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Muammar Fawwaz
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Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Jl. Urip Sumohardjo KM 5 Kampus II, Makassar 90231, Indonesia
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Pharmaceutical Reports
Published by Universitas Muslim Indonesia
ISSN : 28286030     EISSN : 28288734     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33096/pharm%20rep.v1i2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmaceutical Reports is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, which was first published in 2022. We published two times a year in January-June and July-December. Our mission is to advance the science and practice of pharmaceutical research by working to develop and maintain competence, ethics, and integrity, and the highest professional standards in the specialty for the benefit of the public. Pharmaceutical Reports publishes studies that contribute to an understanding of some specific areas in pharmaceutical sciences including the following: - Analytical chemistry of organic and natural product compounds using instrumental analysis in pharmaceutical sciences including spectroscopy and chromatography method. - Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of biologically active compounds, diagnostic agents, or labeled ligands employed as pharmacological tools. - Molecular modifications of reported series that lead to a significantly improved understanding of their structure-activity relationships (SAR). - Structural biological studies (X-ray, NMR, etc.) of relevant ligands and targets with the aim of investigating molecular recognition processes in the action of biologically active compounds. - Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics - Novel & Targeted Drug Delivery - Pharmacology & Toxicology - Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Microbiology - Pharmacy Practice & Hospital Pharmacy - Drug Regulatory Affairs
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Ilmu Farmasi
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports" : 8 Documents clear
Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus L.) Using the CUPRAC Method Arifin, Marina; Pratama, Mamat; Fawwaz, Muammar; Aminah, Aminah
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.356

Abstract

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.), which belongs to the Pandanaceae family, is widely used by local Papuan people as a source of food, natural dyes, and traditional medicinal ingredients. Red fruit contains several compounds such as tannins, vitamin C, beta carotene, and flavonoids. This research aims to determine the presence of antioxidant activity using the Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method. Antioxidant capacity using the CUPRAC method is expressed as mg of ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) per g of juice (mgAAE/g). The method is measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the maximum wavelength. Ascorbic acid was used as a comparison to assess the antioxidant ability of red fruit juice. The results showed that the antioxidant activity capacity of red fruit juice was 100.4 mgAAE/g. Thus, red fruit can be developed as a natural antioxidant.
Determination of Flavonoids Content of Gringsingan Stems (Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L) Kuntze) Extracted by Microwave Assisted Extraction Handayani, Selpida; Aminah, Aminah; Badu, Nurul Fadillah
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.357

Abstract

Gringsingan plant (Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L) kuntze) is an plant belonging to the lamiaceae family originating from Sinjai district, South Sulawesi. This plant is empirically used by the people of Sinjai district as a medicine to relieve stomach aches. The modern extraction method used is microwave-assisted extraction, which is an extraction method that uses microwave radiation to speed up extraction by heating the solvent quickly and efficiently. The aim of this research was to determine the value of total flavonoid content in Gringsingan (Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L) kuntze) stems extract based on microwave-assisted extraction. This research was carried out experimentally in the laboratory. The stages of this research began with preparing test samples, testing the quality of flavonoid compounds, and ended with determining the total flavonoid content of gringsingan stems, which then measured their absorption using a UV – Vis spectrophotometer. In this study, the results were obtained that the Gringsingan stem extract was positive for containing flavonoids based on identification results using the Wilstater reagent. This sample was also declared positive for containing flavonoids based on the thin layer chromathography (TLC) test using the AICI3 specific reagent. Determination of the total flavonoid content of Gringsingan stem extract based on microwave assisted extraction. Obtained was 17.949 mgQE/g.
In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bajakah Tampala Root (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Maskur, Sri Karina; Tahir, Masdiana; Razak, Rais
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.358

Abstract

Bajakah tampala root (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. Flavonoid compounds have pharmacological effects, namely anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of bajakah tampala root by inhibiting protein denaturation in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and diclofenac sodium as positive control. The extract was prepared by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The results showed that the ethanol extract of bajakah tampala root had a percentage of inhibition of 31.27% at the lowest concentration (10 ppm) and 43.28% at the highest concentration (50 ppm) with an IC50 value of 77.92 µg/mL and the ic50 value of diclofenac sodium is 12.26 µg/mL. The percentage of inhibition that is more than 20% is considered to have inhibitory power in the protein denaturation process. So, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of bajakah root has potential as an anti-inflammatory.
Analysis Of Determining Flavonoid Contents In Red Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Extract Using Multiple Methods Arzak, La Ode Miftahul; Pratama, Mamat
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.297

