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Majalah Forum Teknik UGM
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Engineering
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 74 Documents
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Kinetika Adsorpsi Phenol Dalam Air Dengan Arang Tempurung Kelapa Panut Mulyono; Wisnu Madha Kusuma
Forum Teknik Vol 33, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Abstract Phenol  is  a hazardous  chemical  which  usually  contained  in  the  wastewater  from  some industries, such as oil refineries, coal processing, and plastics. Phenol is dangerous substance to a microorganism although in low concentration in wastewater. According to the United State Environmental  Protection  Agency,  the  maximum  concentration of  phenol  in wastewater  is  1 ppm.  This  requirement  is  lower  than  the  concentration  of  phenol  in  normal  wastewater discharged from industries that is 100 to 1000 ppm. One of the most efficient practical method to remove phenol in waste water is adsorption. Many adsorbent can be used to adsorp phenol from waste water. In this study, coconut shell charcoal is used as the adsorbent. The adsorption kinetics of phenol in aqueous solution was studied by measuring the concentration of remaining phenol in the solution as a function of time (t) with the parameters of operation temperature (T), particle diameter of coconut shell charcoal (d), and mass ratio of coconut shell charcoal to the solution (r). The adsorption rate was found to be increased as the operation temperature and mass ratio increase, but it was decreased as the particle diameter increase. The empirical rate expression for the adsorption of phenol in aqueous solution with coconut shell charcoal has been determined as: 0,438 0,1313 1/2 0 2497,83 ln 1,4832exp C d r t C RT − ⎡ ⎤ − ⎛ ⎞ =− ⎜ ⎟ ⎢ ⎥ ⎝ ⎠ ⎣ ⎦ with the relative mean error of 30.74%. C in this equation is the phenol concentration at time t, C 0 is the concentration at t = 0, and R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol/K). This equation is valid for the ranges of T of 303 to 333 K, d of 767 to 1879 μm, and r of 0.0476 to 0.1666, and for  the  adsorption  of  phenol  in  aqueous  solution  with  coconut  shell  charcoal  in  erlenmeyer agitated by using shaker bath.  Keywords: Adsorption Kinetics, Phenol, Aqueous Solution, Coconut Shell Charcoal
Perbandingan Metode Rasional Dengan Kreatif Untuk Mendesain Alat Bantu Pasang Lampu Rudy Firman Prakosa; Alva Edy Tontowi
Forum Teknik Vol 33, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Abstract This article discusses the result comparison of design process of lamp installation device using rational and creative methods and its usability analysis. The study was conducted through team recruitment, prototype development, prototype selection, and usability testing. The teams recruited involved creative team (K-team) consisting of experienced technical expert and non-exact  students,  and  rational  team  (R-Team)  consisting  of  exact  students  with  knowledge  in product design method. Result of prototype selection using weighted objectives method showedthat  rational prototype  produced  higher  total  weight  compared  to  that  of  creative  prototype. Usability  testing  were  also  conducted  in  terms  of  rational  and  creative  prototype  methods. Usability  testing  involved  learnability,  error,  efficiency  of  use,  and  satisfaction.  Result  of usability testing showed that rational prototype had higher efficiency of use, lower error, and higher  satisfaction  level.  Therefore,  rational  method  becomes  better  design  process  in  lamp installation device.  Keywords: product design, creative method, rational method, usability, device
Provenance Study and Tectonic Implications on Rock Sequences in The Lengguru Fold Belt of Western Papua: Constraints from Zircon Fission Track Thermochronology Edy Sutriyono
Forum Teknik Vol 27, No 2&3 (2003)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

The present zircon fission track thermochronologt study reveals Triassic to Pliocene source terrains supplying clastic materials into the present successions in western Papua. The provenance of sedimentary rocks in the region appears to have associated with igneous activities, suggesting an episode of tectonic events in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Importantly, the Pliocene Buru Formation in the Lengguru Fold Belt contains abundant Paleogene volcanic zircons, which might have been derived from erosion of the Weylond Terrane in the latest Miocene-Pliocene. This suggests the Weyland Terrane was part of the Paleogene 'Caroline Arc, that was eroded after Lute Miocene collision with the western Papua microcontinent. The main compressional pulse in the studied area occurred from -12-4 Ma. The deformation in the mountainous belt in western Papua from 4-0 Ma has been dominated by transpression. This transpressional regime continued in the fold belt, but with less convergence. Meanwhile, compression continued in the frontal part of the Lengguru Fold Belt, creating Pleistocene foldingfeatures such as the Buru Anticline, the Umar Anticline, and the Poronggo Anticline in the eastern Lengguru Fold Belt section. At the present day, transpression is occurring along theTarera'Aiduna Fault with ongoing uplift of the western Papua Fold Belt. However, extension and subsidence are occurring in the Lengguru Fold Belt southeast of Cendrawasih Bay.Keywords : sedimentary rocks, zircon fission, transpression
Unjuk Kerja Reaktor Cuscade Bentuk Kolom Hary Sulistyo; Merry Ad'hadi
Forum Teknik Vol 27, No 2&3 (2003)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

