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Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU

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Published by TALENTA PUBLISHER

ISSN : - EISSN : 23374888 DOI : https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v11i1

Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU merupakan jurnal elektronik yang mempublikasikan karya ilmiah di bidang teknik kimia yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jurnal ini tidak terbatas pada mahasiswa dan dosen Universitas Sumatera Utara, tetapi terbuka untuk mahasiswa, dosen dan peneliti dari instansi lain.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Teknik Kimia (Lain-Lain)

Articles 337 Documents

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DAYA SERAP AIR DAN KANDUNGAN SERAT (FIBER CONTENT) KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH (UNSATURATED POLYESTER) BERPENGISI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SELULOSA Michael; Elmer Surya; Halimatuddahliana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose content as filler in water absorption and fibre volume fraction of the unsaturated polyester composites. The composites were made by hand-lay up method by mixing unsaturated polyester with the composition of each fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) of 5,10,15,20 wt%. The parameter which was carried on the prepared samples was water absorption for each sample every 24 hours until the composites have constant absorption. It was found that the addition of fillers to the matrix caused the water absorption of composites increased at each of composition of fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) and the fibre volume fraction increased as the filler content increase.

DEKOMPOSISI AIR-METANOL MENJADI HIDROGEN PADA SEMIKONDUKTOR NATRIUM TANTALUM OKSIDA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN LANTANUM SEBAGAI DOPING Husni Husin; Komala Pontas; Hesti Meilina; Fikri Hasfita
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Synthesis of semiconductor photocatalysts lanthanum-doped sodium tantalum oxide (La-NaTaO3) and its performance on water-methanol decomposition has been carried out. This research aimed is to examine the effect of methanol as an electron donor in the reaction to photocatalytic of hydrogen production. The samples are characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD) to determine its composition. The results indicate that the products are composed of NaTaO3 and Ta2O5. The reaction is conducted by irradiating of water-methanol of 400 ml and 1 g of photocatalyst in Pyrex glass reactor for 4 h at a temperature of 30 oC.The methanol solution is poured into the reactor of 5, 10, and 15 vol.%. For comparison, in this reaction is also used only pure water. The results depict that the rate of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water as much as 0.3(mmol / g.h). Hydrogen generation rate increased significantly when the methanol are added of 5%, 10%, and 15%, ie. 2.68, 4.79 and 8.72 ,(mmol / g.h), respectively. This has been attributed to the effect of added methanol, which acts as sacrificial electron donor and consumes photogenerated holes and/or oxygen, thereby decreasing the rates of electron-hole recombination. Reaction mechanism in semiconductor particles of NaTaO3 is also reported.

MODEL PRODUKSI BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH KEJU MENGGUNAKAN KLUYVEROMYCES MARXIANUS Rudy Agustriyanto; Akbarningrum Fatmawati
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

The depletion of oil reserves hasbeen increasing interest in the development of alternative renewable energysources. Cheese whey as a waste of cheese production is one of the raw materials that can be used for bioethanol production. The aim ofthis study is to conduct critical assessment of the cheese whey fermentation process by applying the basic concepts of engineering and mathematics, to investigate the characteristics of the cheese whey fermentation process into bioethanol, and to obtain the optimum design of fermenter. This is done by developing steady state model of cheese whey fermentation system into ethanol based on kinetic data from previous research and using mass balance principle.The model was then used to simulate the continuous fermentation of cheese whey for ethanol production. At steady state conditions, the fermentation process of cheese whey into bioethanol is affected by the hydraulic retention time (R). At steady state conditions, the optimum value of R obtained is 25 hours based onhigh ethanol productivity. The results of this study will be useful in the design process and control of cheese whey fermentation reactions into ethanol.The utilization of waste from cheese production (cheese whey) that contain sugars which can be fermented will provide added value to the waste while providing an alternative source of renewable energy that is needed due to energy crisis.