Abstract

Shallots contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, kaempferol, flavonglycosides and quercetin. This research aims to conduct a literature study on the analysis of the levels of flavonoid compounds in shallots (Allium cepa L). This research uses a literature study where references are obtained through the Google Scholar and Elsevier websites, then articles are selected that match the criteria in the literature study. Based on the search carried out, 7 correct articles were obtained. From the results of the literature study, it can be concluded that the assay methods that can be used to determine the flavonoid content of shallots are High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. And there are also several flavonoid derivative compounds contained in shallots from published articles, such as quercetin and anthocyanin.
Flavonoid content analysis of ethanol extract of kluwih (Atrocarpus camansi) fruit seeds by UV-Vis spectrophotometry Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Muflihunna, Andi; Sarmila, Sarmila
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.359

Abstract

Kluwih is traditionally used to lower cholesterol levels, blood pressure and help treat diabetes. Kluwih (Arocarpus camansi) is one of the plants that contains various types of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolics, steroids, and flavonoids. The content of these metabolites plays a major role in its pharmacological activities. This study aims to determine the flavonoid levels contained in the ethanol extract of kluwih fruit seeds (Atrocarpus camansi). This study used UV-Vis spectrophotometric method with potassium acetate reagent 120Mm and aluminum chloride 2% to form a yellow color solution and as a comparison used quercetin. The results showed that the average flavonoid content of ethanol extract of kluwih fruit seeds (Atrocarpus camansi) was 6.750 mg ± 1.35 QE/g extract.
Retrosynthesis Strategy in Organic Chemistry Fawwaz, Muammar
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.354

Abstract

Retrosynthetic analysis represents a cornerstone of modern organic synthesis, providing a rational and highly systematic framework for the design and planning of complex molecular architectures. This strategy involves the stepwise disconnection of a target molecule into progressively simpler intermediates and ultimately into commercially available or readily accessible starting materials. By focusing on strategic bond disconnections and functional group interconversions, retrosynthesis facilitates the identification of key synthetic transformations, allowing chemists to navigate backward from the desired product to a feasible synthetic route. The integration of this methodology enables the optimization of reaction sequences in terms of step economy, atom economy, stereoselectivity, and overall synthetic efficiency. Furthermore, retrosynthetic planning is indispensable in the synthesis of biologically active compounds, natural products, and pharmaceutical agents, where the construction of complex frameworks demands both creativity and precision. As such, retrosynthesis not only streamlines the synthetic process but also enhances the reliability, scalability, and reproducibility of organic synthesis, making it an essential tool in both academic research and industrial applications.
Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam) by a UV–Vis Spectrophotometer Sulaeman, Nur Rachmi; Pratama, Mamat; Kusuma, Andi Trihadi
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.360

Abstract

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) belongs to the pandanacea family. This plant contains compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids and alkaloids and has properties in curing various diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, cancer and HIV/AIDS. This study aims to determine the total flavonoid content of red fruit juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam) using a UV - Vis spectrophotometer. The stages carried out in this research began with sample preparation, qualitative testing of flavonoid compounds and determining the total flavonoid content of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) samples. The results obtained in this study based on a qualitative test using NaOH reagent stated that red fruit juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam) was positive for containing flavonoids and in a quantitative test using a UV - Vis spectrophotometer the percent concentration obtained in the red fruit juice sample was 8.7258%.
The Antioxidant Activity of Red Fruit Juice (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Using The FRAP Method Ainunnisa, Mufti; Fawwaz, Muammar; Pratama, Mamat
Pharmaceutical Reports Vol 4, No 1 (2025): (March) Pharmaceutical Reports
Publisher : Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v4i1.355

Abstract

Red fruit is a member of the Pandanaceae family which is a type of pandan. Empirically, red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) has been proven to cure various degenerative diseases such as cancer, heart disease, tuberculosis, respiratory tract disorders, external antiseptic and eye and skin diseases. The aim of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity of red fruit juice using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. The juice was tested qualitatively and quantitatively using the FRAP method. The qualitative test results after adding the FRAP reagent were positive for antioxidant activity because the color changed to blue. In quantitative determination of absorbance, antioxidant activity was measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Absorbance was measured at a maximum wavelength of 701 nm using ascorbic acid as a reference solution. The equation obtained is y = 0.0103x + 0.3801 with a value of r = 0.9978. The total antioxidant activity value was calculated based on absorption data. The calculation results for the total antioxidant activity value were 173.68 mgAAE/L sample. Therefore, we can conclude that red fruit can be used as a natural antioxidant.

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