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Jurnal Ilmiah Sains
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 14123770     EISSN : 25409840     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.v22i2.40961
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains (Journal of Scientific Sciences) is the Journals Published by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Published Twice a Year, i.e April and October. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains  welcomes full research articles in the area of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from the following subject areas: Mathematics Statistics Computer Science Physics Chemistry Biology
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 345 Documents
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Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anticancer Potential of Belulang Grass (Eleusine indica) Vanda Selvana Kamu; Max Revolta John Runtuwene; Jetlee Merentek; Harry Steven Julius Koleangan; Maureen Kumaunang
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 1, April 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i1.58431

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities of the belulang grass plant (Eleusine indica). Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. Antibacterial activity was determined using the disk diffusion method, cytotoxicity was determined using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and anticancer activity was evaluated using the MTS assay. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the extracts and solvent fractions of Eleusine indica had the highest average value for the n-hexane fraction (FNH) at 35.0%, ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) at 56.4%, aqueous fraction (FA) at 30.3%, and methanol extract (EM) at 32.5%. Among these, the highest value was obtained in FEA, while the lowest was obtained in FA. Based on the cytotoxicity test with the BSLT method, the ethyl acetate fraction had an LC50 value of 7.384 ppm, categorizing it as highly toxic. However, in cytotoxicity testing with HeLa cells, the IC50 value for the ethyl acetate fraction was 223.70 ppm, indicating that the ethyl acetate fraction was less active against HeLa cervical cancer cells. Keywords: Eleusine indica; belulang grass; cytotoxic; HeLa cells
Analisis Fitokimia Hasil GC-MS Parmelia sulcata (Ascomycota : Parmeliaceae) Sebagai Pewarna Alami Muzzazinah Muzzazinah; Awanda Elrita Putri; Nurmiyati Nurmiyati; Alanindra Saputra
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 1, April 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i1.56404

Abstract

A Parmelia sulcata is the largest family of lichen fungi, consisting of around 2,700 species spread across 80 countries. Lichen is an organism resulting from symbiosis between fungi and algae. This research aims to analyze the phytochemical results and find out whether Parmelia sulcata has potential as a natural dye to be applied to natural fiber fabrics. The research location is Tanen Village, Kemuning, Ngargoyoso, Central Java. Sample exploration was carried out using the exploration method, the samples were analyzed using GC-MS, where from the GC-MS results there were various compounds, therefore the researchers wanted to provide laboratory test data regarding the chemical content of the Parmelia sulcata species. Phytochemical and GC-MS test results are as follows: 3,5-Dihydroxytoluene 33.77%; 2-[3' Hydroxypropyl]-1,4-Benzenediol 3.32%; 1,3-Benzenediol, 2-Methyl 3.75%; Resorcyclic Beta Acid, 6-Methyl, Methyl Ester 1.43%; Resorcyclic Beta Acid, 6-Methyl, Methyl Ester 8.56%; 3-Cyclohexene-1-Methanol,6-1(1-Hydroxycyclopentyl)-, Cis 1.91%; Resorcyclic Beta Acid, 6-Methyl, Methyl Ester 37.15%; Acetonitrile, 9h-Pyrolo[1,2-A] Indole-9-Ylidene 1.00%; Fluoranthene-2-Carboxaldehyde 3.62%, this shows that Parmelia sulcata has less potential to be used as a natural dyes. Keywords: Phytochemistry; Compound Content; Parmelia sulcata; Natural Dyes
Flavonoid Levels in Beluntas Leaves (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) in Lamongan Regency Using a Spectrophotometer UV-Vis Faizatul Fitria; Farida Noor Arifah; Prima Agusti Lukis; Sofira Dwi Meylinda Sari
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 1, April 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i1.56217

