cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
RACHMAT HIDAYAT
Contact Email
hanifmedisiana@gmail.com
Phone
+6287837160809
Journal Mail Official
journalanesthesiology@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Jl. Sirna Raga no 99, 8 Ilir, Ilir Timur 3, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
Location
Kota palembang,
Sumatera selatan
INDONESIA
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Published by HM Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27459497     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37275/jacr
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research/JACR that focuses on anesthesiology; pain management; intensive care; emergency medicine; disaster management; pharmacology; physiology; clinical practice research; and palliative medicine.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Articles 123 Documents
 9   10   11   12   13 
Prognostic Value of Retinal Microvascular Alterations Detected by Fundus Examination in Critically Ill Patients: A Meta-Analysis Ramzi Amin; Faiz Muhammad Ikhsan
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v5i2.728

Abstract

Introduction: The ocular fundus provides a unique window into the human microcirculation. Retinal microvascular alterations (RMVAs), such as hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and vessel caliber changes, are observed in critically ill patients and may reflect systemic microvascular dysfunction, a key element in the pathophysiology of critical illness and organ failure. However, the prognostic significance of these findings in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting remains uncertain due to variability among individual studies. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the association between RMVAs detected by fundus examination and mortality in critically ill adult patients. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for observational studies published between January 1st, 2013, and December 31st, 2023. Studies evaluating the association between RMVAs during ICU stay and mortality in adult ICU patients were included. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data on the presence versus absence of any significant RMVA and mortality were pooled using a random-effects model to calculate an overall odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic and Cochrane's Q test. Results: Our search yielded 1,872 unique records, of which 28 were assessed in full text. Six cohort studies, published between 2015 and 2023, met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 1,358 critically ill patients. The included studies varied in population characteristics (medical, surgical, mixed ICUs) and methods of RMVA assessment. The overall quality of included studies was moderate to good (median NOS score 7, range 6-8). The prevalence of any significant RMVA ranged from 18% to 45% across studies. The pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between the presence of any RMVA detected on fundus examination and increased odds of mortality (Pooled OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.65–3.71; p < 0.0001). Moderate heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I² = 58%; p = 0.03 for Cochran's Q test). Conclusion: The presence of retinal microvascular alterations identified through fundus examination during ICU stay is significantly associated with an increased risk of short-term mortality in critically ill adult patients. These alterations may serve as an accessible marker of underlying systemic microvascular pathology and disease severity. Further large-scale, prospective studies with standardized protocols are warranted to confirm these findings and explore the utility of specific retinal signs.
Purtscher-like Retinopathy in Critically Ill Patients (Non-Traumatic Etiologies): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Incidence, Associated Conditions, and Visual Outcomes Ramzi Amin; Dina Fatwa
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v5i1.732

Abstract

Introduction: Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR) is an occlusive microvasculopathy presenting with funduscopic findings similar to Purtscher's retinopathy but occurring in the absence of direct head or chest trauma. Its association with various systemic conditions, particularly those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, is recognized, but comprehensive data on its incidence, spectrum of associated non-traumatic critical illnesses, and visual prognosis in this specific population remain sparse. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to estimate the incidence of PLR among critically ill patients with non-traumatic conditions, identify commonly associated systemic diseases, and quantify visual outcomes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from January 1st, 2013, to December 31st, 2023, for studies reporting PLR in critically ill adult patients admitted for non-traumatic reasons. Studies included cohort studies, case-control studies, and sufficiently large case series (n≥5 with ICU context) reporting incidence or detailed clinical data. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled incidence of PLR, associated conditions, and final visual acuity (logMAR) were synthesized. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis due to anticipated heterogeneity. Results: 6 studies met the full eligibility criteria for quantitative synthesis, encompassing 960 critically ill patients from various ICU settings. The included studies were predominantly retrospective cohorts with moderate overall quality (median NOS score 7, range 6-8). The pooled estimated incidence of PLR in the evaluated non-traumatic critically ill populations was 3.4% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.1% - 5.5%), exhibiting substantial heterogeneity (I² = 80%, p < 0.001). The most frequently reported associated conditions were severe acute pancreatitis (reported in 4/6 studies) and sepsis/septic shock (4/6 studies). Other identified associations included acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy, HELLP syndrome in post-partum patients admitted to ICU, and systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome flares requiring intensive care. Visual outcomes were generally poor; the pooled mean final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.85 logMAR (approx. Snellen 20/140; 95% CI: 0.65 - 1.05 logMAR), again with significant heterogeneity (I² = 75%). Approximately 45% of affected eyes had a final BCVA of less than 20/200. Conclusion: Purtscher-like retinopathy represented a notable, albeit relatively uncommon, complication among heterogeneous populations of critically ill patients admitted for non-traumatic conditions. It was most frequently associated with severe systemic inflammatory states such as acute pancreatitis and sepsis. Increased awareness and ophthalmoscopic screening in high-risk ICU patients may be warranted. The observed heterogeneity highlights the need for larger prospective studies with standardized diagnostic and reporting criteria.
Management of Bungarus sp. Envenomation Presenting as Rapidly Progressing Respiratory Failure: An Intensive Care Case Report Mohammad Sutami; Wiwi Jaya; Eka Oktaviana Hirda
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v6i1.746

