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JUSTICES: Journal of Law
Published by Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29645107     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58355/justices.v2i1.31
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
JUSTICES: Journal of Law is a peer-reviewed journal published by Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu. The journal is aimed at spreading the research results conducted by academicians, researchers, and practitioners in the field of lawin both theory and practice. In particular, papers which consider the following general topics are invited: Classical and Modern Law, Politics and Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Economic Law, International Law, and Human Rights, Islamic Law and Islamic Family Law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "vol. 5 no. 3 (2026)" : 5 Documents clear
The Attribution Problem in Cyber Conflict: Implications For Deterrence, International Law and Nigerian Response Nura Umar Manya Manya; Isah Maina
JUSTICES: Journal of Law Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/justices.v5i3.226

Abstract

The attribution of malicious cyber operations remains a major challenge to effective deterrence, international legal accountability and national cybersecurity. This study examines the attribution problem in cyber conflict and assesses its implications for deterrence, international law and Nigeria's cybersecurity response. The study adopted a qualitative documentary research design based on systematic analysis of scholarly literature, international legal instruments, policy documents, official cybersecurity reports and selected cyber incidents, including Stuxnet, NotPetya and SolarWinds. Documents were analysed thematically around technical attribution, legal attribution, political attribution, deterrence and Nigeria's institutional capacity. The findings indicate that cyber attribution is rarely a purely technical exercise because attackers can employ compromised infrastructure, proxy networks, false flags and other concealment techniques. Attribution uncertainty weakens deterrence by punishment, complicates the application of state responsibility and creates difficulties in determining appropriate responses under international law. The study further finds that Nigeria has developed important cybersecurity institutions and legal frameworks, but gaps remain in digital forensics, intelligence integration, inter-agency coordination, specialist expertise and international cooperation. The study concludes that Nigeria should adopt a national cyber-attribution framework integrating technical forensics, intelligence assessment and legal analysis while strengthening regional and international cooperation.
Capital Market Analysis of the Asabri Corruption Scandal: Investment Manipulation Causing State Losses of Up to IDR 23.73 Trillion Yenrizka Gusmaria; I Ketut Astawa
JUSTICES: Journal of Law Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/justices.v5i3.227

Abstract

The corruption scandal involving PT Asabri (Persero) has become one of the biggest cases in Indonesian financial history, with state losses reaching IDR 23.73 trillion. This case began with the manipulation of investment fund management in the period 2011 to 2019, carried out by Asabri management in collaboration with external parties, Benny Tjokrosaputro (Bentjok), Heru Hidayat, and LP. The two main directors of Asabri during that period, ARD and SW, made an agreement with the three parties to manage the company's investment portfolio, which included stocks and mutual funds whose values ​​had been manipulated. In this transaction, the stocks purchased by Asabri were priced higher than their actual value, and after entering the portfolio, the transaction was carried out to benefit external parties in a false manner, which was detrimental to the company. This manipulation also involved the sale of shares at a lower price, which ultimately harmed Asabri. The losses were further exacerbated by the purchase of manipulated shares through mutual funds controlled by the same party. The results of the audit by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) show that the total state loss due to this scandal reached Rp 23.73 trillion. This case reflects the weak supervision in the management of state pension funds and is a valuable lesson in efforts to prevent corruption in the future.
Legal Protection for Policyholders Against the Forgery of Insurance Policies by Insurance Agents: An Analysis Based on Law Number 40 of 2014 concerning Insurance Yulia Putri Maulina; Tri Setiaady
JUSTICES: Journal of Law Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/justices.v5i3.228

Abstract

Legal protection is an action or effort to protect the public from actions that are not in accordance with the rules of law. Legal protection is very necessary in the business world, including legal protection for insurance company customers. An insurance company is a company that runs its business by selling risk transfer services from the insured to the insurer. An insurance policy is a letter of agreement or contract as proof of risk transfer from the insured (participant) to the insurer (insurance service provider). The insurance policy also contains all the details related to the rights and obligations between the two parties in writing. In insurance, there is a term known as an insurance agent which according to the Financial Services Authority is anyone who works for a business entity, acting on behalf of an Insurance Company or Sharia Insurance Company. In practice, many insurance agents actually commit crimes, namely by falsifying documents to create fake policies that are detrimental to customers.
Analysis of the Gas Leak at PT Pindo Deli II Caused by Incomplete Combustion at the Caustic Soda Plant and Measures for Resolution Nadia Nuraini Hasni; Yenrizka Gusmaria; Teuku Syahrul Ansari; Margo Hadi Pura
JUSTICES: Journal of Law Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/justices.v5i3.229

Abstract

The living environment is the unity of space with all objects, forces, conditions and living creatures, including humans and their behavior, which influence nature itself, the continuity of life and the welfare of humans and other living creatures. The environment is a source and support for human life, therefore it must be preserved and developed to improve the welfare and quality of life of the nation's generations. The city of Karawang, which has the nickname as an industrial city, cannot be avoided from environmental pollution and damage. One of the cases that made Karawang residents busy was caused by a leak in the caustic soda production plant. This research uses a normative juridical approach method, namely by examining research objects through library materials by researching and studying research objects through library materials which include statutory regulations, books and law journal articles. From the results of the research carried out, it can be concluded that the Government's steps through the Environmental Service in revoking the caustic soda plant production permit do not have a deterrent effect on the company so that firm steps are needed from the Government to overcome the problem of gas leaks at the company's caustic soda plant. Efforts that can be made to at least minimize the risk of more casualties is to move the company to a place far from residential areas.
Lawrence M. Friedman’s Law Enforcement Analysis Regarding the Neutrality of State Civil Apparatus in Indonesian Elections Yusri Yusri
JUSTICES: Journal of Law Vol. 5 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/justices.v5i3.230

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concept and principles of civil servant neutrality within the Indonesian legal system, examine the implementation of civil servant neutrality in elections, and analyze the mechanisms and effectiveness of law enforcement against violations of civil servant neutrality. This study is motivated by the continuing occurrence of neutrality violations despite the existence of legal provisions that explicitly prohibit civil servants from engaging in practical political activities. This research employs normative legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The research data were obtained through a literature review of legislation, scientific journals, research findings, and relevant official documents. The results indicate that, normatively, the principle of civil servant neutrality has a relatively strong legal foundation; however, its implementation remains suboptimal due to political intervention, bureaucratic patronage, weak supervision, and the emergence of violations through social media. Law enforcement mechanisms have also not been fully effective because of weak inter-institutional coordination and insufficient deterrent effects of sanctions. The study concludes that stronger supervision, a merit-based system, institutional coordination, and firm enforcement of sanctions are necessary to establish a professional, independent, and accountable civil service in elections.

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