Abstract

The beluntas plant (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that is rich in secondary metabolite compounds, one of which is flavonoids. The level of flavonoid compounds in beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) is quite large, around 2.79%. Flavonoids in beluntas leaves provide the greatest biological activity at 63.1%, and can be used for health. The purpose of this study is to determine the total flavonoid levels of beluntas leaf extract from Lamongan regency using Spektrophotometer UV-Vis with quersetin as standart. The extraction method used is maceration with 70% ethanol solvent and the ratio of simplicia and solvent is (1:5). The presence of flavonoid compounds was determined by qualitative tests using concentrated HCl reagents and Mg powder. Total flavonoid levels were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a quercetin standard measured at a wavelength of 408 nm for 2 minutes. Positive results are shown from qualitative tests by a change in orange color. The beluntas leaf extract obtained was 56.024 grams with a yield of 14.006%. The total flavonoid content from measurements using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer was 6.522%. Keywords: Beluntas leaves; flavonoids; maceration; secondary metabolites; Spectrophotometer UV-Vis
Antioxidant and Sunscreen Activities of Ethanol Extract Body Lotion Preparation of Dewandaru Leaves (Eugenia Uniflora L.) Khoirul Anwar; Gharsina Ghaisani Yumni; Aulia Septiani Putri; Melani Putri Britama
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 1, April 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i1.58632

Abstract

Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora L.) is one of the plants that has antioxidant properties and activity as a sunscreen, so to facilitate its use it must be formulated in the form of body lotion. This study aims to test the antioxidant and sunscreen activity of a body lotion preparation from dewandaru leaf extract. Ethanol extract of dewandaru leaves is obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol. The ethanol extract of dewadaru leaves was identified as an active compound using phytochemical screening and FTIR. The body lotion formulation uses an extract with a concentration of 5% (F1); 10% (F2) and 15% (F3). Body lotion was tested for antioxidant and sunscreen activity using the ABTS method and the Mansur equation. The results of the absorbance data were analyzed using linear regression to obtain the IC₅₀ value and SPF value.   The results of phytochemical screening showed that dewandaru leaf extract contained phenolic compounds and flavonoids. It was proven by the FTIR test results that the ethanol extract of dewandaru leaves contains flavonoid compounds such as dihydroflavonol which have the functional groups OH, aliphatic CH, C=O and C–O. Evaluation of the physical characteristics of body lotion preparations, all formulas meet the requirements. Dewandaru leaf ethanol extract body lotion has strong antioxidant activity in all formulas and the best antioxidant activity results were obtained at F3 with an IC50 value of 59.85 ppm. Dewandaru leaf ethanol extract body lotion has the potential as a sunscreen with an SPF value of F1, namely 7.5675 in the extra protection category, F2, namely 16.1866 in the ultra protection category, and F3, namely 17.003 in the ultra protection category. So based on the results above, the greater the concentration, the stronger the antioxidant activity and sunscreen activity obtained. Keywords: Antioxidants; body lotion; dewandaru leaves; sunscreen
Effectiveness of Activated Carbon from Corn Cobs (Zea mays L.) as an Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dyes Henry Fonda Aritonang; Fajar Saut Hamonangan Sitinjak; Audy Denny Wuntu; Harry Julius Koleangan; Widya Astuti Lolo
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.58742

Abstract

Wastewater treatment is one of the methods used to reduce pollution levels and the harmful effects of wastewater on the environment and human health. Wastewater containing dye substances also has the potential to kill organisms living in the surrounding environment. One solution for treating synthetic wastewater is through the adsorption process. The adsorbent used is derived from corn cobs (Zea mays L.), so the aim of this study is to synthesize and evaluate activated carbon from corn cobs as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB). To achieve this, the pyrolysis method was employed by placing corn cobs in a furnace heated to 600 °C for 3 hours. The resulting activated carbon was then treated with either H₂SO₄ or NaOH for activation.The produced activated carbon was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) to analyze its crystal structure, functional groups, morphology, and elemental composition. Characterization results revealed that the activated carbon had a small crystallite size and irregular pores. Adsorption tests using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer demonstrated that corn cob-based activated carbon efficiently adsorbed MB. The highest adsorption efficiency was achieved at a contact time of 90 minutes (99.03%), pH 7 (99.01%), and a concentration of 50 ppm (99.17%) using 0.1 grams of adsorbent. Adsorption isotherm analysis indicated that the process followed the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous adsorbent surface. Keywords: Adsorbent; activated carbon; methylene blue; sodium hydroxide; corn cobs
Incorporation of Lokon Ash, Plastic and Fish Scales Waste in Concrete Composites and Their Compressive Strength Maria Daurina Bobanto; Dolfie Paulus Pandara; Maureen Kumaunang; Gerald Hendrik Tamuntuan; Ferdy Ferdy; Riskivany Marsaoly
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.59325