AbstractSome heterogeneous reactions such as liquid-solid, liquid-liquid were undertaken in the stirred tank batch reactor. To change a batch process into flow process, plugflow resctor is the reactor with the similar performance to the batch reactor. However, it would be faced withproblem to attain the plug flow pattern. A cascade of ideally mixed reactor was reactor which has a similar performance u,ilh the plugflow reactor especiallyfor heterogeneous system.Experinrent was wrdertaken in the column which was divided into three sections. This is similar with the three mixed flow reactors. Sodium chloride was used qs a tracer and water as fluid flow. It was investigated two variables such os stited speed and ratio of impeller diameter to the distance ofthe cascade.In this paper, Bodenstein number of pipe flow reactor and the number of stages for the cascade were determined experinrentally from the residence time distribution of the tluid. It is shown that the results good agreement with the empirical equation proposed by Pawlowski (1962) and Elgeti (1996).
Pengaruh Kecepatan Pendinginan Terhadap Perubahan Volume Leburan Polymer Crystalline dan Non-Crystalline Mohammad Fahrurrozi; Bagus Senowulung dan Moristanto
Forum Teknik Vol 27, No 2&3 (2003)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

AbstractThe study was directed to develop a method to predict the influence of the rate of cooling to the degree of crystallittitv (DOC) and volume change of crystalline polymers. Crystalline polymer melts exhibit volume shrinkage on cooling below melting point due to crystallization. Crystallization and volunrc shrinkage will proceed with varies rate as long as the temperature is above the glass tansition temperatrre. DOC achieved by polymer is not only determined by the inherent crystallinity of the polymer but also influenced by the rate of cooling. Onfast cooling, inherently crystalline polynrer may have zero DOC. This incompletely crystallized polymer will crystallize and experience volume shrinkages on prolong usage at temperatures above glass transition temperature. A mathematical model and a kinetic model of crystallization based of modification of Avrami equation were solved sintultaneously to give temperature and DOC distributions as ftmctions of time for various rote of cooling. Rate of cooling was varied by changing the water hath ternperalure. Labotatory measurement was done to verifu the predicted temperature profile and average degree of crystallinity. The simulated tenxperature profiles as well as average degree of crystallinities give good agreements with experimental results.Keywords:     polymer, degree of crystallinity, cooling, melting point, crystallization, volume shrinkage, molding
Karakterisasi Aliran HilirKipas Aksial sudu Datar Variasi Span Sudu dan Sudut Serang Joko Waluyo; Sutrisno S
Forum Teknik Vol 27, No 2&3 (2003)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Abstract The velocity field downnstream of an axial fan was measured using probe 55 P 51 of a Hot Wire Anemometer to investigate characteristic of the flow. Flat blades werevaried in length of blade's span and angle of attock. The length of blade's span was varied at 0.3, 0'5, 0.75 and l times of 450 mm, at various angles of attack at 5º, 10º and I5º, while it was operated at constant speed of 610 rpm. The measurement was conducted at vertical distances 210, 360, 510 and 660 mm from the fan. The investigation was focused on the mean velocity in axial and tangential directions at measurement position 210 mrn. Properties of theflow were computed based on integration of Reynolds momentum and continuity equations for determining flux of axial and angularmomentum. The performance of the axial fan was determined by comparing values of torque, thrust, volume rate and consumed power. The swirling number of the flow was also calculated as a consideration to determine performance of the axial fan. Results indicate that operating the axial fan in variation blade'sspan have significant effect to the value of axial and tangential mean velocities and the area off low, meanwhile variation in angle of attack just influence to the value of axial and tangential mean velocities. Increasing ofblade's span at constant angle of attack If increases volume rate, torque, and thrust of flow and consumed power oJ'the fan. Investigation of increasing angle of attack at span blade 450 mm also increases those values. Span blade 450 mm at angle of attack l5º have a highest performance and consumed power. It can be shown also that swirling increase with respect to increase of angle of attack. Keywords: velocityfield downstream axial flowfan, span's blade,angle of attack.
Characterization of Devcon Plastic Steel Adhesive on Mild Carbon Steel Steel Viktor Malau; H Hadromi
Forum Teknik Vol 27, No 2&3 (2003)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

