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EINSTEIN (E-JOURNAL)
Published by Universitas Negeri Medan
ISSN : 23381981     EISSN : 2407747X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24114/einstein%20e-journ.v11i1
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) is a journal managed by the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Medan. This journal is published three times a year (February, June, and October). EINSTEIN (e-Journal) is a scientific journal that publishes articles from the fields of physics. Various topics of physics articles that can be accepted in this journal are: Theoretical Physics Earth Physics Material Physics Instrumentation Physics Computational Physics Applied Physics
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 287 Documents
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PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENGONTROL DAN MONITORING PINTU GERBANG MENGGUNAKAN SMARTPHONE MELALUI WIFI BERBASIS ARDUINO Jonny H. Panggabean; Martha Veronika Gultom
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol 11, No 3 (2023): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/eins.v11i3.34039

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem alat pengontrol dan monitoring pintu gerbang yang akan mempermudah pemilik rumah dalam mengetahui objek yang berada didepan gerbang dan membuka atau menutup pintu gerbang tanpa harus melakukan kontak langsung dengan gerbang. Metode kerja dari sistem alat ini diawali dengan Sensor PIR yang menangkap pancaran inframerah dari tubuh manusia kemudian mengirimkan sinyal yang diproses oleh Arduino untuk disampaikan dalam bentuk notifikasi kepada smartphone yang terhubung melalui koneksi WiFi ESP8266-01 sehingga pemilik rumah mengetahui bahwa terdapat objek yang berada didepan gerabng, untuk memantau objek yang berada didepan gerbang digunakan modul kamera ESP32Cam agar objek dapat diketahui. Pemilik rumah akan memilih untuk membuka pintu gerbang yang diputar oleh motor DC dengan lebar gerbang terbuka yaitu 4 cm, 8 cm dan 12 cm dengan daya yang terpakai pada masing-masing lebar gerbang terbuka yaitu 1,96 watt, 2,97 watt dan 3,71 watt dengan jarak kendali maksimum menggunakan komunikasi wireless  WiFi yaitu 20 meter. 
PEMANTAUAN ARUS DAN TEGANGAN TERHADAP PERANGKAT ELEKTRONIK RUMAH PINTAR BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO Rohima Sakinah Pasaribu; Mulkan Iskandar Nasution; Nazaruddin Nasution
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol 11, No 3 (2023): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/eins.v11i3.43667

Abstract

Teknologi berkembang dengan pesat pada era sekarang, maka teknologi rumah pintar yang dikembangkan saat ini belum sepenuhnya mampu mendukung program konservasi energi yang dilakukan pemerintah. Sampe sekarang ini sistem kontrol untuk pengaturan rumah pintar masih dilakukan secara manual. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat alat sistem monitoring arus dan tegangan terhadap rumah pintar secara otomatis dan bisa dipantau dengan jarak jauh. Sistem rumah pintar ini yang dirancang dapat mengontrol nyalanya lampu atau peralatan elektronik lainnya dengan menggunakan NodeMCU yang sudah terintegrasi chip wi-fi agar dapat dikontrol oleh handpone asalkan ada akses jaringan internet di rumah pintar. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah metode rancang bangun alat, penelitian ini yang dirancang adalah perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak. Rumah pintar ini dapat mempermudah pengguna dalam mengontrol peralatan elektronik rumah pintar seperti kipas angin, setrika, dispenser, televisi, dan lampu sehingga bisa meminimalisirkan pemakaian tenaga listrik. Dari hasil penelitian dan pengujian perangkat elektronik rumah pintar yang dipasang beban listrik ke alat pemantauan dalam kurun 1jam dan dilakukan enam kali percobaan setiap 10 menit akan dicatat hasil pembacaanya yang ada di LCD. pada sistem monitoring ini sudah mampu berjalan dengan baik, mampu memberikan rekomendasi durasi maksimal untuk memakai peralatan elektronik dengan tingkat pengujian tegangan memilki deviasi rata-rata sebesar 0,5% dan pengujian arus memiliki deviasi rata-rata sebesar 0,1%. 
PENGARUH NILAI KADAR AIR TERHADAP NILAI KALOR PADA BRIKET ARANG KULIT DURIAN Jumiati, Ety
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol 7, No 3 (2019): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/eins.v7i3.54688

