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Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25811037     EISSN : 25495925     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef
Core Subject : Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture
JCEF focuses on advancing the development of sustainable infrastructure and disseminating conceptual ideas and implementing countermeasures, particularly in the tropics, which are vulnerable to disasters. Specifically, we look to publish articles with the potential to make real-world contributions to improving both local communities and countries readiness for and responsiveness to natural and human-made disasters. The particular emphasis of JCEF is given to the civil & environmental engineering researches associated with natural disasters such as geo-disaster (earthquake, landslide, and volcanic eruption), water-related disaster (flood, debris flow, coastal disaster, and tsunami), and human-made disasters such as soil, water, and air pollution and water scarcity. Articles describing the topics of disaster risk reduction techniques, disaster early warning system, climate change adaptation, vulnerability analysis and trends, pre and/or post-disaster reconstruction and rehabilitation planning and management, forensic engineering, the socio-engineering approach for the countermeasures, or water reuse and recycle are particularly encouraged.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Sipil dan Struktur
Articles 137 Documents
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Revealing The Economic Viability of Railway Investments (Case Study: Restoring Your Railway Programme, United Kingdom) Alfian Nur, Zulhazmi; Muthohar, Imam
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 3 (September 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.11736

Abstract

The UK’s ”Restoring Your Railway” (RYR) programme aims to reopen abandoned railway infrastructure to foster local economic growth. However, since 2020, only 30% of RYR proposals have progressed, revealing challenges in the methodological approach, especially for projects introducing rail as a new mode. The current unimodal approach for estimating user benefits in such projects is considered inadequate. To address this, a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) with improved methods for user benefit estimation has been conducted, compared with existing cases to determine if it results in a better Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). Historically, early appraisal methods relied on the Strategic Outline Business Case (SOBC), which took six months and incurred costs of approximately Rp. 1.5 billion. To expedite project delivery, sensitivity analysis explores circumstances under which RYR projects are socially justifiable across different Value for Money scenarios. Additionally, a comparative analysis is performed between the UK and Indonesian approaches. This study introduces a new CBA approach, focusing on user benefit estimation and conducting sensitivity analysis on key determinants. The mathematical CBA model, modified for the value of time and diversion factor, forms the basis for sensitivity analysis on BCR, travel time savings, capital and operational costs, diversion factor, and GDP growth. Testing the model against business cases reveals a 17-20% reduction in the required demand for the same BCR compared to conventional CBA approaches, suggesting the new method captures additional benefits related to mode shifts. Sensitivity analysis highlights circumstances under which railway projects are likely to deliver acceptable value for money, considering various BCR values. Total order indices show that operational costs contribute 40% to the model output, followed by capital costs and GDP growth rate at 29% and 25%, respectively. Surprisingly, the In-Vehicle Time (IVT) for trains has only a small contribution, ranging from 1.83% to 4%.
Water Quality Modelling with Industrial and Domestic Point Source Pollution: a Study Case of Cikakembang River, Majalaya District Kent, Steven; Yudianto, Doddi; Gao, Cheng; Fitriana, Finna; Wang, Qian
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 2 (May 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.11807

Abstract

Rapid industrial development is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation. The textile industries and the domestic activities in Majalaya District produce wastewater directly discharged into the Cikakembang River. As a result, the Cikakembang River’s water quality has decreased to the point that the water quality cannot be used for daily needs. This study modeled three main parameters in water quality modelling, namely Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Using MATLAB, the three-water quality governing equations originating from the Advection-Dispersion Equation were solved using the Runge Kutte-4 discretization scheme. The numerical modelling was carried out along 2.36 km of the Cikakembang River. All water quality coefficients, such as the DO Saturation (DOsat), the Reaeration Rate (ka), the Dispersion Coefficient (D), the Deoxygenation Rate (kd), and the Decomposition Rate (kc), for the Cikakembang River were estimated using equations developed by existing studies. The estimation of ka and D coefficients requires hydraulic parameters, which in this study were estimated using the HEC-RAS simulation. Meanwhile, kd and kc values were obtained from the calibration and verification process. The Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) objective function was used to evaluate the results of water quality modelling at three sampling points. In the calibration process, the resultsof water quality modelling produced RRMSE values for the DO, BOD, and COD parameters of 1.99%, 0.36% and 0.92%, respectively. Meanwhile, for the verification process, the RRMSE values for the DO, BOD, and COD parameters are 1.95%, 1.02% and 1.86%. All water quality parameters produce small RRMSE values in the calibration and verification processes. Hence, the water quality model created has good accuracy and stability.
Effects of Carbon Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Helmi, Masdar; Alraimi, Ala Ali Qasem
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 3 (September 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.12439

