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INDONESIA
Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 8 Documents
Search results for , issue "Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret" : 8 Documents clear
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN LARUTAN ASAM BASA BERBASIS PENDEKATAN MMS (MAKROSKOPIK MIKROSKOPIK SIMBOLIK) DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN Rina Aprianti; Wildan Wildan; Muntari Muntari
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (229.988 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v6i1.117

Abstract

Abstrak : Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul dan perangkat pembelajaran Larutan Asam Basa berbasis pendekatan MMS (Makroskopik Mikroskopik Simbolik) dan menguji efektivitasnya dalam pembelajaran.Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap, yaitu pengembangan bahan ajar dalam bentuk modul dan implementasi modul dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Pengembangan modul dan perangkat pembelajaran menggunakanmodel Dick and Carey sebagaimana digunakan oleh Tucker [1]. Implementasi hasil pengembangan dilakukan melalui penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan post-test only non equivalent kontrol group design dengan mengambil dua kelas homogen secara intact group dari lima kelas yang tersedia. Hasil pengembangan terdiri dari bahan ajar dalam bentuk modul, perangkat pembelajaran meliputi silabus, RPP, dan instrumen penilaian. Hasil validasi ahli terhadap bahan ajar dalam bentuk modul, silabus, RPP, dan instrumen penilaian dikategorikan sangat baik dan layak digunakan.Hasil penilaian siswa secara perorangan terhadap modul dikategorikan sangat baik, dan secara kelompok dikategorikan baik. Implementasi pembelajaran modul Asam-basa berdasarkan pendekatan MMS telah menghasilkan prestasi kognitif siswa secara signifikan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa di kelas dengan pendekatan konvensional.Kata kunci : Pendekatan, makroskopik, mikroskopik, simbolik, hasil belajarAbstract : The research aims were to develop learning modules and learning packages Acid-Base Solvent based on to MMS (Macroscopic, Microscopic, Symbolic) approach and test its effectiveness in learning. Research was conducted in two phases, that is the development of teaching materials in the form of modules and the implementation of modules in the learning activities in classrooms. Developing learning modules and devices using the Dick and Carey model as used by Tucker [1]. The implementation of the development carried out through the design of experimental studies with post-test only non equivalent control group design by taking two classes intact homogenousgroup of five classes available. The results the the development consist of teaching materials in the form of modules, learning tools including syllabi, lesson plans, and assessment instruments. The results of the expert validation of teaching materials in the form of modules, syllabi, lesson plans,and assessment instruments categorized as very good and valid for use. As individuals towards student assessment results of modules categorized as very good, and a group of well categorized. The implementation Acid-base learning module based on the MMS approach has resulted in students’ cognitive achievement was significantly better than students in the class with the conventional approach.Key words : Approach, macroscopic, microscopic, symbolic, cognitive achievement
PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF BERKIRIM SALAM DAN SOAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA FKIP UNRAM PADA MATA KULIAH KIMIA DASAR Yunita Arian Sani Anwar; Mukhtar Haris
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (169.253 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v6i1.118

Abstract

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar mahasiswa semester 2 Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP Unram tahun akademik 2008/2009 pada mata kuliah kimia dasar denganmenggunakan pembelajaran kooperatif berkirim salam dan soal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Kriteria keberhasilan penelitian adalah aktivitas mahasiswa aktif dan sangat sedikit mahasiswa yang mengalami kesalahankonsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembelajaran kooperatif berkirim salam dan soal dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Pada siklus I sebanyak 52,10% mahasiswa mengalami kesalahan konsep dan setelahsiklus II menurun menjadi 18,15%. Aktivitas mahasiswa pada siklus I pada kategori kurang aktif dan setelah siklus II meningkat menjadi aktif.Kata kunci : Pembelajaran kooperatif, aktivitas, hasil belajar.Abstract : The research has been done to improve activity and academic achievement of second semesterstudents of mathematics education program FKIP University of Mataram academic year 2008/2009 in general chemistry subject through cooperative learning exchanging greetings and questions. There were two cycles of learning in the research. The criteria of the success of the research are student activities were active and misconception student on low level. The results indicated that cooperative learning berkirim salam dan soal can improve activity and academic achievement students. In the first cycle was 52,10% students has misconception and in the second cycle has 18,15%.Criteria students activity in first cycle was very low and in the second cycle students activity was active.Key words : Cooperative learning, activity, academic achievement.
SEISMOGRAF REFRAKSI DENGAN SUMBER GELOMBANG WEIGH DROP Muhammad Zuhdi
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (204.472 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v6i1.119

