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INDONESIA
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal
Published by Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28297520     DOI : https://doi.org/10.56144/igj.v1i3
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
As all geotechnical engineers are aware of, soil behaviour can vary significantly from places to places. Design methodologies available in existing literature, especially on correlations of soil investigation and soil parameters, may not apply to local conditions. It is necessary to tailor well-established knowledge to the geotechnical problems related to Indonesia. The Indonesian Geotechnical Journal aims to address this problem by providing an open-access peer-reviewed journal. This journal provides a platform for authors to publish their state-of-the-art knowledge for practicing engineers as well as the academic society. Although the Indonesian Geotechnical Journal is intended to provide an outlet for Indonesia geotechnical research, suitable contributions from other countries will be most welcomed. Indonesia has a very complex geology, a meeting point of two continental plates and two oceanic plates. This means that the soil conditions in different part of Indonesia can vary greatly. Being at the meeting point of tectonic plates also mean that Indonesia, in addition to earthquake prone, has hilly and mountainous terrains. Further aggravating the conditions, Indonesia has a tropical climate, meaning high rainfall. Hilly terrain with high rainfall and earthquake is a recipe for slope failures. Mitigation of slope failure is something sought throughout Indonesia. Indonesia also has significant soft soil problems, with the fast-paced development of infrastructure in the recent years, various ground improvement techniques were adopted. The success and not so successful stories can be shared through the Indonesian Geotechnical Journal. Allowing exchange of knowledge and experience to enable engineers to build a better Indonesia. The scopes of topics include soil and rock mechanics, material properties and fundamental behaviour, site characterization, foundations, excavations, tunnels, dams and embankments, slopes, landslides, geological and rock engineering, ground improvement, bio-geotechnics, Geotechnical earthquake engineering, liquefactions, waste management, geosynthetics, offshore engineering, risk and reliability applications, physical and numerical modelling, and case-history.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Teknik Geologi dan Geologi Teknik
Articles 70 Documents
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The Effect of Adding Spent Bleaching Earth on Clay Stabilization to CBR Value Efan Tifani; Lizar; Noerdin Basir
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Vol.4, No .1, April 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i1.96

Abstract

SBE (Spent Bleaching Earth) from the process of refining palm oil is recently categorized as non-B3 (hazardous and toxic materials) material by the new Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 22 Year 2021 (PP 22/2021) . Not only SBE is abundant, it also has waterproof properties and good cohesion, potentially applicable as subgrade for road when mixed with clay. This paper look into the utilization of SBE to stabilize clay, which usually has a Californian Bearing Ratio (CBR) of 2%, improving its CBR to the minimum required value for subgrade of 6%.The clay specimen used has a fine content of 93.05%, with liquid limit of 45.51% and plasticity index of 17.56%. Based on the AASHTO classification, the clay is categorized as clayey soil (A-7-6). The maximum dry density (MDD) obtained for the clay specimen (100% clay) from the standard proctor test is 1.424 gr/cm3 at an optimum moisture content (OMC) of 18.77%. For a 75% to 25% mixture of clay specimen and SBE, the MDD reduces to 1.318 gr/cm3 and OMC increases to 21.19%. At 50% to 50% mixture of clay specimen and SBE, the MDD further drops to 1.278 gr/cm3 and OMC also further increases to 24.35%. The obtained Laboratory CBR value for 100% clay, 75%-25% clay-SBE mixture and 50%-50% clay-SBE mixture are 4.81%, 3.45% and 2.70%, respectively. From the test results, it can be concluded that addition of SBE does not improve the CBR value.  
Sensitivity Analysis of Correlation Distance (R) Parameter Value to PGA Value by Using PSHA Method Sandi, Kurnia; Hutagaol, Agnes Glory Emanuela; Syahbana, Arifan Jaya
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Vol.4, No .1, April 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i1.100