Abstract

The use of fiber generally might change the mechanical properties of concrete in flexural or compressive strength. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is one of the ultra-high-performance concrete types that has been applied for some constructions. Carbon fiber, having high strength in tensile, also has the potency to improve the physical characteristics of RPC. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the flexural and compressive performance of RPC, focusing on the interfacial binding of carbon fiber. Flexural and compressive tests used samples with dimensions of 40 x 40 x 160 mm were tested in accordance with BS-EN-196-1:2011, which allows to use one of the two broken pieces from the flexural test as the sample. The microstructure surrounding carbon fiber and paste was qualitatively compared using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in the secondary electron detector mode. Samples were subjected to static pressure at 8 MPa after 1 hour of pouring and heat curing at 240 °C in a dry oven after demolding. Results show that the presence of carbon fiber increased the flexural strength of RPC by up to 28.85% for samples without treatments and up to 14.32% for samples with both treatments. Although carbon fiber increased toughness by 20% and flexural modulus by 6%, it had no effect on the failure mode after reaching the peak load, which remained brittle. On the other hand, the presence of carbon fiber had little effect on compressive strength. Despite the pressure and heat, curing treatments had no effect on enhancing the adhesion between carbon fiber and cement paste, which was indicated by theundamaged surface of carbon fiber. However, the implementation of both treatments on samples might produce RPC with good mechanical properties in flexure.
Study on Basic Requirements and Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Implementing Availability Payment in Public-Private Partnership in Regency/Municipal Government: A Case Study of Public Street Lighting in Bandung Municipal and Madiun Regency Shodiqi, Alia Zata Izzati; Tamin, Rizal Z.; Mahani, Iris
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 3 (September 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.12564

Abstract

Referring to PPP Books 2017-2023 issued by The Ministry of National Development Planning of Indonesia, there is only 1 out of 16 AP PPP projects at the municipal/regency level that have successfully reached the operational stage (6% success rate), i.e. Madiun Regency Public Street Lighting. Several municipal/regency AP PPP projects have failed, for example, Bandung Municipal Public Street Lighting. The widespread failures indicate that the application of AP in regional infrastructure has so far not been successful in Indonesia. This paper aims to identify the basic requirements, critical success factors, and lessons learned from AP PPP implementation in Municipal/Regency Governments. Thus, it is hoped that the future provision of regional infrastructure with the AP scheme can proceed seamlessly. This study used a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative and quantitative data from literature reviews, questionnaires, and interviews. The results showed that the basic requirements for AP PPP include the existence of regulations and institutions. The five main success factors of AP PPP in the Municipal/Regency Government are (1) a well-organized and committed public agency; (2) political support; (3) favorable and efficient legal framework; (4) stable political and economic situation; and (5) public and private sector commitments and responsibilities. The lesson learned from the case study is that fiscal capacity is not the main factor in the success of PPP in Madiun Regency, but rather the willingness of the local government to implement PPP by regularly holding capacity building and maintaining good relationships and communication with each stakeholder involved.
Airline Choice Decision for Jakarta-Denpasar Route During the Covid-19 Pandemic Setiawan, Christoforine Agatha; Belgiawan, Prawira Fajarindra; Dharmowijoyo, Dimas Bayu Endrayana
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 3 (September 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.12569