Abstract

Abstrak : Telah dibuat seimograf refraksi dengan sumber gelombang weigh drop berupa bola besi yang dijatuhkan 2 meter dari landasan. Sumber gelombang ini mampu memberikan sinyal pada geophone hingga jarak 150meter. Prinsip kerja seismograf refraksi adalah mengukur waktu tiba gelombang tercepat (fisrt arrival time) dari sumber menuju geophone. Untuk jarak pendek, gelombang tercepat adalah gelombang langsung, sedangkan untuk jarak selebihnya gelombang tercepat adalah gelombang refraksi. Waktu tiba gelombang tercepat diukur dengan instrumen elektronik dengan ketelitian hingga 0,1 milli sekon. Hasil ujicoba menunjukkan bahwa seismogram mampu mendeteksi perlapisan hingga kedalaman 5 meter dengan jarak horizontal mencapai 150 meter.Kata kunci : Seismograf, refraksi, weigh dropAbstract : Refraction seismograph is have been made with wave source of weigh drop made of iron ball from altitude 2 metre from the ground. Source of this wave can give geophone signal till 150 metre apart. Principal ofrefraction seismograph is to measure first arrival of incoming wave to geophone. For short distance, first arrival wave is direct wave, while for the medium and long distance first arrival wave is refraction wave. Arrival time is measured with electronic instrument with errors till 0,1 millisecond. Result of instrument trial indicate that seismogram can detect some layers till 5 metre deep with horizontal distance till 150 metre.Key words : Seismograph, refraction, weigh drop
SUHU INKUBASI MEMPENGARUHI LEVEL EKSPRESI SOX9 PADA TAHAP AWAL PERKEMBANGAN GONAD EMBRIO Chelonia mydas (PENYU HIJAU) Syamsul Bahri
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (422.9 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v6i1.120

Abstract

Abstrak : Salah faktor penting yang diduga terlibat dalam penentuan jenis kelamin hewan TSD adalah Sox9. Protein ini berperan dalam cascade determinasi seks. Ketika kadar protein Sox9 mencapai nilai ambang tertentu maka gonad indiferen akan memasuki jalur diferensiasi testis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati level ekspresi gen tersebut pada tahap awal perkembangan gonad Chelonia mydas yang termasuk dalam kelompok hewan TSD. Sebagian telur diinkubasi pada suhu 31±1°C untuk menghasilkan 100% individu betina (Suhu Feminisasi, SF), sedangkan telur lainnya diinkubasi pada suhu 26±1°C untuk menghasilkan 100% individu jantan (Suhu Maskulinisasi, SM). Pengamatan dilakukan pada level mRNA yang terekspresi sejak periode pra TSP hingga TSP akhir. Level ekspresi Sf1 kompleks adrenal-gonad-ginjal dari embrio tahap perkembangan 12, 14, 16 (pra TSP), 17, 19 dan 22 (TSP) yang diinkubasi pada suhu feminisasi (31±1°C) atau suhu maskulinisasi (26±1°C) dideteksi dengan menggunakan metode RT-PCR. Sebagai pembanding digunakan housekeeping gene â-actin. Hasil amplifikasi di elektroforesis pada Agarose-TAE kemudian di foto dengan kamera digital. Densitas larik DNA yang terbentuk pada masing-masing tahap perkembangan embrio dan perlakuan ditentukan dengan menggunakan software ScionImage. Rata-rata bacaan pada setiap larik divisualisasi dalam bentuk diagram garis. Hasil RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa suhu inkubasi mempengaruhi level ekspresi Sox9. Level ekspresi Sox9 tampak lebih tinggi pada embrio yang diinkubasi pada SM (26±1°C) dibandingkan dengan level ekspresi Sox9 embrio yang diinkubasi pada SF (31±1°C). Perbedaan level ekspresi tersebut terlihat sejak tahap pra TSP tengah hingga TSP tengah. Perbedaan terbesar terlihat menjelang embrio memasuki tahap TSP. Perbedaan level ekspresi Sox9 pada tahapan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Sox9 memainkan peran yang penting dalam proses awal determinasi seks gonad Chelonia mydas.Kata kunci : Sox9, Temperature-dependent Sex Determination (TSD), Thermosensitive period (TSP), Chelonia mydas.Abstract : One of the important factor that is seems to be involved in sex determination of TSD animal is Sox9. Sox9 has an important role in the molecular sex-determining cascade. When the level of Sox9 protein reach thetreshold, it could drive the bipotential gonad to a testis differentiation . The research is conducted to examine Sox9 expression level in the early stage of gonadal development of Chelonia mydas, a species with TSD. Eggs were incubated in FPT (31±1°C) incubator to produce 100% of female embryo, and the remaining in MPT (26±1°C) produce 100% of male embryo. The examination level expression of mRNA was performed since preTSP till the end of TSP period. Quantification of Sf1 level expression from adrenal-gonad-kidney (AGK) complex of embryonic stage 12, 14, 16 (pre TSP), 17, 19 dan 22 (TSP), incubated in FPT (31±1°C) or MPT (26±1°C) were performed using RT-PCR method. Level expression of housekeeping gene â-actin is used as a control. Amplification product was electrophorized on TAE-Agarose gel and then documenting by using digital camera. The density of each DNA band were examined by using ScionImage Software. The average of 10 scores for each band was convert into a line diagram. RT-PCR result showed that the incubation temperature influenced mRNA expression level of Sox9. Expression level of Sox9 is higher in embryo which were incubated in MPT (26±1°C) than in FPT (31±1°C). Differential expression level of the geneappear from the middle of preTSP till the middle of TSP. The highest level of the difference appear soon before Thermosensitive Period. Differential expression of Sox9 during the stage showed that Sox9 has an important roleduring the early stage of sex determination gonad of Chelonia mydas.Key words: Sox9, Temperature-dependent Sex Determination (TSD), Thermosensitive period (TSP),Chelonia mydas
NYERI HAID, PENYEBAB, DAN PENANGGULANGANNYA Kusmiyati Kusmiyati
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (224.745 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v6i1.121

