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Repellent Activity of Catnip Extract (Nepeta cataria L,) Against Aedes aegypti Mosquito as Dengue Vector Doraysamy Doraysamy; Budi Mulyaningsih; Ernaningsih Ernaningsih
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dengue infection has been a major concern for decades. Prevention from getting bitten by Aedes aegypti mosquito is considered better than cure as there is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Recently, catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) extract has been formulated and marketed as an alternative for protection against mosquitoes and act as a natural form of mosquito repellent.Objectives: To understand the repelling properties of both DEET and N. cataria L. extract and to compare the repelling properties between DEET and N. cataria L. against Ae. aegypti mosquito.Methods: The repelling properties was tested based on the number of mosquitoes that sits on the hand of the respondent after being applied to the gold standard of mosquito repellent, DEET, and compared to N. cataria L. extract in different concentrations in total of 15 minutes.Results: Three different concentrations of catnip extract (10%, 30% and 50%) shows different efficacy in repelling Ae. aegypti mosquitoes at the range of 62.8%-80%, although the repellent activity is still lower than DEET that have 100% repellent activity.Conclusion: Catnip (N. cataria L) showed mosquitoes repellent properties at concentration 10-50% with repellent activity at the range 62.8%-80%. Keywords: Dengue, Aedes aegypti, repellent, DEET (N,N- Diethyl-m-toluamide), catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) extract. INTISARI Pendahuluan: Infeksi Dengue merupakan masalah utama selama berpuluh tahun. Pencegahan dengan menghindari gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dianggap lebih baik daripada mengobati karena tidak ada terapi antiviral yang spesifik untuk dengue. Akhir-akhir ini, ekstrak catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) telah diformulasi dan dipasarkan sebagai alternatif untuk perlindungan terhadap nyamuk dan berlaku sebagai bentuk alami dari repelen.Tujuan: Untuk memahami agen penolakan dari N,N- Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) dan ekstrak N. cataria L. extract dan membandingkan agen penolakan antara DEET dan N. cataria L. terhadap nyamuk Ae. aegypti.Metode: Agen penolakan diuji berdasarkan jumlah nyamuk yang mendarat di tangan responden setelah diolesi repelen nyamuk baku DEET, dan dibandingkan dengan ekstrak N. cataria L. pada berbagai konsentrasi selama total waktu 15 menit.Hasil: Tiga konsentrasi ekstrak catnip (10%, 30% and 50%) menunjukkan daya penolakan nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang berbeda pada rentang 62.8%-80%, meskipun aktivitas penolakan nyamuknya masih lebih rendah dari DEET yang mempunyai aktivitas penolakan 100%.Simpulan: Ekstrak Catnip (N. cataria L) menunjukkan daya penolakan nyamuk pada konsentrasi 10-50% dengan aktivitas repelant antara 62.8%-80%.Kata kunci: Dengue, Aedes aegypti, repellent, DEET (N,N- Diethyl-m-toluamide), ekstrak catnip (Nepeta cataria L.).

Association of hydrazine and SGPT level two hours after drug administration at the end of intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients Ave Olivia Rahman; Jarir At Thobari; Mustofa Mustofa
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Isoniazid in the regiment treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients causes side effects. Hepatotoxicity is one of the isoniazid’s side effects that need medical attention. Isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity has no correlation with high level of isoniazid in plasma. However, several animal studies show it has an association with hydrazine, a metabolite of isoniazid. The role of hydrazine in isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis patients is unclear.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of hydrazine and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels at two hours after drug administration in the end of intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Methods: This was an observational study with cross-sectional design. Fifty eight newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled in this study. Venous blood sampling was collected at two hours after drug administration in the end of intensive phase treatment. SGPT level was measured by an automatic chemical analyzer. Hydrazine level was measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical significance was analyzed using correlation test.Results and Discussion: The incidence of hepatotoxicity was 3.4% and about 8.6% patients had elevated SGPT at two hours after drug administration in the end of intensive phase treatment. There was no correlation between hydrazine level and SGPT levels in this study. These results indicated that hepatotoxicity or minimal liver damage in some patients might occur in the administration of standard dose isoniazid. It might be caused by isoniazid’s metabolites itself, or various other factors.Conclusions: There was no correlation between hydrazine level and SGPT levels at 2 hours after drug administration in the end of intensive phase treatment in this study.

