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Journal of Bioprocess Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science
Published by Universitas Riau
ISSN : 27221334     EISSN : 27211894     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Journal of Chemical, Bioprocess and Environmental Engineering Science merupakan Open Access Journal yang menerbitkan naskah dengan topik-topik sebagai berikut: 1) Bioprocess Engineering, 2) Catalytic Reaction Engineering Science, 3) Fundamental of Chemical Engineering and Applied Industry, 4) Industrial Chemical Engineering, 5) Material and Engineering Sciences, 6) Process and Control Engineering, 7) Energy Sciences and Technology, 8) Polymer, Oleo and Petrochemical Technology, 9) Membrane Sciences and Technology, 10) Separation and Purification Technology, 11) Water/Waste Water treatment, 12) Environmental and Safety Technology, 13) Food Processing and Engineering Sciences
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Articles 58 Documents
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Optimasi Proses pirolisis dari Kulit Kayu Akasia Crassicarpa Menjadi Bio-Char menggunakan Metode Respon Surface Methodologi Central Composite Design Darmiyati, Siti; Bahri, Syaiful; Sunarno, Sunarno
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.2.122-131

Abstract

The problem of fossil energy crisis and the increasing carbon emissions have encouraged the search for environmentally friendly alternative energy sources, one of which is through the utilization of biomass into solid fuels such as bio-char. This study aims to optimize the pyrolysis process conditions to produce high-quality bio-char from Acacia crassicarpa bark, a lignocellulosic waste from the forestry industry. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a batch reactor with variations in temperature (400–500°C), residence time (30–60 minutes), and NiMo/NZA catalyst concentration (2–6%) as independent variables. Optimization was carried out using the Response Surface Methodology approach with a Central Composite Design experimental design to obtain the optimum conditions. The results showed that the optimum conditions were obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 400°C, residence time of 30 minutes, and catalyst concentration of 2%, resulting in a bio-char yield of 33.8% with a desirability value of 0.876. Meanwhile, the highest calorific value of 28 MJ/kg was achieved at the same temperature with a residence time of 90 minutes. This value exceeds the minimum standard for solid fuels according to the International Biochar Initiative and the European Biochar Certificate, which are generally in the range of >20–25 MJ/kg. Thus, the resulting bio-char not only has potential as an alternative energy source but also meets quality standards as an efficient and sustainable solid fuel.
Optimasi Proses Pengeringan Vegetable Noodle Menggunakan Tray Dryer Infrared Yulia, Indri; Evelyn; Zahrina, Ida
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.2.132-142

Abstract

Noodles are one of the most popular processed foods due to their convenience, affordability, and ease of preparation. However, conventional noodles are primarily made from wheat flour, which lacks dietary fiber and micronutrients. Therefore, this study aims to develop a more nutritious vegetable-based noodle by incorporating local ingredients such as sago flour and pakcoy. The objective was to evaluate the effect of flour ratio (wheat:sago), drying temperature, and time on the chemical and microstructural properties of pakcoy-based dried noodles using infrared tray drying. The experimental design applied Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). Responses measured included moisture content, protein content, carbohydrate content, FTIR spectral analysis, and surface morphology via SEM. The optimal condition was achieved at a flour ratio of 85:15, drying temperature of 80°C, and 2 hours duration, resulting in 9.66% moisture, 11.79% protein, and 76.41% carbohydrates. FTIR analysis confirmed the preservation of key functional groups of carbohydrates and proteins, while SEM analysis revealed a more compact and uniform surface structure in noodles containing pakcoy. This study recommends the application of infrared drying technology in vegetable noodle processing to improve nutritional value and structural integrity
Kinetika Reaksi Upgrading Bio-oil Melalui Proses Esterifikasi dengan Katalis Biochar Tersulfonasi Febriantoni, Febriantoni; Sunarno; Panca Setia Utama
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.7.1.1-12