Abstract

Sustainable construction efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production suggest incorporating pozzolanic and waste materials into concrete composites. This research focuses on evaluating the compressive strength of concrete composites that include Mount Lokon volcanic ash, plastic waste, and fish scale waste. The study was conducted through several stages: preparation of raw materials, production of concrete composites with varying mix ratios, curing for 14–28 days, and compressive strength testing using a Compression Testing Machine (CTM). The findings indicate that replacing 7% of cement with Lokon ash provides the best compressive strength, reaching 2.7 MPa after 14 days of curing. When plastic is used as an aggregate at 13% in a mix of 13% cement, 7% Lokon ash, and 67% sand, the compressive strength improves to 3.7 MPa after 28 days of curing. The inclusion of 7% fish scale waste in the composite increases compressive strength, though it still falls short of the minimum strength required by SNI standards. Lokon ash, plastic, and fish scale waste have potential for use in non-structural concrete blocks. Further research is required to better understand the role of fish scale waste as a filler in concrete blends with cement, Lokon ash, plastic, and sand. The integration of these materials supports the advancement of sustainable construction practices.
Identification of Parasitoid Insects in the Coastal Area of Temboan Village in the Biological Control of the Coconut Pest Beetle Plesispa reichei Chapuis Tartius Timpal; Meitha J.W Lepar; Conny M Mandagi
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 1, April 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i1.59507

Abstract

This study aims to discover and identify types of parasitoid insects found in the coastal area of Temboan Village and examine their potential in biological population control of the pest Plesispa reichei. The research methodology consisted of four stages. 1) A preliminary survey, which included field observations of the physical characteristics of the study area, 2) Data collection for species identification, recording the number of species, and determining population size, 3) Data processing and analysis related to diversity and dominance, 4) The final stage involved drawing conclusions. This research reveals the presence of several species of parasitoid insects from the Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea families, which exhibit high parasitism rates against this pest. The existence of these parasitoid insects suggests that biological control could be an effective strategy for managing the coconut plant ecosystem in the coastal area of Temboan Village. Apparently, this study identified only one type of pupal parasitoid, Tetrastichus brontispae  on the coconut pest Plesispa reichei in the coastal area of Temboan and its surroundings. The high parasitism rate (50.5%) indicates that T. brontispae is highly effective as a biological control agent. This supports the use of parasitoids as a sustainable alternative for controlling Plesispa reichei populations. Keywords: Parasitoid Identification; Biological Control; Coconut Pest Beetle
A Aktivitas Antikanker Sel Murine Leukimia P-388 dan Analisis ADMET Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Metanol Kayu Lawang secara In Silico Jonathan Cavin Ezra Sinaga; Hartanto Bisma; Dewa Gede Katja; Lidya Irma Momuat; Max Revolta John Runtuwene
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 1, April 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i1.59759