Abstract

Abstrak : Haid atau menstruasi merupakan pelepasan dinding endometrium disertai darah. Nyeri sering menyertai kejadian menstruasi, sebagai hasil kontraksi kuat miometrium yang terjadi menjelang dan selama menstruasiFaktor penyebab nyeri haid bermacam-macam, antara lain faktor endokrin, kejiwaan dan faktor lain yang terkait dengan alat reproduksi. Nyeri dapat terjadi karena sekresi prostaglandin yang berlebih. Umumnya perempuan yangmengalami nyeri haid tidak terlalu memperhatikan atau tidak merawat dengan khusus, karena kejadiannya sudah biasa, namun ada pula yang merasa sangat tidak nyaman. Nyeri haid dapat dikurangi dengan obat anti peradangan atauobat yang menghambat biosintesis prostaglandin, dan dengan tanpa obat seperti pijat, kompres hangat, mendengarkan musik, menonton televisi atau melatih pernafasan.Kata kunci : HaidAbstrac : Menstruation is the release of endometrium wall accompanied by blood. Menstrual cramps are the results of strong myometrial contraction that occur just before and during menstruation period. The causes of menstrual cramps could be endocrine, psychological and other factors related to reproduction organ. The cramps may be due to excessive prostaglandin secretion. Generally, women ignore the menstrual cramps because it is the monthly routine, but others feel extremely uncomfortable Menstrual cramp (painful) can be reduced by taking anti-inflamantory drugs or drugs which inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis or non medicinal practices like massase, warm compress, listening to music, watching television, or breathing relaxation.Key word : Mentrual
APLIKASI GRAF POHON PADA ALGORITMA HUFFMAN Amrullah Amrullah
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (232.803 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v6i1.122

Abstract

Abstrak : Sistem bilangan biner banyak digunakan dalam teknologi komputer. Bilangan biner digunakan oleh algoritma Huffman pada graf pohon. Algoritma Huffman menggunakan prinsip pengkodean yang mirip dengankode Morse, yaitu tiap karakter dikodekan hanya dengan rangkaian beberapa bit 0 dan 1 sesuai distribusi kemunculan karakter dalam naskah. Sedang graf pohon adalah graf tak-berarah terhubung yang tidak memuat sirkuit sederhana.Setiap karakter dalam komputer memiliki panjang 8 bit. Dalam algoritma huffman, dengan penggunaan graf pohon dari distribusi frekuensi karakter dalam suatu pesan, ukuran panjang bit setiap karakter dapat memiliki ukuran lebih kecil dari 8 bit sehingga dapat menghemat ukuran data. Pada akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma Huffman dapat digunakan untuk menghemat ukuran data dalam sistem komputer.Kata Kunci : Huffman, graf pohon, algoritma, binerAbstract : Binary number system is more used in computer technology. Binary number used by the Huffman algorithm on the tree in graph teory. Huffman algorithm using the principle similar to Morse code, ie each character isencoded only by a series of multiple bits 0 and 1 corresponds to the distribution of the appearance of characters in the script. but tree is non connected graph that contains no simple circuit. Each character in the computer has a length of 8 bits. In the huffman algorithm, with the use of a tree graph of the frequency distribution of characters in data, the size of the bit length of each character can have a size smaller than 8 bits so that it can save data size. In the finally it can be concluded that the Huffman algorithm can be used to save data size in the computer system.Keywords : Huffman, tree, Algorithm, biner
MODEL PERAGA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Hikmawati Hikmawati; Syahrul Azmi
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (299.501 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v6i1.123

