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Journal of Bioprocess Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science
Published by Universitas Riau
ISSN : 27221334     EISSN : 27211894     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Journal of Chemical, Bioprocess and Environmental Engineering Science merupakan Open Access Journal yang menerbitkan naskah dengan topik-topik sebagai berikut: 1) Bioprocess Engineering, 2) Catalytic Reaction Engineering Science, 3) Fundamental of Chemical Engineering and Applied Industry, 4) Industrial Chemical Engineering, 5) Material and Engineering Sciences, 6) Process and Control Engineering, 7) Energy Sciences and Technology, 8) Polymer, Oleo and Petrochemical Technology, 9) Membrane Sciences and Technology, 10) Separation and Purification Technology, 11) Water/Waste Water treatment, 12) Environmental and Safety Technology, 13) Food Processing and Engineering Sciences
Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
Articles 52 Documents
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Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Katalis Nikel Zeolit Alam Ni/NZA Bahri, Syaiful; Saputra, Edy; Herman, Syamsu; Muhdarina, Muhdarina
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 5 No 1 (2024): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.5.1.36-45

Abstract

Research has been conducted to manufacture Ni/NZA for catalytic cracking of empty palm fruit bunches into liquid fuel. The study aims to investigate the impact of metal impregnation and calcination time variations on catalyst crystallinity and morphology. The catalyst is produced in multiple stages, including NZ activation using acid, followed by metal impregnation at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% w/w, and calcination at 500oC for 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively. It is then oxidized at 400oC for 2 hours and reduced at 400oC for 2 hours. The catalyst's crystallinity, morphology, and metal distribution are determined through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The catalyst with the best crystallinity and metal distribution is found to have 3% metal loading and a calcination time of 2 hours.
Effectiveness of Combined Shallot Skin Compost and NPK Fertilizer on Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) Plants in Ultisol Soil Simbolon, Teddy Aryanto; Mutryarny, Enny; Purnama, Indra
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.1.1-12

Abstract

The cultivation of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is important due to its widespread use in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in everyday cooking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining shallot skin compost and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper plants grown in Ultisol soil. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a factorial arrangement, with two factors: shallot skin compost (0, 200, 400 g per polybag) and NPK fertilizer (0, 13, 25 g per polybag), each replicated three times. The observed parameters included plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, fruit count, and fruit weight. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Results indicated that the application of 200 g of shallot skin compost and 25 g of NPK fertilizer per polybag significantly improved plant height, stem diameter, and overall fruit production. Furthermore, a significant interaction between shallot skin compost and NPK fertilizer was observed, particularly in terms of fruit yield and weight. This study suggests that combining organic and inorganic fertilizers can enhance the productivity of cayenne pepper plants in Ultisol soil, offering a sustainable approach to increasing crop yield. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of these treatments on soil health and plant growth.
Simulasi Reaktor Elektrokoagulasi Plate Column Berpengaduk Secara Kontinu Berbasis CFD Pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Amelisa, Tika; Amri, Idral; Sunarno, Sunarno
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.1.13-25

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent continues to increases in line with the increase in palm oil production in Indonesia. Therefore, another alternative technology is needed such as the continuous stirred plate column electrocoagulation. Many laboratory scale studies have been carried out. CFD simulation is used as an advanced technology in treating palm oil mill effluent. The objective for this study is to Obtain optimum equipment design conditions for an electrocoagulation reactor using CFD, see the phenomena that occur due to the influence of flow rate variables and electrode distance, and see the trajectory of the solution profile in the reactor. This study was done based on Software Ansys Fluent Version 16.2 64 program with the k-ɛ standard turbulence model. After doing pre-processing, solving and post-processing steps in simulation, then the result of this simulation is analyze. The simulation results obtained were optimal conditions at a flow rate of 0.4 L/min and a plate distance of 2 cm with consecutive residence time values of 2.77; 4.0; and 3.88 hours. In the variation in the influence of flow rate, it can be seen that the phenomenon that the faster the flow rate, the greater the turbulence. In the variation of electrode distance, it can be seen that the phenomenon of electrode distance affects the level of turbulence in the reactor, too far a distance can cause the flow to be too slow. The latter is that the CFD model can accurately predict the trajectory of the solution profile in the stirred plate column electrocoagulation reactor.
Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Sintesis Kristal Hidroksiapatit (HAp) terhadap Diameter Kristal yang Disintesis dari Precipitated Calciul Carbonate (PCC) Kulit Telur Ayam Secara Hidrotermal Faradila, Harfiah; Yelmida, Yelmida; Fadli, Ahmad
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.1.40-50