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries prone to earthquakes due to its geographical condition, which is located at the confluence of three main tectonic plates: the Indo-Australian Plate, the Eurasian Plate, and the Pacific Plate. In the context of earthquakes, the terms correlation distance and PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) are known.  Problems in correlation distance (R) only exist in background source earthquakes because of the Smoothed Gridded Seismicity process. PGA is a measure of the maximum ground acceleration that occurs during an earthquake. PGA is used in earthquake engineering to assess the potential damage that may be caused by an earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to determine the effects of the correlation distance parameter (R) on the PGA value using USGS PSHA software. The data used in this study are background earthquake data obtained from the National Earthquake Center Catalog (PuSGeN) in 2017. The research locations include Banten, Lampung, Southeast Sulawesi, West Sumatra, Gorontalo, and Bali. These locations were chosen because of their geographical conditions which are located near or around tectonic plates, making them prone to earthquakes. This research utilizes several modules from the USGS PSHA, namely AgridMLsm, HazgridXnga2, and HazallXL to process background earthquake data using ArcMap software from ArcGIS. The correlation distance (R) used in this study is 25, 50, 75, and 100 km. From the six provinces used as research locations, it is concluded that the difference in distance affects the resulting PGA values. In general, the greater the correlation distance value, the greater the PGA value. However, there are some points where the smaller the correlation distance, the larger the PGA value because these points are close to many earthquake sources.
Thermal and suction effects on the anisotropic elastic shear moduli under various stress conditions Bentil, Obed Takyi; Zhou, Chao
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Vol.4, No .1, April 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i1.109

Abstract

The elastic shear modulus of soils plays a pivotal role in assessing the serviceability of various geotechnical engineering infrastructures, particularly those subjected to fluctuating temperatures and suction levels. Despite its significance, the combined influence of temperature and suction on the elastic shear modulus remains inadequately explored. This study endeavours to improve the understanding of temperature and suction-dependent elastic shear modulus by employing an oedometer and an advanced triaxial apparatus capable of controlling temperature and suction, integrated with bender element probes and local strain measurement techniques. The investigation focuses on the anisotropic behaviour of the elastic modulus across a temperature range of 5 to 40ºC and suction values between 0 and 300 kPa under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. At the same temperature, the elastic shear modulus increases with an increase in suction, which is mainly attributed to stiffening effects of water meniscus with increasing suction. The results consistently indicate a decrease in the shear modulus after heating for all stress levels and suction conditions investigated. This heating-induced reduction can be attributed to several factors, including the reduction of interparticle forces and the decrease in air-water surface tension due to heating. Furthermore, the extent of the reduction in shear modulus depends upon the orientation of the shear plane, highlighting a significant change in the degree of anisotropy post-heating. This study sheds light on the complex interplay between temperature, suction, and the elastic shear modulus of soils and underscores the necessity for incorporating these coupled effects into the design and analysis of geotechnical structures under varying environmental conditions.
Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and 3D Finite Element Analysis to Safety Assessment of a Roller-Compacted Concrete Dam During Operation Pham, Nguyen Hoang; Do, Tuan-Nghia; Nguyen, Lan Chau
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Vol.4, No .1, April 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i1.115

Abstract

This paper presents the combination of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and 3D finite element analysis to assess safety of a roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dam. The investigated case is the Ban Lai dam, located in Lang Son province, Vietnam. The deformations of the dam surface at three different storage water levels were firstly scanned by point cloud through TLS and then back analyzed using the 3D finite element software (Plaxis). The numerical analysis was adopted to calculate vertical normal stress and horizontal normal stress along the stream direction caused by the dam deformation in order to assess its safety during operation. Results showed that the dam surface’s deformations by the numerical analysis and TLS were very close to each other and also approximate to those of total station. When the storage water level rose, both the maximum (tensile) normal stresses and the minimum (compressive) normal stresses decreased but the dam remained at a safe state. The constructed relationship between the vertical and horizontal normal stresses with the storage water level could help to roughly determine the normal stress corresponding to any storage water level and judge the safety of the dam. Finally, a flow chart of the integration between TLS and 3D finite element analysis was proposed to assess dam safety for other cases.
Stability Analysis of Nickel Haul Road Embankment Slopes in Southeast Sulawesi Granitio Irwan, Andesta; Mirza Rezky, Danu
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Vol.4, No .1, April 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i1.117