Abstract

Abstrak : Salah satu tujuan pembelajaran sains dan matematika di sekolah menengah pertama adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, konsep, dan keterampilan sains dan matematika siswa sebagai dasar untuk melanjutkanpendidikan ke jenjang selanjutnya. Keberadaan media dalam pembelajaran sangat diperlukan mengingat sains dan matematika memiliki konsep-konsep abstrak yang seringkali menjadi alasan sulitnya mempelajari materi kedua mata pelajaran tersebut. Media tiga dimensi dalam sains maupun alat peraga dalam matematika merupakan model peraga yang dapat dijadikan media dalam pembelajaran. Media tiga dimensi dapat berupa gambar yang setidaknya memiliki tiga sisi (depan, belakang dan samping) sehingga sebuah gambar tiga dimensi dapat dilihat dari berbagai arah. Peranan alat peraga dalam matematika adalah meletakkan ide-ide dasar konsep sehingga dengan bantuan alat peraga yang sesuai, siswa dapat memahami ide-ide dasar yang melandasi sebuah konsep, mengetahui cara membuktikan suatu rumus atau teorema, dan dapat menarik suatu kesimpulan dari hasil pengamatannya. Dengan demikian, model peraga dapat digunakan sebagai alat peraga untuk menerangkan konsep materi pelajaran sehingga siswa menjadi lebih tertarik, berminat dan memiliki motivasi belajar yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa.Kata-kata kunci : model peraga, media pembelajaran.Abstract : One goal of learning science and mathematics in secondary schools is to improve the knowledge, concepts, and skills of science and mathematics students as a basis for continuing their education to the next. The presence of media in learning is necessary considering the science and mathematics have the abstract concepts that are often the reason for the difficulty of studying the material both these subjects. Three-dimensional media in science andmathematics teaching aids in a visual model that can be used as media of learning. Media can be either three-dimensional image that has at least three sides (front, rear and side) so that a three-dimensional images can be viewed from various directions. The role of teaching aids in mathematics is to put the basic ideas of the concept that with the aid of appropriate props, students can grasp the basic ideas underlying the concept, knowing how to prove a formula or theorem, and can draw a conclusion from the results of his observations. Thus, the model can be used as a visual prop to explain the concept of subject matter so that students become more interested, interested and motivated to learn, which in turn will improve student achievement.Key words : models of visual aids, learning media.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DESAIN PRA-LAB TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MAHASISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI KONSEP HUKUM II NEWTON TENTANG GERAK Muh. Makhrus; Wahyudi Wahyudi
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 6 No. 1 (2011): Maret
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (183.121 KB) | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v6i1.124

Abstract

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar mahasiswa dan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam melakukan eksperimen terutama pada saat desain pra-lab dengan langkah-langkah metodeilmiah serta untuk mengetahui respon mahasiswa terhadap pelaksanaan desain pra-lab dengan langkah-langkah metode ilmiah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Hasil pengamatandan analisis data diperoleh temuan antara lain, kemampuan mahasiswa dalam melakukan eksperimen dengannpemberian desain pra-lab yang berdasarkan langkah-langkah metode ilmiah adalah baik, serta mahasiswa senangdan berminat terhadap eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain pra-lab. Hasil penelitian yang menerapkan perangkat pembelajaran ini dapat meningkatkan proporsi jawaban benar mahasiswa untuk THB Produk sebesar 55 % dan dari hasil analisis statistik uji-t, diperoleh bahwa hasil belajar produk mahasiswa yang diberikan desain pralab dengan langkah-langkah metode ilmiah adalah lebih baik dari hasil belajar mahasiswa yang diberikan dengan desain pra-lab yang biasa.Kata kunci : desain, pra-lab, hukum II Newton, gerakAbstract : This research intent on know product study and describe ability of university student in doing experiment especially at the moment pre-lab design with steps in scientific method and for know respons to implementation this method. This research is designed using Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The result of monitoring and data analysis found that ability of university student in doing experiment by use of pre-lab design with steps in scientific method are excellent. The university students are also happy and having good interest to the training of skilled eksperiment with pre-lab design. The process of studying that implement this method can increase the proportion of correct answer for result examination 55 %, while proportion correct answer for examination result. From result of statistic analysis t-test found that the examination result product of student which is taught through pre-lab design with steps in scientific method is better than conventional pre-lab design.Key words : design, pre-lab, Newton II law, motion

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