Abstract

In Indonesia, the incidence of bone fractures in 2018 was approximately nine million, with various types of fractures and causes. Hydroxyapatite, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ or HAp, is one of the bioceramics commonly used in biomedical applications due to its composition, it has biocompatible and osteoconductive properties and integrates well with bone. The aim of this research is to determine the time required to produce hydroxyapatite (HAp) diameter through the growth of HAp crystals from chicken egg shells. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of reaction temperature (120 and 140°C) and hydrothermal reaction time (1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 hours) on the crystal growth of apatite compounds from Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) of chicken eggshells. Technically, PCC has advantages such as small particle size (microscale) and homogeneity. HAp is made from PCC and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH₄)₂HPO₄ as a phosphate source in the hydrothermal vessel.The HAp produced is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The HAp crystals obtained are hexagonal in shape with significant precision in the crystalline details of Holly Springs Hydroxyapatite. The good condition process to produced highest crystal diameter of HAp was achieved at a temperature of 140°C, measuring 33.29 nm, with a reaction time of 9 hours. Thus, the higher the reaction temperature and the longer the synthesis time, the larger the HAp crystal diameter
Kajian Efisiensi Penyisihan BOD pada Start-Up Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Menggunakan Substrat Limbah Cair Pabrik Sagu Handayani, K.H Sri; Ahmad, Adrianto; Bahruddin
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.1.51-61

Abstract

The Meranti Islands Regency is renowned as one of the largest sago flour producers in Indonesia, with a total production of 202,186 tons of sago per year and wastewater production reaching 40,000 liters. The microorganism Enterobacter aerogenes is a facultative anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacterium through dark fermentation of sago liquid waste. This study aims to determine study on bod removal efficiency during the start-up phase of a hybrid anaerobic bioreactor, identify the biological oxygen demand (BOD) loading rate during start-up, and evaluate the BOD removal efficiency in the start-up phase. The sago wastewater was characterized for its BOD, pH, and VSS content before treatment. The first phase involved preparing cow dung extract, which serves as a medium. The second phase focused on biomass seeding and acclimatization using a sago medium. The acclimatization process utilized a daily discharge-and-fill method of 200 mL (total acclimatization volume of 12.5 L). Samples from the acclimatization process were analyzed for potential of hydrogen (pH) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) values. If the acclimatized VSS values were below 10%, the third phase (start-up phase) was initiated. The start-up phase was operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 48 hours. Output samples were analyzed for pH, VSS, and %BOD values until a consistent %BOD value below 10% was achieved. The final stage involved data collection for analyzing the kinetics of microorganism cell growth. The specific growth kinetics value (µ) of the mixed-culture microorganism cells during the start-up phase calculated with a result of μ=0.00617. The highest BOD loading rate during the start-up phase occurred at the 1st hydraulic retention time (HRT), reaching 6.54 kg/m³/day, accompanied by the lowest BOD removal efficiency of 18.76%. In contrast, the lowest BOD loading rate was recorded at the 11th HRT, at 0.704 kg/m³/day, achieving the highest BOD removal efficiency of 91.26%.
Kapasitas Adsorpsi dan Efektivitas Karbon Aktif Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) untuk Mengadsorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga (Cu2+) Nurfatihayati, Nurfatihayati; Irianty, Rozanna Sri; Winarno, Winarno; Yani, Oktavia Dewa; Al'farisi, Cory Dian
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.1.51-61

Abstract

Palm fronds waste have a carbon content of 81.25%, which is quite high, making them suitable for use as activated carbon adsorbents that are beneficial for anticipating or minimizing the occurrence of Cu2+ ion pollution in the environment. This research aims to analyze the effect of contact time and mass of palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent on the adsorption of Cu2+ ions, the adsorption capacity of the palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent, and the effectiveness of the palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent in adsorbing Cu2+ ions. The research stages began with preparing palm frond samples with a size of (-80/+100) mesh, which was then activated with H3PO4 and 3M HCl for 24 hours. Based on the results, the best adsorbent characteristics used H3PO4 as the activator. The adsorption process was carried out with mass variations (10, 15, 20) g, contact times of (30, 60, 90, 120) minutes with a stirring speed of 90 rpm, and an adsorbate concentration of copper ions (Cu2+) of 10 mg/L. The optimal adsorption capacity obtained with the H3PO4 activator was at a contact time of 90 minutes with an adsorbent mass of 10 g, amounting to 0.965 mg/g. The highest adsorption effectiveness was found at a contact time of 90 minutes with an adsorbent amount of 20 g of palm frond activated carbon, which was 99.76%.
Sintesis Nitroselulosa dari Serat Daun Nanas sebagai Sumber α-Selulosa untuk Bahan Baku Pembuatan Propelan Al'farisi, Cory Dian; Padil, Padil; Yelmida A.; Nurfatihayati, Nurfatihayati
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.2.72-82