Abstract

Development and research related to the utilization of biomass is currently motivated by the depletion of fossil fuel resources. Bio-oil from palm fronds, which is expected to be a renewable energy, can be produced through pyrolysis. However, bio-oil cannot be used directly as fuel because it contains many mixed compounds. Therefore, upgrading with esterification process using variable temperature and sulfonated biochar catalyst is a solution offered in improving the quality of bio-oil. This research studied the kinetics of esterification reaction using sulfonated biochar catalyst and temperature variations (40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C), 4% catalyst concentration, 5:1 molar ratio of methanol: bio-oil to obtain the effect of catalyst use on the temperature used and obtain the reaction rate equation from the use of catalyst based on the validated reaction order. The results concluded that the sulfonated biochar catalyst characterized by SEM test and FTIR test, showed the success of -SOɜH bond and showed the expected changes in surface morphology. The esterification reaction kinetics for bio-oil upgrading with sulfonated biochar catalyst is a pseudo second-order reaction with a value of R² = 0.9483 (valid at a reaction time of 0-60 minutes, if more than that time does not describe the initial kinetic phase) with the reaction rate equation "r" _"A" "=-" 〖"dC" 〗_["AA" ] /"dt" "=" ["16.568.270 " "exp" ⁡("-58.475,7" /"RT" ) 〖"C" _"AA" 〗^"2" ] . Upgraded bio-oil after esterification process has a density of 1.039 g/mL (previously 1.2160 g/mL), viscosity of 4.0331 cP (previously 7.5247 cP), heating value of 15.499 MJ/kg (previously 71.38 J/g) and pH of 7 (previously 3).
Optimasi Derajat Grafting Stiren Akrilik pada Molekul Poli Isoprena Karet Alam untuk Pembuatan Cat Emulsi Briliantina Rossa; Utami, Syelvia Putri; Bahruddin, Bahruddin
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.7.1.1-12

Abstract

Natural rubber modified through graft copolymerization offers improved compatibility and performance for water-based coating applications. This study investigates the optimization of grafting efficiency of styrene–acrylate onto natural rubber latex using a free-radical mechanism. Three processing variables—dry rubber content, styrene–acrylate concentration, and binder proportion—were evaluated using Central Composite Design within the Response Surface Methodology framework. The grafting process was carried out at 60 degrees Celsius for 210 minutes, followed by gravimetric analysis to determine the degree of grafting. Experimental results showed that dry rubber content exerted the most significant effect on grafting efficiency, while styrene–acrylate and binder levels contributed secondary but supportive influences. The response surface model demonstrated strong predictive capability, with an average prediction error of 2.84 percent. Optimal conditions were achieved at 60 percent dry rubber content, 10 percent styrene–acrylate, and approximately 19.7–20 percent binder, yielding a grafting degree of 63.32–64.11 percent in prediction and 64.23–67.21 percent in experimental validation. These findings confirm the effectiveness of controlled grafting to enhance polymer–monomer interactions and improve the performance of natural-rubber-based binders. The optimized grafted latex shows potential for industrial applications in waterborne coatings requiring strong adhesion, improved wash resistance, and stable film properties.
Pengaruh Tinggi Unggun pada Proses Adsorpsi Ion Besi (Fe2+) Menggunakan Adsorben Arang Aktif Batang Bambu Teraktivasi NaOH Al'farisi, Cory Dian; Sri Irianty, Rozzana; Nurfatihayati, Nurfatihayati; Suhendri, Suhendri; Alel, Ariya Eka; Rasyid, Rizky Al; Tobing, Samuel Valentino L
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.7.1.24-32

Abstract

Escalating discharges from metallurgical, textile, and mining industries have led to elevated concentrations of iron (Fe) in aquatic environments, where its persistence and redox activity pose significant risks to water quality and aquatic ecosystems, thereby necessitating the development of efficient and environmentally benign wastewater treatment strategies specifically targeting Fe removal. This study aims to determine the effect of bed height and flow rate on the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency process of iron (Fe²⁺) ions using activated carbon adsorbent derived from bamboo stems and activated with a 0.5 N NaOH solution. Adsorption was conducted in a continuous column system with variations in bed height (15 cm, 20 cm, and 25 cm) and flow rate (2 ml/s, 4 ml/s, and 6 ml/s). The activated carbon was characterized based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995) to maintain product quality, including moisture content, ash content, and iodine number tests. The characterization results indicate that the activated carbon met quality standards, with 7% moisture content, 9% ash content, and an iodine number of 983.475 mg/g. The concentration of iron ions was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the optimal adsorption capacity was obtained at a bed height of 15 cm and a flow rate of 2 mL/s, with a value of 1.114 mg/g, while the highest adsorption efficiency of 93.8% was achieved at a bed height of 25 cm and a flow rate of 2 mL/s.
Pengaruh Glukomanan dalam Perekat Berbasis Polyvinyl Acetate Terhadap Kuat Rekat Kayu Rahmani, Wahyu Suci; Bahruddin, Bahruddin; Utami, Syelvia Putri
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.7.1.33-43