Abstract

Introduction: Envenomation by snakes of the Bungarus genus (kraits) represents a critical medical emergency, particularly prevalent in South and Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. Krait venom is primarily neurotoxic, often containing potent presynaptic toxins (β-bungarotoxins) that disrupt neuromuscular transmission, leading to rapidly progressive descending paralysis. Respiratory failure due to diaphragmatic and intercostal muscle paralysis is the most life-threatening complication, necessitating immediate and expert intensive care management. Case presentation: We report the case of a 55-year-old Indonesian male who presented to the emergency department approximately five hours after being bitten on his right hand by a snake suspected to be a Weling (Bungarus sp.). He exhibited rapidly deteriorating neurological function, including dysarthria and decreased consciousness, progressing swiftly to acute respiratory failure with paradoxical breathing and hypoxia. Emergent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were instituted. Subsequent management in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) involved continued ventilatory support, administration of polyvalent snake antivenom (SABU), sedation, broad-spectrum antibiotics for complicating pneumonia, and comprehensive supportive care. Nerve conduction studies later confirmed bilateral phrenic nerve palsy and severe sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. Conclusion: This case highlights the fulminant respiratory failure characteristic of severe Bungarus envenomation. Prompt recognition, aggressive airway management, and mechanical ventilation are paramount lifesaving interventions. While antivenom administration is a standard therapy, its efficacy in reversing established presynaptic neuromuscular blockade remains debated, underscoring the critical role of prolonged ventilatory support and meticulous ICU care until neuromuscular function recovers, which can be significantly delayed due to the nature of presynaptic toxins. This case reinforces the need for high vigilance and resource preparedness in managing neurotoxic snakebites in endemic regions.
Critical Care Approach to Severe Tetanus with Septic Shock: A Case Report Veva Wulandari; Aswoco Andyk Asmoro
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v6i1.747

Abstract

Introduction: Tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani neurotoxin, remains a life-threatening condition, particularly in regions with suboptimal vaccination coverage. Severe tetanus often necessitates intensive care unit (ICU) admission due to profound muscle spasms, respiratory failure, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Concomitant septic shock further complicates management and worsens prognosis. This report details the critical care management of a patient presenting with severe tetanus complicated by septic shock. Case presentation: A 41-year-old male presented with generalized muscle rigidity, trismus, and recurrent severe spasms following a puncture wound from bamboo 10 days prior. He had no prior tetanus immunization history. Upon admission, he exhibited signs of respiratory distress (Sp90% on a 15L non-rebreather mask) and septic shock (tachycardia, hypotension requiring vasopressors, SOFA score 7). Diagnosis of severe tetanus (Ablett Grade III) with respiratory failure and septic shock was made. Management involved immediate intubation, mechanical ventilation, administration of human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG), intravenous metronidazole, aggressive sedation with benzodiazepines (diazepam infusion) and neuromuscular blockade (vecuronium infusion), hemodynamic support with intravenous fluids and noradrenaline infusion, early tracheostomy, and comprehensive supportive care including nutritional support and VTE prophylaxis. His ICU stay was complicated by autonomic instability and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Conclusion: Managing severe tetanus complicated by septic shock requires a prompt, multidisciplinary critical care approach. Key elements include securing the airway, controlling spasms and rigidity, neutralizing toxins, eradicating the source, managing autonomic instability, aggressive sepsis management according to current guidelines, and providing meticulous supportive care. Despite significant challenges, a favorable outcome is possible with comprehensive ICU management.
Successful Application of Non-Invasive Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure Complicating Thyroid Storm-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A Case Report Muhammad Priangga Akbar; Arie Zainul Fatoni
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v6i1.752