Abstract

The stability of embankment slopes is strongly influenced by the embankment material. Embankments are often constructed for mining haul roads, and those roads are subjected to large loads with high intensities. In this paper, stability analysis of a nickel haul road in Southeast Sulawesi is presented. For the case presented in this paper, the embankment is constructed on a saprolite layer using lateritic soil. Boreholes were conducted along the haul road to determine the soil profile. Disturbed samples of the lateritic soil were also taken to obtain its compaction behaviour and shear strength. Based on the soil stratigraphy and fill material properties, a parametric study varying the slope height (2.5 m to 10 m) and slope inclination (25º to 45º) is conducted. The results show that safety factors vary approximately linear with slope inclination, while safety factors reduce with increasing slope height, but at a reducing rate. Overall, even at the highest slope height and steepest slope inclination, a factor of safety higher than 1.3 is still obtained. That means the haul road embankment can be built safely for the site analyzed in this paper
Case Studies and Lower-bound Capacity Prediction of Precast Jacked Piles Installed in the Philippines Buensuceso, Benjamin III
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 4, No. 2, August 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i2.116

Abstract

This research compiles multiple case studies of a variety of precast jacked pile lengths and slenderness ratios tested with high-strain dynamic load pile tests (HSDPT) in the Luzon region of the Philippines. This allows for the exploration of the relationship between pile slenderness ratio, HSDPT ultimate capacity, and final jacking force (Pjack), the evaluation of existing empirical lower-bound predictions of ultimate capacity that utilize slenderness and Pjack, and the establishment of new lower-bound predictive formulas best-suited for the collected data. Four case studies are presented, with a total of 135 jacked, square, precast piles tested with HSDPTs included. Slenderness ratios in the four case studies ranged from 5.11 to 63.8. The ratio of an ultimate capacity measured in the HSDPT to Pjack, also called pressure ratio, was found to be a function of the slenderness ratio, with pressure ratios generally rising above 1.0 for piles with slenderness ratios above 30. Actual pressure ratios and ultimate capacities measured were also compared to two previously established empirical lower-bound predictions, with 93% and above of actual pressure ratios and capacities above those predicted. Two alternative lower-bound pressure ratio formulas that are a function of slenderness are also proposed, particularly to deal with low-slenderness piles in the database (L/D < 10) that cannot be adequately modeled by existing formulas.
Construction of Underground Linkway using 3-Sided Pipe Roof Method at Keppel Station, Singapore Ong, Terence; Tay, Joo King; Chen, Sai Sai
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 4, No. 2, August 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i2.119

Abstract

Singapore is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. In this land-scarce city-state, public transport plays a crucial role in reducing road congestion, with the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system serving as a key component. The Circle Line (CCL) is one of the major lines within the MRT network, designed to connect key points across the island and improve overall transit efficiency. To complete the orbital loop of CCL, three new stations (Keppel, Cantonment and Prince Edward) between Harbour Front and Marina Bay stations are planned. However, the area around the three stations is heavily developed, posing significant challenges for underground construction. This paper presents the construction of a 52 m-long underground linkway at Keppel Station. This underground linkway was proposed to connect one of the entrances to the station’s main box. This underground linkway was constructed beneath a live 9-lane carriageway and above two operational MRT tunnels, all of which remained fully functional throughout the construction process. Due to the presence of the carriageway which could not be diverted, a trenchless construction method known as the pipe roof method was adopted instead of the conventional cut-and-cover technique. The method employed a three-sided pipe roof along with ground improvement at the base of the excavation rather than the typical full enclosure pipe box system. This paper outlines the key design considerations and construction challenges encountered. It also discusses the observed performance of the mined excavation and compares it with predictions from a two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). The successful application of this design methodology provides a valuable reference for similar underground linkway construction in dense urban environments.
Effectiveness of buttress wall in reducing wall deflection for deep excavation supported by tied-back retaining wall systems: English Abdi, Ari Surya; Prakasa, Muhammad Dwiyanto Agung
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 4, No. 2, August 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i2.120