The Risk Factors Associated with HIV Infection among Attendees at Edelweiss Clinic, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta Nurul Nadiah Binti Muhamad Shaidi; Yanri Wijayanti Subroto; Sumardi Sumardi
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Indonesia are transmitted by using contaminated injecting equipment, unprotected paid sex, and unsafe sex between men. The spread of HIV is further exacerbated by several factors, including a widespread commercial sex industry, high prevalence rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and its insufficient clinical services, as well as the very low rate of condom use. However, data regarding the risk factors of HIV infection in Yogyakarta is limited.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors of HIV infection among attendees tested for HIV at Edelweiss Clinic, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta in 2008.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 58 participants who divided into HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups. Demographic and risk factor data were collected from medical records. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results: Among HIV-positive patients, 65.4% were sexually active and 19.2% were drug users. Although it was not statistically significant, sexually active might be associated with HIV infection. Among sexually active HIV-positive individuals, 41.2% had multiple partners. However, its association with the disease was weak (r = 0.115). Injecting drug users (IDUs) had higher risk getting HIV infection (r = 0.115) compare to sexually active individuals (r = 0.000). Anal sex (r = 0.038) had a weak association with HIV-positive status.Conclusion: Sexually active was a risk factor of HIV infection among attendees tested for HIV at Edelweiss Clinic. The chance of virus transmission was higher among the IDUs. Keywords: HIV, risk factor, sexually active, injecting drug users

Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection Tri Wibawa
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTDengue virus (DENV) infection was reported by more than 100 countries in the world. DENV was estimated infects 2.5 billion people living at tropical and subtropical countries annually. Laboratory diagnosis of DENV infection is important for the best clinical management of the patients. There are many tools and methods have been developed and dedicated to serve accurate diagnostic of DENV infection. In hitherto, laboratory diagnosis of DENV infection may be done by several methods, i.e. serology, viral culture, and viral genome-based detection. However, there is no convincing diagnosis procedures that easy to be performed and user friendly. This review will address the principle and characteristic of the laboratory diagnostic procedures that is available at this moment.

The Kinetics of CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Dengue Patients in Yogyakarta Loo Huai Na; Umi Solekhah Intansari; Ida Safitri Laksanawati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dengue fever can be graded into dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The CD8+ T lymphocytes mediate antiviral activity by producing cytokines and directly destroyed the dengue virus infected cells. This study focuses in observing the kinetics of CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute and relative count in dengue patients.Objectives: To observe the kinetics of CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute and relative count in dengue patients.Methods: The research design used is a descriptive study. This research measures and observes the kinetics CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute and relative count from day 2 to day 7. The CD8+ T lymphocytes count was determined using flowcytometry. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and independent t test with p<0.05 considered as significant.Results: The CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute count is low during the beginning of disease course and it gradually increases from day 2 to day 7. The CD8+ T lymphocytes relative count decreases from day 2 to day 3, and start to increase back from day 3 to day 7. There is no difference between the level of CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute count and relative count between DF and DHF patients.Conclusion: There is an increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute count and relative count in dengue patients. There is no difference between DF and DHF patients in CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute and relative count. Keywords: dengue fever; dengue hemorrhagic fever; CD8+ T lymphocytes; absolute count; relative count.

Kinetics of CD69 Expression on Natural Killer Cells During Acute Phase of Dengue Infection` Marshita Binti Kamarudin; Umi Solekhah Intansari; Ida Safitri Laksanawati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dengue infection is major annual public health problem in Indonesia. NK cells have a role in cellular immunity to viral infection, however only a few studies of NK cells and were conducted in vivo especially in Indonesia.Objectives: To explore the kinetics of CD 69 expression on NK cells during the acute phase of dengue infection.Methods: Observational cohort study in Dr. Sardjito Hospital was conducted. Clinical data and laboratory data was collected to measure the number of activated NK cells (CD69) using flowcytometry. The percentage of CD69 then calculated using non- parametric test (Kuskal-Wallis Test) and Student t-test. The fluorescence intensity of CD69 was also analyzed.Results: The mean of activated NK cells (CD69) percentage was higher during the early days of acute phase (day 2 to day3), and continuously declined until the seventh day but statistically they were not significant. Fluorescence intensity of CD69 showed its peak during the fifth day of fever.Conclusion: CD69 expression on activated NK cells were increased during the early days (day 2-day 3) of acute fever but decreased after that (day 4-day 7). The highest intensity of CD69 expression was on the fifth day of fever. Keywords: Dengue infection, kinetics, NK cell, CD69, cellular immune response, acute phase, adults.