The objective of this research is to characterize  mechanical  and physical behaviors  of adhesives bonding (butt and tap joints) on mild carbon  steel. The research  used an adhesive material  of devcon  plastic  steel. Mechanical properties  are tensile  sftength,  shear strength  andtoughness  of the joints.The major parameters of this research  were adherends surface roughness  Ra, adhesive thickness, curing  time and curing  temperature. Surface  roughness of the carbon  steel adherends are Ra = 0,52 pm, 0,76 pt and I,2l 1m' Adhesive  thichtess  varyfrom:  0,03 mm to 0,3 mm and curing time: 1, 2, 3, 4 hours at curing temperatures:  55, 70, 85, 100, 120 and 140 oC. The research  has been conducted  under static loads at room temperature'The results of static loads (tensile and shear loads) show that adhesive thiclorcss and odherends  surface roughness influence signifcantly the strength  and toughness  of the joints'An increase  in the adherends  surface roughness  will increase  adhesive  strengths. For certain surface  roughness,  the joints  have an optimunt  adhesive thiclorcss  that produces a strength  and toughness maximum.  Heat lreatntent of the joints at curing temperature for certain  curing  timeinfluences  significanlly  shear stresses. An increase  of curing time will increase  shear stresses' At certain  surface roughness  and curing time (for example:  Ra :  0,76 pn and curing time = 4 hours), this research  shows  that the joints have an optimum  curing temperature. Specimenscured at elevated temperqture  show generally  the increasing  strength, however  there is an optimum  temperature where cure exceed this temperature the strength begins decrease. idhesives bonding failure of butt joints are generally cohesive  and lap joints have a mixed failure cohesive and adhesiveKeywords:  adhesive  bonding, mild carbon steel, devcon plastic steel, static load, butt joints.
Studi Kerusakan Jalan Piyungan - Wonosari dari Aspek Geoteknik Agus Darmawan Adi
Forum Teknik Vol 30, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Some  road  sections  in  Yogtakarta  sufer from  frequent damage following the  rainy  season. Repairs  have  been  conducted  regularly  and various  efforts  to  improve  the  road condition  have also  been  done,  however,  this  probletn  always comes  every  year.  Soil condition  below the  road pavement  is  suspected  to  give a  major  contribution  on road  damage  in  this  region.A series  of investigation  was carried  out  on  the  soil beneath the  road  of Piyungan-Wonosari section.  Field observation  on  road  damage condition  was  conducted  and  it  was followed by in situ  tests, consisting  of  hand  boring,  sampling and cone  penetration  test.  Properties  of soil were obtained from several  laboratory  tests.  To simulate  effect  of water  changes  on  soil  strength,  a series of shear strength  tests  were performed  on the  samples  made  of soil  with  various  water contents.The  results  indicate  that  the  road  damages in  this  region  are resulted by  several  reasons.  At road  section  built on slope, the  damage  was  mainly  caused  by downward  movement  of the Jill which  was not  rnassive  enough standing on  the  original  slope. Soil softening  due  to  water changes  is  identified  to give  a major contribution  on this  problem,  especially for road constructed  on clays.  Expansive  soil was  also found at  some  road  section.  This soil type produces  signiJicant  amount  of  pressure  and  volume changes  which lead  to movement  of  the adjacent  structures.Keywords  :  road-damage,  soil,  strength,  water,  soften
Karakteristik Pasang Surut Laut di Pulau Jawa H Haryono; Sri Narni
Forum Teknik Vol 28, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Sea tides  are  cailsed  by  atlraction  of heavenly  bodies  especially moon and  sun to  the envelope of sea  water  of  lhe  earth.  At different  places  of  the  earth,  sea tides  characteristics  are different.Sea tides  raw data collected from several  sea  tides  stations  in  Java  island  are  processed using sea tides  computer software  and amplitudes of  sea tidal  constants  are determined.  Based on  Formzal formula, Formzal numbers  are  calculated,  and  sea  tides  characteristics  areinterpreted.  Linking  lhe  sea  tides  characteristic infurnntion  to  the  digital  map of Java  island, sea tides  characleristics  map  is  discovered.The  result  of the  research  is  information  on  sea  tides  charateristics for Jova  island. Normally,  mixed  sea  lides  characteristics  are  discovered  in  Java  island.  Many  users,  e.g. hydrographic  surveyors, fishermen, coaslal engineers,  elc.  need  sea  tides  characteristics information for their  works.Keywords: sea  lides,  Formzal  nurnbers,  Java  island.
Penentuan Daerah Rawan Kebakaran dengan Sistem Informasi Geografik (Kasus Pooncarie Region, New South Wales, Australia) Rochmad Muryamto
Forum Teknik Vol 28, No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

The  research was  done to produce o map showing  areas of a high bushfire risk and to create  a statistic  table shov'ing,.for each properfy, the totsl area with a high bushfire  risk and proportion ofthe  high bushfire risk area lo the total area ofthe  property.The research was carried  out in Pooncarie  region, south western New South Wales Australia, which is best described as an area of semiarid rangeland.  GIS (Geographic Information  Systems)  spatiul analysis was conducted  usingfour  coverages: Iand system,  roads, bores, and property, including their coruesponding attribute  data. Bffiring technique  and overlay  operations  for spatial analysis were done using Arcllnfo  GIS sofrware  based on some determined  criteria, yielding a map showing  areas of a high bushfire  risk. Five properties  had the highest proportion of their land being identified as with a high bushfire risk. Keywords: bushfire, geographic  information ststenn,  buffering, spatia\ analysis.

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