Abstract

Polyvinyl acetate adhesive is widely used in the wood industry; however, its application still relies heavily on synthetic materials. Therefore, modification of polyvinyl acetate with glucomannan was conducted to enhance bonding strength while reducing the use of synthetic adhesives. This study aimed to analyze the effects of glucomannan concentration in the gel, glucomannan gel content, and polyvinyl alcohol content on the bonding strength of wood adhesives, as well as to determine the optimum formulation conditions. The experimental design was conducted using Box Behnken Design with 17 experimental runs, and optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology. Glucomannan gel was blended with polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol, followed by testing of dry bonding strength, wet bonding strength, and total solid content. The results showed that increasing glucomannan concentration in the gel decreased bonding strength, while increasing glucomannan gel content enhanced bonding strength up to an optimum level and declined at higher concentrations. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol significantly improved the bonding strength of glucomannan–polyvinyl acetate-based adhesives. The optimum conditions were obtained at a glucomannan concentration in the gel of 10% (w/w), glucomannan gel content of 31.38% (w/w), and polyvinyl alcohol content of 3.73% (w/w), resulting in a dry bonding strength of 16.97 MPa, wet bonding strength of 5.44 MPa, and TSC of 39.88%.
Pengaruh Organic Loading Rate (OLR) Tepung Porang terhadap Kinetika Pertumbuhan mikroorganisme Anaerobik Hotnida Butar Butar; Ahmad, Adrianto; Bahruddin, Bahruddin
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.7.1.44-53

Abstract

Initial substrate concentration (S0) governs the balance between substrate availability, microbial growth, and biomass decay in anaerobic digestion systems. From a bioprocess engineering perspective, inappropriate initial organic load selection leads to misinterpretation of reactor performance when evaluation relies solely on macroscopic indicators. This study applies a Monod-decay kinetic framework to systematically analyze microbial responses to varying initial organic load of konjac flour in batch anaerobic reactors. Initial substrate concentration was modified by adjusting substrate concentration while maintaining identical operational conditions to ensure model consistency. Times-series data of COD, VSS, VFA, alkalinity, and pH were used for parameter estimation through nonlinear regression. Model fitting demonstrated that incorporation of biomass decay significantly improved representation of experimental dynamics, particularly under elevated to initial organic load conditions. Although higher initial organic load increased apparent organic conversion, kinetic parameters revealed a shift toward maintenance-dominated metabolism, reflected by elevated decay coefficients and diminished effective growth rates. Conversely, intermediate initial organic load provided an optimal kinetic window characterized by stable substrate affinity and lower decay intensity. These results confirm that yield formation and COD partitioning are governed by kinetic constrains rather than substrate availability alone. The study highlights the necessity of decay-inclusive models for accurate interpretation and rational design of anaerobic bioprocesses operating under variable organic load.
Pengaruh Variasi Delignifikasi NaOH dan Variasi Hidrolisis H2SO4 Terhadap Produksi Bioetanol dari Limbah Umbi Porang Menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae Marliaty, Toety; Ahmad, Adrianto; Bahruddin, Bahruddin
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.7.1.54-66

Abstract

Second-generation bioethanol from non-food biomass requires pretreatment and hydrolysis conditions that increase fermentable sugar release while keeping the hydrolysate suitable for fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of NaOH delignification (1–2% v/v) and dilute H₂SO₄ hydrolysis (0.25–0.75% v/v) on sugar formation and ethanol production from porang tuber waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Porang chips (60 mesh) were pretreated at 100°C for 60 min at a 1:10 (w/v) solid-to-liquid ratio, washed to near-neutral pH, and subsequently hydrolyzed at 100°C for 60 min at 1:20 (w/v). Structural carbohydrates were quantified by the Chesson–Datta method, reducing sugars by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and ethanol by distillation followed by refractometry. NaOH at 1.5% resulted in the most favorable compositional change, increasing cellulose to 55.3% and reducing lignin to 7.0%. The highest initial glucose in the hydrolysate (41.22 g/L) and the best ethanol performance were obtained at NaOH 1.5%–H₂SO₄ 0.5%, reaching 8.62 g/L ethanol, a yield (Yp/s) of 0.434 g/g, and 85.0% of the theoretical yield. Overall, within the tested NaOH–H₂SO₄ ranges, moderate pretreatment and hydrolysis levels provided a practical balance between sugar release and fermentation performance at bench scale. Measurement variability and uncertainty (replicates and dispersion metrics) are reported in the Results to support the observed trends

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