The Effect of Health Promotion on Helminthic Infection Among the Garbage Collectors at the Final Disposal Site of Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta Resmiaini Resmiaini; Windadari Murni Hartini; Sri Sumarni
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Garbage collector is a group of workers with a high risk of developing helminthic infection. This is because the profession mostly related with garbage is susceptible to higher risk of exposure to worm egg. Health promotion for the use of self-protective equipments and personal hygiene is one of the ways of developing awareness among the garbage collectors to behave and act based on their knowledge. This would eventually reduce the incidence of helminthic.Objectives: To find out the effect of health promotion for the use of Self-Protective Equipment and personal hygiene in improving knowledge, attitude, and garbage collecting practice and to get a description on the helminthic infection.Methods: A quasi experiment study was conducted with Pretest and Posttest Group Design. Samples of the study were garbage collectors, who were selected with purposive sampling technique. The samples were divided into two groups: treatment group (25 respondents) and control group (25 respondents). Data were collected using questionnaires for knowledge, attitude, practice, and fecal samples. The data were analyzed using statistical analyses, namely, paired t-test and independent t-test with a significance level of p=0,05.Results: Knowledge who received health promotion (treatment group), on the helminthic infection was better than those in the control group, who did not receive health promotion. No significant difference was found for attitude and personal hygiene practice between the treatment group and the control group. A decrease of helminthic infection was found after the health promotion in both the treatment group and the control group.Conclusion: Health promotion can enhance the garbage collectors’ knowledge on the prevention and reduce the incidence of helminthic infections. Keywords: Health promotion, garbage collectors, helminthic infection

Filariasis malayi in Pondok Village, West Umbu Ratunggay, Central Sumba Regency Soleman Landi; Tri Baskoro T Satoto; Soeyoko Soeyoko
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Lymphatic filariasis is a communicable disease that still cause public health problem include in Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The cause of disease is three species of filaria and had been distributed almost in all area of Indonesia. There are differences in the distribution of species in the Indonesian regionObjectives: To investigate the profile of filariasis, the species and Microfilaria rate in Pondok Village.Methods: The sample was all of population in Pondok Village who meet the criterion and examination was performed by observation and fingerprick blood survey.Results: Fingerprick blood survey was performed on 500 respondents and was found 23 respondents suffered microfilaremia. Based on their clinical symptoms it was found 45 respondents had acute limfangitis symptoms, headache and frequent relapse fever (10 was positive mikrofilaremia) and 4 respondents suffered chronic symptoms. Based on the microfilaria morfology identification it was known that all of the filariasis caused by Brugia timori species.Conclusion: Pondok Village was lymphatic filariasis endemic area, caused by Brugia timori with microfilaria rate at 4,6%.Keywords : Filariasis, Microfilaria rate, Brugia timori, Sumba Island.

CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF WDSSB5 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY FOR THE DETECTION OF DENGUE VIRUS IN C6/36 CELL LINE USING IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL METHOD Nurminha Nurminha; Sitti Rahma Umniyati; Wayan T Amarta
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroducition: Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are caused by Dengue virus that consists of 4 serotypes of Dengue Virus (DENV) 1, 2, 3 and 4. Isolation of Dengue virus using C6/36 cell is considered as a gold standard for the diagnosis of Dengue virus infection. Dengue Team of Gadjah Mada University successfully produced monoclonal antibodies of DENV 3 originating from hybrid cells of DSSC7, DSSE10 and WDSSB5. The detection of Dengue virus’s antigens of Ae. aegypti in human blood smear with Streptavidine Biotin Peroxide Complex (SBPC) immunocytochemistry method using DSSC7 primary antibody is highly sensitive and specific, whereas using WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody yet to be characterized. Objective: The study aimed to identify characterization and application of WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody as primary antibody for detection of Dengue virus originating from serum of patients with Dengue infection which was inoculated in C6/36 cell line using SBPC immunocytochemistry method.Methods: The study was experimentally designed. Propagation of WDSSB5 hybridoma cell was performed in vitro and in vivo. The characterization consisted of classification of WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody, examination of WDSSB5 ascites protein level, sensitivity and specificity of immunocytochemical SBPC method using WDSSB5 primary antibody and specificity of monoclonal antibody against Dengue antigen with Dot Blot method. Dengue virus obtained from patients was inoculated in C6/36 cell. Detection of Dengue virus antigen was performed by SBPC immunocytochemistry method with WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody as primary antibody. Positive control was made using C6/36 cell infected with DENV 1, 2, 3, 4 and inoculated in C6/36 cell, whereas negative control uses cell C6/36 not infected with Dengue virus.Results: There was WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody detected in this research which was belonged to IgG class and IgG1 subclass. The least content of WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody that can detect Dengue antigen in C6/36 cell was 2.2 µg/µL. The WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody was sensitive to detect DENV 1, 2, 3, 4 antigens in C6/36 cell using SBPC immunocytochemistry method.Conclusion: There was WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody specific againts Dengue virus identified in this study. WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody belonged to class IgG and subclass IgG1. WDSSB5 Monoclonal antibody can be applied to detect Dengue virus originating from serum of patients positively carrying Dengue virus inoculated in C6/36 cell using SPBC immunocytochemistry method. Keywords: Dengue Virus, immunocytochemical, monoclonal antibody, C6/36 cell

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Contact Name
-

Contact Email
-

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA