of deaths of shrimp larvae (Artemia Salina Leach) due to the influence of extracts or natural material compounds at concentrations given. To determine the toxic potential of ethanol extract, n-hexane phase and ethyl acetate phase and to know the highest LC50 value in ethanol extract, n-hexane phase and ethyl acetate phase. This research use experimental research type with true experimental approach. The sample used was lemon peel ethanol extract as an active substance, then in partition with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The test solution is 1000 ppm, 600 ppm, 400 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 35 ppm, 15 ppm, 5 ppm and negative control without extract solution (0 ppm). Indicates that each solvent is potentially very toxic with LC50 = 12.88 ppm in ethanol solvent, the n-hexane phase has LC50 = 1.77 ppm and the ethyl acetate phase has LC50 = 19.95 ppm. The highest LC50 is in the n-hexane phase with LC50 = 1.77 ppm.Keywords              : Lemon peel, Artemia salina, Citrus limon, Toxicity, BSLT
Pola Peresepan Antibiotik Pada Pasien ISPA Pediatri Di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSU Bhakti Asih Ciledug Fenita Purnama Sari Indah; Nur Hasanah; Fera Prasisca
Edu Masda Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2017): Edu Masda Journal Volume 1 Nomor 1
Publisher : STIKes Kharisma Persada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52118/edumasda.v1i1.6

Abstract

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: ISPA merupakan penyakit yang sering terjadi pada anak. Insidensi menurut kelompok umur balita diperkirakan 0,29 episode per anak/tahun di negara berkembang dan 0,05 episode per anak/tahun dinegara maju. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pola peresepan antibiotik untuk ISPA pada pasien pediatri di instalasi rawat jalan RSU Bhakti Asih Ciledug pada periode Januari – Maret 2017. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif non-eksperimental dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional.  Metode pengumpulan data secara retrospektif yaitu dengan melihat rekam medis pasien dengan diagnosis ISPA di RSU Bhakti Asih Ciledug. Jumlah pasien yang dianalisis sebanyak 52 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu memiliki diagnosis utama ISPA dan menggunakan antibiotik. Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh kasus ISPA pada pediatri sebanyak 52 kasus, terdiri dari 55,77% laki-laki dan 44,23% perempuan. Berdasarkan umur, 0-5 tahun (69,23%), 6-11 tahun (21,15%), dan 12-14 tahun (9,62%). Antibiotik yang diberikan pada pasien pediatri yaitu sefiksim dengan hasil persentase 50,00%, sefadroksil (34,62%), dan azitromisin (15,38%). Golongan antibiotik berdasarkan struktur kimianya yang banyak digunakan adalah golongan Sefalosforin Generasi III (50,00%), Sefalosporin Generasi II (34,62%, dan Makrolida (15,38%). Kesimpulan: Pada jenis antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu sefiksim sebesar 50,00%, dan golongan yang paling banyak digunakan golongan sefalosporin generasi ketiga yaitu sefiksim sebesar 50,00%.Kata Kunci          : Pola Peresepan, Antibiotik, ISPA  ABSTRACTBackground: Upper respiratory infection is the most happened illness in kids. The incidence by age group of children under five estimated 0,29 episode per child/year in developing country and 0,05 episode per child/year in developed country. Objective: to know antibiotic prescribing pattern for pediatric patient with upper respiratory infection in outpatient installation general hospital Bhakti Asih Ciledug between January – March 2017. Methods: This study used descriptive non experimental method with cross-sectional design. Data reseacrh method in retrospective that is by looking source of written data in medical record patient with diagnozed upper respiratory infection in general hospital Bhakti Asih Ciledug. Number of patients are 52 patients that fullfits inclution criteria with main diagnozed is upper respiratory infection and got antibiotic for treatment. Result: The result showed case of upper respiratory infection in pediatrics are 52 cases, with 55,77% males and 44,23% females. Based on age, 0-5 yaears old (69,23%), 6-11 years old (21,15%) and 12-14 years old (9,62%). Treatment of antibiotic to pediatric patient are cefixime with percentage 50,00%, cefadroxil (34,62%) and azithromycin (15,38%). Group of antibiotic based on structure of chemicals whise the most used are third generation of cephalosporin (50,00%), second generation of cephalosporin (34,62%) and macrolide (15,38%).Conclusion: Treatment of antibiotic to pediatric patient as most used are cefixime with percentage 50,00%,and group of antibiotic based on structure of chemicals whise the most used are third generation of cephalosporin (50,00%),Keywords             : Prescribing Pattern, Antibiotic, ISPA

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