Abstract

As one of the most popular destinations in Indonesia, Bali has experienced growth in its domestic passenger arrivals over the last few years. Travel restrictions during COVID-19 have reduced airline passenger numbers on the Jakarta-Denpasar route. The travel restriction has loosened, and the economy is starting to recover in January 2022. However, the number of domestic passengers arriving in Denpasar has not returned to its former state. This research aims to understand the influential factors in the airline decision-making of domestic passengers on the Jakarta-Denpasar route. We started the research with an exploratory study to find the influential factors in which we obtained five attributes. The attributes include airfare, flight schedule, transit number, travel time, and HEPA filter. We conducted a stated choice experiment with five alternatives: Foreign private LCC, Private FSC, Private LCC, Flag LCC, and Flag FSC. The questionnaire was designed with a D-efficient design. We obtained 256 respondents, and there are 2048 observations for the Mixed Multinomial Logit Model estimation. From the estimation, we found that airfare, number of transits, travel time, and HEPA filter are all significant with expected signs. We also found that the flight schedule is not significant. Several socio-demographic variables, such as Gender, Age (except for Flag FSC), and income (also except for Flag FSC), are insignificant in airline choice decisions. We also presented the calculation of elasticity as well as the willingness to pay. Further, we propose that all airlines increase their direct flights for the Jakarta-Denpasar route since respondents prefer less transit. As people are more concerned about public transport’s hygiene, stating that HEPA filters’ availability in airline promotion is also recommended to gain more trust. Finally, our paper offers recommendations for airlines to improve their services and passenger satisfaction after the pandemic recovery period.
Comparative Seismic Analysis of G+20 RC Framed Structure Building for with and without Shear Walls Maheshwari, Rohit
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 3 (September 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.12854

Abstract

The performance of High-rise Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) design buildings with the shear wall is targeted to provide stability, simplicity of maintenance, and durability of the framed structure. The impacts of lateral loads, axial forces, shear forces, base shear, maximum story drift, and tensile forces are common in high-rise structural systems. The present paper analyses G+20 story R.C. framed buildings for base shear, maximum story displacement and bending moment behaviour of structures with and without shear walls under seismic loading. The building is located in Dehradun, and the load has been considered as per I.S. code 1893:2016. Framed has been analysed using E-tabs to identify maximum base shear for the concern load conditions. The result shows that the frame designed with an appropriate shear wall absorbs more lateral forces, and minimum displacement values are induced and resist maximum moments throughout the height of the building when a structure is appropriately configured with a shear wall. The structure configured with the shear walls has high resistance to absorb earthquake forces compared to structures without shear walls.
Proposal and Evaluation of Vertical Vibration Theory of Air Caster Ito, Tetsunoshin; Mehrdad Sadeghzadeh Nazari; Kazuaki Inaba
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 3 (September 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.13020

Abstract

Urbanization and human development have increased the exposure of seismic risk. Therefore, engineers need to develop new and more efficient technologies to protect people and objects from the disastrous consequences of earthquakes. Air casters have gained attention and have been utilized in the past decade as effective seismic vibration control devices. Although such active isolation systems perform well in mitigating horizontal input vibrations, they might cause excessive rocking motions, if not designed properly. This fact emphasizes the importance of exploring the vertical dynamic properties of air isolation systems. To gain such an understanding, this research examines and proposes a formula for the vertical stiffness and damping of air caster systems. Theoretical solutions to the vertical stiffness and damping of such systems have been explored. Computer simulations considering fluid-structure interaction have also been performed to understand the dynamic behavior of the supporting air layer. Results have been compared to validate the proposed dynamic quantities within the considered simulation range. It is also concluded that the instantaneous air layer thickness, representing the air chamber pressure, and the bearing inlet flow rate are the key factors in determining the dynamic properties of the air layer. It is concluded that to evaluate the performance of the air caster seismic isolation device and increase the probability that the qualified seismic isolation performance will be exhibited, it is necessary to investigate which parameters are greatly involved in the viscous damping coefficient and the spring constant of amass-spring-damper system equivalent to the air caster isolation system.
Advanced Treatment: Tackling Paracetamol with Fenton Oxidation and Membrane Hybrid Processes Kamal, Fadhila Malahayati; Laksono, Sucipta; Adityosulindro , Sandyanto
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 3 (September 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.13031