PENJERAPAN LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd2+) DENGAN ADSORBEN CANGKANG TELUR BEBEK YANG TELAH DIAKTIVASI Krisnawati; Jasinda; Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Harzadous waste water is the waste that can be harmful to human’s health. One of heavy metals that contains in harzadous waste is cadmium. This research aims to investigate the characteristic of cadmium adsorption, equilibrium time, percentage adsorption, adsorption kinetic, adsorption isotherm and capacity of cadmium adsorption by using duck egg’s shell adsorbent. Duck egg’s shell adsorbent that had been activated at 600 oC were put into cadmium solution and mixed together. Every 10 minutes experimental samples were analyzed using AAS. The results indicated that percentage adsorption increases and the longer equilibrium time will be reached with an increase of adsorbent dosage. The Lagergen first order Models was applied as adsorption kinetics model and the Bangham Models was applied as adsorption isotherms models.

PEMBUATAN SELULOSA ASETAT DARI α -SELULOSA TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT M Roganda L Lumban Gaol; Roganda Sitorus; Yanthi S; Indra Surya; Renita Manurung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Utilization of empty fruit bunches of oil palm in Indonesia is still very low, so it should be developed further. One of them by researching the manufacture of cellulose acetate from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The process used in this study is the cellanase with α-cellulose materials. Stages reaction is activation, acetylation, hydrolysis, neutralization and drying. Activation in thethree-neck flask with the addition of 50 ml of glacial acetic acid and stirredfor 3 hour,then added 15 ml of acetic acid anhydride as acetylation agent. Acetylation performed with the variation of time, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 hours. In the hydrolysis step, add 2 ml of water and5 ml of glacial acetic acid. The reaction lasted for 30 minutes, then added 1 g of sodium acetate for neutralization, neutralization lasts for 5 minutes. Then do the washing up to the smell of acetic acid is lost, and the last stage is the drying is done with a temperature below 50 oC. The resulting products are then analyzed the degree of substitution, melting point, and then carried out FTIR analysis. The results obtained when the optimum conditions for the acetylation reaction is 2.5 - 3 hours.

PEMBUATAN PUPUK CAIR DAN BIOGAS DARI CAMPURAN LIMBAH SAYURAN Erickson Sarjono Siboro; Edu Surya; Netti Herlina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Garbage market activity results, which are not well experienced management will cause environmental pollution. The waste of vegetables still contains a high water content and contain organic ingredients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that one of them is a waste of vegetables. One method to manage waste of vegetables is to chop waste of vegetables with use the blender and mix with EM4 then fermented for 25 days. So it becomes an organic liquid fertilizer, because more quickly absorbed into the soil and quickly be used directly by plants, and can't damage the soil and plants. Preliminary data obtained from this study of the water content of 88.78%, pH 7.68, and the ratio of C / N 33.56. Final data with optimal results obtained on day 25 with the composition of the EM4 350 ml of N 1%, P 1.98%, K 0.85% and the ratio of C / N 30, total solid 34.78%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 2386 mg / L, pH 5.55 and 13 ml of biogas.

KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN BIJI KOPI (ARABIKA) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL Bella Simbolon; Kartini Pakpahan; Siswarni MZ
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

This research aims to exploit the coffee seed oil as raw material for biodiesel by esterification process, then followed by transesterification process and studied the influence of variations in the weight ratio of solvent: ground coffee beans in the coffee bean oil extraction process. The methodologies of this researchare conducted on the process of preparation of raw materials, extraction, and testing phase. Extraction is done with a variety of types of solvent n-hexane (C6H14) and toluene (C7H8 (C6H5CH3)) and a variety of solvents through a ratio of 1:5, 1:6, 1:7 and 1:8 against the mass of each run, which is 40 gram. Another variable is still 2 hours extraction time and temperature solvent extraction with n-hexane (C6H14) (boiling point 690C) is 70-75 0c and the solvent toluene (C7H8 (C6H5CH3))(boiling point 1100C) is 110-1150C. Testing phase is done bythe use of coffee oil esterification process in the molar ratio of methanol: free fatty acid catalyst H2SO4 = 3:1 with 1% v / v for 1hour with stirring 600 rpm and transesterification process at a molar ratio of methanol: oil = 9:1 coffee with 1.75% NaOH catalyst for 2 hours with stirring 600 rpm. Esterification process as conducted preliminary due to high levels of free fatty acids coffeeoils, which is 22.2%. Extraction results include the maximum yield of the coffee oils 17.73% in toluene weight ratio: coffee powder= 6:1, and coffee oil data in the form of the density 93.75 g / ml, viscosity 59.326 cP and fatty acid composition of the highest linoleic acid 40.8765% and palmitic acid 37.4492%. The results of esterification and transesterification obtained by the methyl ester equal to 39.63% with density 0.915 g / ml, 22.5498 cSt kinematic viscosity and flash point 130 0C.