Abstract

Lawang wood (Cinnamomum culilaban L. Presl.) is often used by the public as a traditional medicine. It has been studied to have inhibitory activity on one type of murine leukemia cell protein P-388, namely cyclin-dependent kinase 2, this protein is important in the process of blood cell malignancy. This research aims to determine the potential of the bioactive compounds contained in lawang wood in inhibiting the action of the cyclin-ependent kinase 2 protein (PDB ID: 5D1J) by molecular docking as well as evaluating the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of lawang wood bioactive compounds. lawang wood bioactive compounds were extracted using methanol solvent and identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Molecular docking was carried out using PyRx software by docking at the active site of the cyclin-ependent kinase 2 protein receptor followed by Lipinski's rule of five testing, and ADMET screening using SwissADME and admetSAR. The GC-MS results of lawang wood methanol extract contained 9 bioactive compound components. The molecular docking results were compared with the molecular docking results of the native ligand which was used as a control in this study. Based on the results obtained, the compound 4-Phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione has the lowest binding affinity value (-7,7 kcal/mol). The five best compounds, namely 4-Phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione, 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 5,7-dimethoxy-, 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 4,7-dimethoxy-, Camphore, and Safrole fulfilled Lipinski's rules and showed good results in ADMET analysis. Keywords: Cinnamomum culilaban L Presl.; mololecular docking; cyclin-dependent kinase 2; ADMET predictions
Pengaruh ENSO Terhadap Kejadian Upwelling di Perairan Kota Bengkulu (Studi Kasus : El Nino 2023) Angeli silaban; Septi Johan; Lizalidiawati Lizalidiawati
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 1, April 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i1.60370

Abstract

One of the areas affected by the ENSO phenomenon is the waters of Kota Bengkulu. The 2023 El Nino event was categorized as strong, making it essential to understand its impact on upwelling in the waters of Kota Bengkulu. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of the 2023 El Nino on the upwelling phenomenon in the waters of Kota Bengkulu. The data used in this study were obtained from Marine Copernicus and NOAA, consisting of monthly averages over a two-year period (2022–2024). The research method applied is descriptive and quantitative. The descriptive method illustrates the 2D distribution of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Height (SSH), and Chlorophyll-a during the 2023 El Nino event. Meanwhile, the quantitative method analyzes the values of SST, SSH, and Chlorophyll-a corresponding to the period of the El Nino event. The results indicate that the strong El Nino of 2023 caused a significant decrease in sea surface temperature, reaching 26.9°C in September 2023. This decline in SST was attributed to upwelling in the waters of Kota Bengkulu, driven by the Southeast Monsoon coinciding with the strong El Nino event, which had an ONI value of 1.8°C. The occurrence of upwelling was also indicated by a lower SSH in October 2023, recorded at 0.2 m. Additionally, Chlorophyll-a concentration increased in October 2023, reaching 16.2 mg m⁻³, following the decrease in SST in September 2023. The peak of the 2023 El Nino in October further intensified the upwelling event that year. Keywords: chlorophyll-a; ENSO; sea surface height; sea surface temperature; upwelling
Optimization Media for the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris in Co-Culture with Bacteria Sitoresmi Prabaningtyas; Fairus Zain; Dila Amelia; Raden Roro Ranty Kusumaningayu; Dhiyauddin Aridhowi; Achmad Rodiansyah; Ida Mawadah; Dita Ayu Eka Saputri
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 25 Issue 2, October 2025
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v25i2.61326

Abstract

The demand for fuel energy in Indonesia is continuously rising, while the availability of fossil fuels is increasingly limited. Consequently, an alternative renewable biodiesel feedstock, such as the microalga Chlorella vulgaris, is urgently needed. One effective strategy to boost microalgal biomass is through co-culture with bacteria, as the positive interactions between the two have been proven to accelerate microalgal growth rates via various mechanisms. As an essential factor in the cultivation process, the selection of a culture medium that provides optimal nutrition is a crucial step to support maximum C. vulgaris growth. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the optimization of both the culture medium and the bacterial co-culture technique to maximize C. vulgaris proliferation. We compared the effectiveness of two culture media (Gusrina Medium and Guillard Medium) and two levels of bacterial addition (monoculture and co-culture). Cultivation was performed in a photobioreactor with a 12-hour on : 12-hour off aeration cycle and a 16-hour light : 8-hour dark photoperiod. The results demonstrate that microalgae-bacteria co-culture in Gusrina Medium yielded the most optimal C. vulgaris cell growth. The best bacterial combination utilized in the co-culture consisted of IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) producing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and amylolytic bacteria. This specific combination of medium and bacteria is recommended for the large-scale development of C. vulgaris biomass as a sustainable biodiesel feedstock.

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