Abstract

Paracetamol (PCT) in aquatic environments has become a global concern due to its potential harm to humans and environments. However, conventional water treatment was only able to degrade PCT partially. It was necessary to treat PCT contaminated water with tertiary technologies in particular by combination approach, such as Fenton oxidation and membrane filtration process. This combined approach enabling mitigation of large chemical footprint and iron residue associated with Fenton oxidation, as well as reducing fouling tendency of the membrane. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PCT removal efficiency by hybrid technology Fenton oxidation and membrane filtration. The membrane performance during the filtration process was also analyzed. As an important parameter for Fenton process, concentration of H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ with ratio of 1:0.5 resulted in optimal removal of 45% PCT in terms of COD removal. However, separation using flat sheet Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration (UF) with constant flux of 120 L/m²·h resulted in insignificant of COD removal. Nevertheless, the UF process was able to remove up to 54% of Fe 2+ at pH in alkaline condition with 8.5. In addition, a decrease in membrane permeability down to 0.2 L/m²h/bar over time, according to the filtered specific volume during the UF process, indicates fouling of the UF membrane during the 120 minutes of filtration. While the combined approach does not show significant improvement in COD removal, it does help to reduce the chemical footprint of the process, which is an important factor for the applicability of the selected water treatment method.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Irregular Auditorium Building based on ASCE 41-23 Fiqhunissa, Ananda Elnish; Iman Satyarno; Angga Fajar Setiawan; Mariyana Aida Ab Kadir; Darmawan, Muhamad Fauzi
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 10 No. 3 (September 2024)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.13306

Abstract

This study discusses the seismic performance evaluation of an irregular auditorium building. The building is an educational facility which has roof span up to 46 meters, column height up to 10 meters, beam span up to 15 meters, cantilever up to 6.50 meters, 2 inclined columns with the angle up to 54.72°, and 1 transfer column with 1 transfer beam. The evaluation process was carried out using Tier 3 method with linear dynamic procedure which consisted of Response Spectrum Analysis (RSA) and Linear Time History Analysis (LTHA) according to ASCE 41-23 using SAP2000 subjected to short (S s ) and long (S ) period of earthquakes. The building is designed to Risk Category IV, which the target performance levels for structural components are Immediate Occupancy (IO) for Basic Safety Earthquake 1 for New Building (BSE-1N) and Life Safety (LS) for Basic Safety Earthquake 2 for New Building (BSE-2N). Even though the building had a torsional strength irregularity, the percentage of components with a Demand-Capacity Ratio value that did not meet the requirements was 9.87% of the total components; hence the linear procedure was assumed to be still applicable. Analyses showed that the average acceptance criteria ratio of the components with the RSA method was lower than with the LTHA method but the percentage of the components with acceptance criteria ratio exceeding 1 using RSA method was higher than using the LTHA method. In addition, the results indicated that the average performance level of the components was IO for BSE-1N and LS for BSE-2N, which both results had met the expected performance level targets. However, the maximum performance level of the components did not meet the IO performance level target for BSE-1N and did not meet the LS performance level target for BSE-2N.
Enhancing Urban Resilience through Strategic Parking Pricing in Jakarta’s Bus Rapid Transit Corridors Arifianto, Sanda; Irawan, Muhammad Zudhy; Phathinan Thaithatkul; Muhamad Rizki; Ari Krisna Mawira Tarigan; Nur Oktaviani Widiastuti
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Vol. 11 No. 1 (January 2025)
Publisher : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcef.13568

Abstract

Although Jakarta has invested in various mass transport systems, these efforts have not successfully reduced private vehicle use. Due to this, this study aims to analyze the impact of implementing TransJakarta bus rapid transit corridor-based high parking tariffs on travel mode choice, including road- and rail-based public transport, ride-hailing, taxi, car, and motorcycle. Involving 478 private vehicle users and implementing a nested logit model, some variables, including respondents’ income, travel time, egress time, parking costs, parking distance, travel cost, and parking surcharge, are considered to understand to what extent these variables influence the use of proposed travel mode in the future. The nested logit model shows that not all variables significantly influence travel mode use, specifically related to rail-based public transport choice among motorcyclists. Meanwhile,parking distance insignificantly influences the choice of all travel modes except cars among car users. The results also indicate that increasing parking tariffs insignificantly influences the likelihood of both motorcyclists and car users shifting to public transport. Motorcyclists and car users tend to continue using motorcycles but change parking locations with higher tariffs. Additionally, some shifts towards ride-hailing services and TransJakarta Bus Rapid Transit are found, meaning that there is potential for these alternatives to play a significant role in reducing private vehicle use. Based on the model results, additional push-based policies, such as the odd-even license plate rule, are necessary to effectively support the transition from private vehicle use to public transport. Implementing these policies is expected to significantly contribute to reducing traffic congestion and promoting a sustainable and resilient urban environment.

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