PENGOLAHAN EFFLUENT FERMENTOR BIOGAS SECARA AEROBIK MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR ALIR TANGKI BERPENGADUK Yohannes Tandean; Michael Vincent; Irvan, Bambang Trisakti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Palm oil production in Indonesia is estimated around 28 million tonnes per annum. As this number increases, the waste generated from the process which generally called as palm oil mill effluent (POME) increases as well. In Indonesia, POME treatment is being carried out conventionally by using facultative ponds system, which is high in operational cost, uses up a vast amount of land and generates greenhouse gas, Methane (CH4) as product which is usually burnt away. From previous researches done, POME has been treated anaerobically to produce biogas, but the effluent from these processes have not yet met the standard quality control required to be released to the environment. Which is why it still needs to be treated aerobically to fulfill the standar quality control so as to be released to the environment. From the research done by using continuous stirred tank reaktor and adding effective microorganism (EM4), the final VSS value reached was around 100 mg/L with 10 days HRT.

EFISIENSI PENYERAPAN PHOSPAT LIMBAH LAUNDRY MENGGUNAKAN KANGKUNG AIR (Ipomoea aquatic forsk) DAN JERINGAU (Acorus calamus) Fitri Dewi; M. Faisal; Mariana
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Laundry waste contains high phosphate concentrations that exceeding levels in Regulation No. 82 of 2001 about Water Quality Management and Control of Water Pollution. When the waste is directly discharged into the sewers or river without treatment, it can cause water pollution and lead to eutrophication. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) and Jeringau (Acorus Calamus l) might be use to absorb phosphate in laundry waste. The aim of this research is to investigate the efficiency of phosphate absorption by using water spinach and Jeringau. The experiments were carried out in a batch system. The results showed that the reduction efficiency of phosphate by Water spinach and Jeringau was 41.61% and 53.75%, respectively.

TRANSESTERIFICATION OF DEGUMMED PALM OIL (DPO) TO PRODUCE PALM BIODIESEL BY USING LIPOZYME TL IM AS BIOCATALYST Aira Darusmy; Nur Sri Rahayu; Renita Manurung
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Biodiesel is usually synthesis by transesterification of triglycerides and alcohols in the presence of an acid or an alkaline catalyst but it could produce a chemical waste process. An alternative process is using biocatalyst such as enzyme to synthesis biodiesel that couldn’t produce chemical waste process. In this research, the synthesis of biodiesel from degummed palm oil (DPO) and methanol as acyl donor has been investigated with using of Lipozyme as biocatalyst. The purpose of this experiment is to examine the effect of the temperature and the amount of biocatalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel that produced from palm oil and examine the effect of the use of methanol to the lipase enzyme activity in catalyzing the synthesis of biodiesel through transesterification reaction. The variables in this research are the amount of biocatalyst and temperature, and their responses with yield conversion of biodiesel are representated using response surface methodology (RSM) with Minitab software. The reactants and products are analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Yield raging from 10-79 % are achieved in 15 hours reaction time. The variable effect of process for obtaining yield can be known from the temperature gives negative result about 0,6738 for the formation of biodiesel product. Afterwards the amount of biocatalyst gives positive result about 22,8091 and interaction between temperature and the amount of biocatalyst give negative result. The results show that the most influential variable is the amount of biocatalyst. Therefore, this experiment would need further investigation works and analysis and reuse of lipozyme as biocatalyst on the run which obtained the highest yield. The highest yield is obtained at a reaction temperature of 45 ° C and the amount of catalyst by 30%. In the reuse of lipozyme, can be repeated four times and obtained the total of the decrease in yield of 77%.

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