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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 18, No. 3" : 6 Documents clear
The Use of Carbon Dioxide Released from Coconut Shell Combustion to Produce Na2CO3 Simanjuntak, Wasinton; Sembiring, Simon; Zakaria, Wan Abbas; Pandiangan, Kamisah D
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

In this investigation, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was produced by reacting the CO2 released from coconut shell combustion with NaOH solution with molar concentrations of 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 M. The main purpose of the study was to assess the potential of the proposed method for mitigation of the CO2 gas released into the atmosphere by the coconut shell industry. The Na2CO3 powder produced was oven-dried at 110 oC and subsequently characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM/EDS techniques. Thermal analysis was also carried out using DTA/TGA to investigate the thermal mechanisms of sodium carbonate formation. The experimental results show that the concentration of NaOH influences the mass of sodium carbonate produced, with the highest mass of 190.6 g obtained using 7.0 M NaOH solution. The FTIR analyses show the existence of O-H, C-O, C=O, and CO3 -2, confirming the formation of Na2CO3. The C-S functional group was also detected most likely due to the presence of the sulfur that naturally exists in the coconut shell. The formation of Na2CO3 is also supported by the presence of C, Na, and O on the EDS results and the presence of the thermonatrite (Na2CO3.H2O) phase, as seen by the XRD. The XRD analysis of the sintered sample at 450 oC indicates the transformation of thermonatrite into sodium carbonate and sodium oxide, which is in accordance with the results of DTA/TGA analysis. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the proposed method can be applied to mitigation of CO2 gas released by the coconut shell industry.
Diversity and the Composition of Fatty Acids of Lipolytic Bacteria Isolated from Soil and Aquatic Sediment in a Forest and on an Oil Palm Plantation Wijayanti, Marini; Meryandini, Anja; Wahyudi, Aris Tri; Yuhana, Munti
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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Abstract

The specific bacteria in forests and on oil palm plantations are lipolytic bacteria. Their enzymes have been applied in the agro-aquaculture, food, detergent, pharmaceutical, dairy, and biodiesel-biokerosene industries. This study describes the diversity of cultivable lipolytic bacteria from soil and aquatic sediment in a forest and on an oil palm plantation and their fatty acid products. Soil samples used in this research were obtained from topsoil in a lowland forest and on an oil palm plantation and from sediments in fresh water near these sites. The forest is located in Bukit Duabelas National Park, and the oil palm plantation is near the forest in Sarolangun District, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Twenty-two isolates of lypolitic bacteria were selected from 32 isolates grown in lipolytic selective medium. The 22 consisted of 11 isolates from topsoil and 11 from aquatic sediment from the forest and plantation area. These isolates were identified by 16S rRNA-sequence data analysis. Taxonomically, they belonged to five genera: Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, Serratia, Acinetobacter, and Kurthia. The maximum likelihood tree showed that they are phylogenetically distributed in three clusters. They were clustered into three groups: the Burkholderia-Cupriavidus group, the Serratia-Acinetobacter group, and the Kurthia group. Their lipolytic enzymes formed various fatty acids after analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Some isolates formed essential fatty acids, such as linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA).
Phase Diagrams and Current Density Profiles of the Totally Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process in Two Dimensions, for a Three-Way Junction Septiana, Rini; Indriawati, Annisa; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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Abstract

This study explores a dynamical model called the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) in two dimensions (2D). An open boundary condition is specified for the model, and sequential updating dynamics are used as the dynamical rule. The system studied is a discrete 2D system of lattice sites, which are modified into a three-way junction. Two cases are considered: a three-way junction with two entrances and one exit, and a three-way junction with one entrance and two exits. The density and current density of the system are determined numerically, such that a phase diagram is obtained. The continuity equation describing the dynamics of particles in the system is solved by using a simple Euler method. The results show that the density and current density profiles, as functions of the lattice sites, are determined by the input and output rates at their boundaries. Moreover, the density phases obtained are combinations of the density phases of the TASEP, which yield a rich phase diagram
Suspension Stability and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticle–Coated Ketoprofen Based on Surfactants Oleic Acid and Poloxamer 188 Rasyid, Nur Qadri; Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Ambarsari, Laksmi; Syahbirin, Gustini
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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Abstract

In this research, ketoprofen was used as a drug model in the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles as a potential drug delivery system through the ionic gelation process with tripolyphosphate (TPP). The particle size analysis (PSA) revealed that the average particle size, polydispersity index (PI), and entrapment efficiency of chitosan nanoparticles prepared with oleic acid were 253.7 nm and 0.375 with drug entrapment efficiency of 73.30%. Those prepared with poloxamer 188 were 242.94 nm and 0.302 with drug entrapment efficiency of 87.89%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the shapes of the nanoparticles, both prepared with oleic acid and poloxamer 188, were intact and spherical. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated several differences between the spectra of chitosan- and ketoprofen-loaded chitosan nanoparticles; for example, a new peak at the wavenumber 1409/cm indicated the presence of electrostatic interaction between the carboxyl group of ketoprofen and the amino group of chitosan. The chitosan nanoparticle suspension prepared with poloxamer 188 showed smaller increases in turbidity and viscosity than that prepared with oleic acid after 34 d of storage.
Model of Steady State Cyclohexane Oxidation for Ketone-Alcohol (K-A) Oil Production Agustriyanto, Rudy; Fatmawati, Akbarningrum
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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Abstract

Cylohexane oxidation is of great industrial importance in the production of intermediates for the manufacture of nylon6 and nylon-6,6. Most cyclohexane is commercially converted into a cyclohexanone–cyclohexanol mixture (known as K-A oil) by catalytic oxidation. K-A (Ketone-Alcohol) oil is then used as a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam production. Practically, if the cyclohexanol content of KA oil is higher than that of cyclohexanone, it is more profitable to convert it into adipic acid; otherwise caprolactam production is more likely. The steady state cyclohexane oxidation reaction model in a stirred tank reactor for K-A oil production is presented and solved in this paper. The model was derived based on the mass balance and mass transfer equations using the kinetic equation. The set of algebraic equations was solved using non linear programming. The advantage of this method is that the relationship among variables can be better understood and an appropriate solution to the equation set can be obtained more quickly. Simulation results are particularly useful for process design such as in determining reactor dimensions and operating conditions.
Development of Immunochromatographic Strip Tests for Selective and Quantitative Detection of Melamine Wicaksono, Wiyogo P.; Ivandini, Tribidasari A.; Saepudin, Endang; Einaga, Yasuaki
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 18, No. 3
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Abstract

An immunochromatographic strip test based on the complex reaction of antigen-antibody (melamine-antimelamine) was developed for quantitative detection of melamine. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were used to form AuNP-labeled antibody, which then acted as a biosensor. Melamine quantification was performed by the determination of AuNP using anodic stripping voltammetry technique with a boron-doped diamond as the working electrode. With sample volume of 100 µL and immunoreaction time of 7 min, the developed immunochromatographic strip test produced a linear calibration curve for melamine concentration range of 0–0.6 mg/L, with detection limit of 0.1 mg/L and RSD of ~5%. Furthermore, negative results were obtained for samples containing cyanuric acid and urea, indicating that the developed immunochromatographic strip test has potential for selective and quantitative detection of melamine.

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