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Muhammad Ridwan
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Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal)
Published by BIAR Publisher
ISSN : 26861216     EISSN : 26861208     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33258/bioex
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics
Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal is a peer-reviewed journal published in January, May and September by BIAR Publisher. BIoEx Journal welcomes research paper in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, medical sciences, argicultural sciences and other related fields which is published in both online and printed versions.
Arjuna Subject : Matematika - Matematika (Lain-Lain)
Articles 193 Documents
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Predicting the Borana Lunar-Stellar Calendar: An Astronomical Feature Engineering and Machine Learning Approach Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The Borana calendar of southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya is a unique lunar stellar system where months are defined by new moon conjunctions with specific anchor stars (Triangulum, Pleiades, Aldebaran, Bellatrix, Orion Saiph, Sirius). Unlike arithmetic calendars, it relies on empirical observation by Borana ayyantu (calendar keepers), making prediction challenging. This study aimed to formalize the Borana calendar's astronomical logic using machine learning, predicting new moon conjunction dates, month names (1–12 or intercalary), and day name indices (0–26) from celestial features. Synthetic astronomical data were generated based on synodic month variations, stellar longitudes, and intercalation rules. Features included Moon longitude, angular distance to anchor stars, and cumulative month counts. An LSTM network predicted conjunction dates, while Random Forest classifiers predicted month and day names. Performance was evaluated against baseline arithmetic models. The LSTM achieved Mean Absolute Error of 0.230 days for conjunction dates, improving 7.3% over the mean synodic month baseline. Month classification accuracy reached 94.1%, and day classification 87.5%. Feature importance confirmed angular distance to anchor stars as the strongest predictor. Borana New Year (2027–2070) was predicted between August 18 and October 22. Machine learning successfully captures the Borana calendar's empirical logic, though accurate long term forecasting requires high precision ephemerides and field validation. The framework provides a reproducible methodology for formalizing indigenous timekeeping systems. Future work should integrate JPL ephemerides, ethnographic field data, and open source software tools to support Borana calendar preservation and prediction.
Prioritizing Renewable Energy Systems in Ethiopia: A Fuzzy TOPSIS Framework Incorporating Climate Vulnerability and Grid Constraints Abel Berhanu Sitotaw; Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Ethiopia derives approximately 98% of its electricity from renewable sources, predominantly hydropower. However, climate-induced droughts increasingly threaten hydropower reliability, while grid infrastructure limitations constrain variable renewable integration. Existing energy planning lacks a systematic framework to balance these competing priorities under uncertainty. Purpose: This study develops a fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) framework to prioritize five renewable energy systems large hydropower, wind, solar PV, hybrid solar-wind-battery, and geothermal for Ethiopia, explicitly incorporating climate vulnerability and grid constraints alongside technical, economic, environmental, socio-political, and risk criteria. Method: Triangular fuzzy numbers capture linguistic assessments from policy documents and stakeholder input. Fifteen sub-criteria are evaluated using fuzzy TOPSIS, with criteria weights derived from Ethiopian policy analysis emphasizing climate resilience and grid expansion. Sensitivity analyses test weight variations. Findings: Under baseline weighting (very high climate vulnerability weight), wind ranks first (closeness coefficient 0.645), followed by geothermal (0.614), hybrid (0.559), solar PV (0.506), and large hydropower (0.369). Hydropower’s low ranking results from extreme climate vulnerability, water consumption, and land use penalties. Sensitivity analysis shows hybrid systems become more competitive as grid constraint weight increases, while hydropower’s rank declines further when climate risk is emphasized. Conclusion: Incorporating climate vulnerability fundamentally reverses conventional hydropower-first prioritization. Diversification toward wind, geothermal, and hybrid-battery systems is essential for climate-resilient energy planning. Recommendation: Ethiopian policymakers should cap new large hydropower, accelerate wind and geothermal deployment, and promote hybrid storage solutions for weak-grid areas.
Pi as Cosmic Fingerprint: A Multidisciplinary Review of a Mathematical Constant in Science, Scripture, and the Argument from Design Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The mathematical constant π (approximately 3.14159) appears ubiquitously across geometry, physics, probability, and cosmology. Its universality and non-arbitrariness have prompted philosophical and theological questions about whether π is a human tool, a discovered law, or evidence of design. Purpose: This multidisciplinary review integrates mathematics, physics, astronomy, biblical hermeneutics, theology, and philosophy of science to evaluate the Argument from Design using π. The review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature, scriptural analysis (1 Kings 7:23), and philosophical critiques, including theistic and naturalistic counterarguments. π's universality, logical necessity, and unreasonable effectiveness (Wigner, 1960) are compatible with theism but do not prove it. Major counterarguments include π as human abstraction (Rosen, 2012), logical necessity (Carroll, 2016), no causal connection, God of the gaps (Stenger, 2007), and multiverse hypotheses (Tegmark, 2014). π functions as a "Rorschach test" for worldviews, scientists see a tool, and theologians see a signature. The design argument is probabilistic, not deductive. Future research should integrate empirical studies on mathematical cognition and cross-cultural perceptions of constants.

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