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis characterized by severe multisystem organ dysfunction, including cardiovascular collapse and respiratory failure. Acute pulmonary edema is a recognized but challenging complication, often stemming from high-output cardiac failure or tachyarrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) offers a crucial therapeutic modality for acute respiratory failure by improving oxygenation, reducing the work of breathing, and providing beneficial hemodynamic effects, potentially obviating the need for endotracheal intubation. Case presentation: We present the case of a 23-year-old female who developed acute hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to acute pulmonary edema precipitated by a thyroid storm, occurring post-operatively after a ureterorenoscopy. She presented with severe dyspnea, tachycardia (atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response), tachypnea, and significant hypoxemia (PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio of 106.4). Diagnosis of thyroid storm was confirmed by elevated free thyroxine (FT4), suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and a Burch-Wartofsky Point Scale (BWPS) score of 80. The patient was managed with NIV, alongside standard medical therapy for thyroid storm, including antithyroid drugs, beta-blockers, iodine solution, and corticosteroids. Conclusion: NIV was successfully utilized as primary respiratory support, leading to rapid clinical and radiological improvement, resolution of respiratory failure, and avoidance of invasive mechanical ventilation. The PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio improved to 260 within four days. This case highlights the efficacy and safety of early NIV initiation in patients with acute respiratory failure due to pulmonary edema in the complex setting of thyroid storm.
Navigating the Nexus: Anesthetic Management of Craniotomy for Brain Abscess in a Pediatric Patient with Uncorrected Tetralogy of Fallot Anak Agung Ngurah Aryawangsa; Ida Bagus Krisna Jaya Sutawan
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v6i1.766

Abstract

Introduction: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most prevalent cyanotic congenital heart disease, predisposing patients to brain abscesses via right-to-left shunting that bypasses pulmonary bacterial filtration. Anesthetic management for craniotomy in pediatric patients with uncorrected TOF and a concurrent brain abscess presents a formidable challenge, requiring meticulous integration of neuroanesthetic and cardiac anesthetic principles. Literature detailing comprehensive perioperative anesthetic strategies for this specific dual pathology remains scarce. Case presentation: An 11-year-old male with uncorrected TOF and a large left frontoparietal brain abscess with significant mass effect underwent emergent craniotomy and abscess evacuation. Preoperative echocardiography confirmed TOF with severe pulmonary stenosis and right-to-left shunting. Anesthetic induction was achieved with titrated ketamine and propofol, followed by fentanyl and rocuronium. Maintenance involved sevoflurane, oxygen-air mixture, and intermittent fentanyl and rocuronium, focusing on normovolemia, normocapnia to slight hypocapnia, and invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Phenylephrine was utilized for blood pressure support. The perioperative period was uneventful, with the patient experiencing no neurological or cardiac complications. Conclusion: This case underscores the critical importance of a tailored anesthetic approach, integrating neuroprotective strategies with meticulous cardiovascular management, in children with uncorrected TOF undergoing major neurosurgery. Comprehensive preoperative assessment, vigilant intraoperative monitoring, strategic pharmacological interventions, and a deep understanding of the complex pathophysiology are paramount to preventing cyanotic spells, managing intracranial pressure, and ensuring a successful outcome in this high-risk cohort.
Neuroprotective General Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section in a Patient with Obstructive Hydrocephalus from a Vestibular Schwannoma Reza Ariestyawan Ramadhan; Isngadi; Buyung Hartiyo Laksono
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v6i2.774

Abstract

Introduction: The confluence of advanced pregnancy and a large intracranial neoplasm presents a profound clinical challenge. This report details the management of a parturient with a vestibular schwannoma causing obstructive hydrocephalus and critical intracranial hypertension (ICP), a scenario where standard obstetric anesthetic practices are absolutely contraindicated. Case presentation: A 35-year-old G3P1 parturient at 36 weeks gestation with progressive blindness from a vestibular schwannoma presented for an emergency cesarean section due to fetal compromise. With clear signs of severe ICP, general anesthesia was administered. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and atracurium and maintained with sevoflurane and a remifentanil infusion, a regimen selected for maternal neuroprotection and fetal safety. Invasive arterial and central venous pressure monitoring guided hemodynamic management to ensure cerebral perfusion. A healthy infant was delivered. The family declined postoperative neurosurgery; the patient was managed conservatively with medical therapy and discharged in stable condition, with long-term follow-up confirming favorable maternal and infant outcomes. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that a meticulously planned general anesthetic, centered on neuroprotective principles and guided by advanced physiological monitoring, can ensure a safe outcome for both mother and child in the face of critical intracranial hypertension. This success underscores the paramount importance of a deep pathophysiological understanding and seamless multidisciplinary collaboration.
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy with Respiratory Failure: A Case Report on the Clinical Course Following a Single Session of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Wirjapratama Putra; Septian Adi Permana; Ellen Josephine Handoko
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v6i2.775