Abstract

Nitrocellulose is an important compound in the chemical industry, which has various crucial applications, such as the main ingredient for making quality paint, ink, and coating formulations in the printing process, as well as a propellant (explosive). Nitrocellulose as a raw propellant material is currently very popular. In this research, pineapple leaf waste has been processed as a raw material for making nitrocellulose through a nitration process. The research aims to determine the effect of the nitration process's length and the nitrating acid's composition on nitrocellulose's nitrogen content. Before the nitration process, an initial process is carried out, namely pre-treatment of pineapple fiber to obtain fiber with a cellulose purity of >92%. In the nitration process, the ratio of titrating acid (H₂SO₄:HNO₃) used is 1:3, 1:2, 2:1, 7:3, and 3:1 with a nitration time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results obtained in this research were that the pre-treatment process was able to increase the purity of cellulose in pineapple fiber by up to 93%. Then the 2:1 titrating acid formulation (H₂SO₄:HNO₃) is the best acid ratio formulation. Meanwhile, the optimum time for nitration is 60 minutes, with a nitrogen content in nitrocellulose of 12.73%. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis shows that there has been an exchange of hydroxyl groups in nitrocellulose with nitro groups, which is indicated by the presence of a peak indicating the nitro group. Apart from that, the burning test also showed that nitrocellulose can be burned faster than cellulose
Optimasi Proses Cooking Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Metode Soda Metilantrakuinon (MAQ) dan Digester Liquor Tersirkulasi untuk Produksi Dissolving Pulp Fadila, Rawdatul; Evelyn; Zahrina, Ida
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.2.83-99

Abstract

Dissolving pulp is a raw material in the textile, plastic, and other cellulose-derived products industries, which has a high content of α-cellulose (≥90%), high degree of brightness, low hemicellulose and lignin content. Demand for dissolving pulp continues to increase, so a sustainable alternative raw material source is required. Empty bunches from oil palm industry waste can potentially be processed into dissolving pulp. This study aims to determine the effect of cooking temperature, cooking time and NaOH concentration on yield, kappa number and viscosity and to obtain the optimum conditions for cooking oil palm empty bunches for dissolving pulp using 2-methylantraquinone (MAQ) soda with a circulating liquor digester. Prehydrolysis of the raw materials was conducted at 150 °C for 180 min, followed by soda cooking with 0.1% MAQ at 140–160 °C for 120–240 min using NaOH concentrations of 10–20%. Optimization was conducted using Design Expert software with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model Central Composite Design (CCD). Pulp from the cooking process produced yields with a range of 23.4-51.56%, kappa numbers of 6.97-19.44 and viscosity of 6.21-9.13 cP. Optimal conditions were obtained from RSM at 160°C, 120 minutes cooking time, and 20% NaOH concentration, with an estimated yield of 46.9%, kappa number of 10.22, and viscosity of 7.06 cP. This study confirms that the production of dissolving pulp from oil palm empty fruit bunches for dissolving pulp with MAQ soda process and circulating digester liquor was successfully carried out.
Tinjauan Pengaruh Suhu dan Massa Katalis Terhadap Yield Bio-Oil Hasil Pirolisis Ampas Tebu (Sugarcane Bagasse) Oktaviani, Oktaviani; Bahri, Syaiful; Sunarno, Sunarno
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.2.100-109

Abstract

Sugarcane bagasse, as lignocellulosic biomass waste, has great potential for producing bio-oil through pyrolysis, which is the process of converting biomass into bio-oil, biochar, and gas. However, the main challenge in bio-oil production is reducing oxygen content and improving its quality. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of temperature and catalyst use on bio-oil yield from sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis. The method used was a literature review, collecting quantitative data from various relevant studies on sugarcane bagasse pyrolysis and its operational conditions. The results showed that a temperature of 500°C yielded the optimal bio-oil yield of 60.4%, with higher temperatures increasing calorific value but reducing oxygen content. Additionally, the use of a catalyst can reduce oxygen content and improve bio-oil quality. In conclusion, temperature and the selection of the appropriate catalyst play a key role in improving the quality and efficiency of bio-oil production from sugarcane bagasse, which can support efforts toward transitioning to more sustainable energy sources.
Optimasi Bio-char Hasil Proses Katalitik Pirolisis Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE) Menggunakan Katalis NiMo/NZA dengan Pendekatan RSM Sihotang, Fernando; Bahri, Syaiful; Saputra, Edy
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.2.110-121

Abstract

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has driven interest in biomass-based alternatives, particularly bio-char derived from palm kernel expeller (PKE), an abundant by-product of Indonesia’s palm oil industry. This study aims to optimize bio-char production through catalytic pyrolysis of PKE using a NiMo/NZA catalyst, employing a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. Key variables investigated include T (°C) (400–500 °C), catalyst loading (2–6%), and metal loading (0–4% wt). The NiMo/NZA catalyst was synthesized through acid activation, metal impregnation, and thermal treatment, and its structure was confirmed using FTIR analysis. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor under nitrogen and hydrogen atmospheres. The highest bio-char yield of 39.38% was obtained at 400 °C with 2% catalyst and 4% metal loading. Optimization modeling using Minitab v.22 indicated that the optimal conditions were at 400 °C, 6% catalyst, and 2.91% metal loading, resulting in a predicted yield of 36.82% with a desirability of 0.979. Statistical analysis showed a significant influence of catalyst and metal loading over temperature on bio-char yield (p-value < 0.05; Adjusted R² = 0.9236). These results support the potential of catalytic pyrolysis with tailored catalysts to enhance bio-char production from palm biomass, contributing to waste valorization and renewable fuel development.

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