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of buttress walls (BWs) in reducing wall deflection and ground anchor force in deep excavations supported by tied-back retaining systems. A three-dimensional finite element model (3D FEM) was employed for the study. First, a well-documented excavation project located in Vietnam that adopted BW in combination with ground anchors was first back-analyzed to validate the numerical model. The results showed good agreement between computed wall deflections and field measurements across all excavation stages. In the Vietnam case study, the BW was temporary and was demolished after the final excavation stage. The ground anchors installed were to limit the wall deflection during BW demolition. Parametric studies were then conducted to assess two BW configurations: inner BW (I-BW), placed within the excavation area (Vietnam case), and outer BW (O-BW), located behind the retaining wall. The two configurations were analyzed with and without ground anchors. In addition, one run with only ground anchors was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of BW vs. ground anchors. Results show that both BW configurations reduced wall deflections and anchor forces, with O-BW performing slightly better in the absence of ground anchors due to additional frictional resistance between the BW and the retained soil throughout excavation stages. When ground anchors are used, the difference in performance between I-BW and O-BW becomes negligible due to increased system stiffness. For wall retained by ground anchors only, the deflection of wall is flexible, whilst wall retained by BW only shows rigid behaviour. The maximum deflection, however, is of similar magnitude when the wall is retained by O-BW only and ground anchors only. The deflection is slightly larger when retained by I-BW only. The findings highlight the potential of combining BWs with anchors to increase the rigidity of structural system and enhance excavation safety, particularly under complex soil conditions
Water Retention Curve of Soil at Simpang Meo Region South Sumatra Purnamawati; Gumay, Herdian; Gofar, Nurly
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 4, No. 2, August 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i2.122

Abstract

Steep slopes are typically formed on residual soil with deep groundwater levels; hence, the slopes are in the unsaturated zone. Therefore, in analyzing the stability of steep slopes, it is necessary to consider the properties of unsaturated soil. The main property of unsaturated soil is the Water Retention Curve (SWCC), which describes the relationship between matric suction and soil moisture content. Many methods are available to determine the SWCC of a soil, such as laboratory and field tests, as well as empirical equations. Laboratory testing is considered the best method for determining the SWCC. However, the laboratory work involved in the determination of SWCC is tedious; thus, several models have been developed by researchers to obtain SWCC. This study compares SWCC obtained based on the results of laboratory testing using an Osmotic Tensiometer assisted by soil shrinkage measurements using a 3-D scanner, and the SWCC obtained using the empirical equation proposed by Zapata for plastic soil based on the percentage of particles passing the No. 200 sieve and the soil plasticity index.   The soil samples were retrieved from a location in the Simpang Meo region in South Sumatra. Air entry value for the SWCC was obtained both graphically and deterministically. Both methods resulted in a lower air entry value (AEV) for the Zapata equation as compared to the osmotic tensiometer test. A lower AEV indicates that lower suction is required for water to enter the soil pores.  Therefore, analysis of rainfall infiltration and slope stability using SWCC curves estimated from the Zapata equation could result in later saturation of soil, hence a slightly higher factor of safety
Embankment on Pile: Performance Comparison of Bamboo and Mini Pile For Settlement Reduction and Stabilization of Embankment Over Soft Soil Kevin, Paulus
Indonesian Geotechnical Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Vol. 4, No. 2, August 2025
Publisher : Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56144/igj.v4i2.123

Abstract

Indonesia’s soft soil spreads across islands and it becomes one of the current challenges for newly constructed and existing infrastructure, particularly highways. To construct over it, consolidation and lightweight material methods have been utilized, however, this study will only discuss the embankment on pile method using bamboo cluster piles or mini piles. Based on finite element method (FEM) analysis, the embankment on the bamboo piles or mini piles can reduce settlement and increase the stability of the embankment. In a 30 cm-diameter bamboo cluster pile case, the settlement is reduced as the length/spacing (l/s) ratio increases and the safety factor also increases as the l/s ratio is higher. In terms of the mini pile case, it also has a similar trend where the settlement decreases as l/s increases, although this method has a lower settlement than bamboo. Also, the safety factor using mini pile in a similar l/s ratio is slightly higher than bamboo due to the significant differences in material properties. However, the bamboo material prospect is promising as this material is more sustainable with a smaller carbon footprint to construct than the mini pile counterpart.

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