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a severe, immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy. The acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) variant, characterized by a direct antibody attack on motor axons, often leads to rapid, severe paralysis. Standard immunotherapy for severe GBS involves a multi-session course of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) or Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg). Case presentation: We present the case of a 68-year-old male with rapidly progressive GBS, confirmed as the AMAN subtype through clinical, cerebrospinal, and electrophysiological findings. The patient developed flaccid quadriparesis and acute respiratory failure, necessitating emergent intubation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Following a single, large-volume session of TPE, a marked and rapid clinical improvement was observed. The patient was successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation and transferred from the ICU within three days of the intervention. Conclusion: This case documents a noteworthy temporal association between a single TPE session and rapid clinical recovery in a patient with ventilator-dependent AMAN-GBS. While a causal relationship cannot be definitively established due to the disease's natural history, the observation prompts a deep exploration of the underlying pathophysiology. The discussion theorizes how a single, well-timed intervention might profoundly disrupt the autoimmune cascade by affecting peak antibody titers, complement activation, and cytokine kinetics.
Dexmedetomidine versus Lidocaine for Hemodynamic Stability During Airway Management in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial Shallahudin; Aswoco Andyk Asmoro; Ristiawan Muji Laksono; Buyung Hartiyo Laksono
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v6i2.787

Abstract

Introduction: The profound sympathoadrenal stress response to endotracheal intubation in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a significant risk for secondary brain injury by inducing perilous hemodynamic instability. Pharmacological attenuation is critical, yet direct comparative evidence between commonly used agents is lacking. This study aimed to rigorously compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine, a central sympatholytic, versus lidocaine, a peripheral membrane stabilizer, in maintaining hemodynamic stability during airway management in the TBI population. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, seventy-one adult patients with TBI (ASA I-III) were allocated to receive either intravenous dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg over 10 minutes; n=37) or intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg over 2 minutes, with total infusion time matched to 10 minutes with saline; n=34) prior to a standardized anesthesia induction. The prespecified primary outcome was the change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from baseline to one minute post-intubation. Secondary outcomes included changes in heart rate (HR) and hemodynamic profiles over 10 minutes. Results: Baseline patient characteristics, including TBI severity, were well-balanced between groups. Both interventions effectively blunted the pressor response, causing a significant decrease in MAP and HR from baseline (p<0.001 for all). The primary outcome, the change in MAP at one minute post-intubation, was not statistically different between the dexmedetomidine and lidocaine groups (-12.8 ± 6.1 mmHg vs. -11.5 ± 5.9 mmHg, respectively; p=0.412). Similarly, no significant differences in HR or MAP were observed between groups at any time point up to 10 minutes post-intubation. The incidence of rescue therapy for hypotension or bradycardia was low and comparable. Conclusion: In patients with TBI, both dexmedetomidine and lidocaine are effective and safe for attenuating the hemodynamic stress of intubation. At the doses studied, neither agent demonstrated clinical superiority, providing clinicians with two valid, mechanistically distinct options. The choice can therefore be guided by the specific clinical context, including desired onset, duration of action, and sedative profile.
Early Risk Stratification in a High-Mortality Study of Adult Trauma Patients: A Comparative Validation of RTS, SI, and ISS Denny Prasetyo; Arie Zainul Fatoni; Ristiawan Muji Laksono; Buyung Hartiyo Laksono
Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/jacr.v6i2.788

Abstract

Introduction: Accurate, early risk stratification is paramount in managing severe trauma, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of the revised trauma score (RTS), shock index (SI), and injury severity score (ISS) for in-hospital mortality in a group of severely injured adult trauma patients at a tertiary center in Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a purposively selected study population of 100 adult trauma patients (age 20-60) admitted to the Emergency Department of Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional General Hospital over a three-month period in 2023. This selection method yielded a high-mortality sample (50% mortality) to ensure sufficient statistical power for analyzing fatal outcomes. The predictive performance of RTS, SI, and ISS was evaluated using individual logistic regression models. Discriminatory ability was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for each score. Model calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: All three scoring systems were significant predictors of mortality in individual regression analyses. The injury severity score (ISS) demonstrated the highest discriminatory power for predicting mortality with an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81-0.95). The revised trauma score (RTS) also showed good discrimination with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75-0.91). The Shock Index (SI) was a significant predictor but had the most modest discriminatory ability with an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67-0.85). All models were well-calibrated. Conclusion: In this study of severely injured adult trauma patients, the anatomically-based ISS was the most accurate predictor of mortality. The physiological scores, RTS and SI, remain valuable for their utility in rapid, initial patient assessment. The findings support a complementary approach, using the simple physiological scores for immediate triage and the more comprehensive ISS for definitive prognostication.

Page 11 of 13 | Total Record : 123

 9   10   11   12   13 

Filter by Year

2020 2025


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2021): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2020): Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research More Issue