Abstract

Briket arang merupakan bongkahan arang yang dapat dijadikan bahan bakar alternatif. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh nilai kadar air terhadap nilai kalor briket arang kulit durian. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan kulit durian dan tepung tapioka sebagai perikat dengan variasi  komposisi yaitu sampel A (70% : 30%), sampel B (65% : 55%), dan sampel C (60% : 40%). Parameter uji yaitu uji nilai kadar air dan uji nilai kalor. Hasil pengujian briket arang kulit durian menghasilkan nilai kadar air senilai 0,969-1,055%, dan nilai kalor senilai 21,659-37,986 cal/g yang telah memenuhi standar mutu briket Indonesia sehingga briket arang yang diperoleh ini dapat dimanfaatkan dan dipakai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
ANALISIS SIFAT FISIS BATAKO MENGGUNAKAN BUBUR KERTAS SEBAGAI AGREGAT Jumiati, Ety
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol 9, No 1 (2021): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/eins.v9i1.54692

Abstract

Telah dilakukan pembuatan batako konvensional dari bahan bubur kertas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisis batako menggunakan bubur kertas  sebagai agregat. Variasi  komposisi semen : pasir : bubur kertas antara lain: sampel A (10% : 30% : 60%), sampel B (20% : 30% : 50%) dan sampel C (30% : 30% : 40%), dengan waktu pengeringan yaitu selama 28 hari. Parameter pengujian fisis yang dilakukan yaitu densitas dan penyerapan air. Dari hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa batako menggunakan bubur kertas yang optimal yaitu pada sampel C yang menghasilkan nilai densitas sebesar 1,055 g/cm3 dan penyerapan air sebesar 21,659 %, dimana pada pengujian penyerapan air sudah memenuhi persyaratan mutu SNI 03- 0349-1989.
SMART SOTONG HOUSE BASED ON IoT TECHNOLOGY IN SITIRIS-TIRIS VILLAGE Putra, Rio Andika
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i1.27711

Abstract

Sitiris-Tiris is one of the fishing villages located in Andam Dewi sub-district, Central Tapanuli district, North Sumatra Province. Sitiris-Tiris sea has abundant cuttlefish potential. The abundance of cuttlefish in the Sitiris-Tiris sea is not followed by an increase in fishermen's catches, as experienced by the pamangsih fishing group chaired by Mr Agus Salim Samosir. [RP1] The low catch of cuttlefish obtained by pamangsih fishermen is influenced by weather factors and conventional fishing gear, namely using rabo as a luring tool and fishing rods as fishing gear. Rabo used by pamangsih fishermen is not fully successful because there is no effort to protect the eggs from predatory fish and trawlers who freely pass through the waters. The Student Creativity Programme for the Application of Science and Technology (PKM-PI) organised by the Ministry of Education and Culture was used to create a tool that can catch cuttlefish optimally and can cultivate cuttlefish. The smart cuttlefish house consists of a rabo net tied with a pulley and equipped with a marker lamp to avoid puktrol at night and an IoT (Internet of Things) based image camera connected to a smartphone to monitor cuttlefish. Cuttlefish development can be monitored and harvested by utilising IoT technology so that fishermen can obtain abundant and sustainable catches. Pamangsih fishermen previously only caught 5kg of cuttlefish per day. The smart cuttlefish house designed by the PKM-PI team can catch as much as 10 kg of cuttlefish per day. It is hoped that the smart cuttlefish house made by the PKM-PI team can help fishermen increase cuttlefish catch production and even get to cuttlefish cultivation and can become a pilot project for other cuttlefish fishermen. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER COMPONENTS WITH A MIXTURE OF ABKS-TiO2 WITH PEG-6000 Putra, Rio Andika
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.48849

Abstract

Research has been conducted on the mixing of Oil Palm Boiler Ash (ABKS) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as a filler for rubber compounds to improve the mechanical properties of rubber compounds which include tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity, hardness and swelling tests. The filler used to make rubber compounds is ABKS nanoparticles and TiO2 with variations in composition (0, 2, 4, 6, 8) % by weight. The manufacture of rubber compounds is done by grinding SIR-20 rubber and then mixing it with chemicals, ABKS nanoparticles and TiO2 in an open mill. After that, the rubber was moulded with a size of 15 cm long x 15 cm wide x 0.18 cm thick at 45o C according to SNI 18 - 6478 - 2000 standard. The best composition of the mechanical properties of rubber compounds using ABKS-TiO2 fillers for tensile tests obtained tensile strength values at 6% filler composition which is 2.3 Mpa. Elongation at break with the composition of 4, 6 and 8% filler material is 90%. The hardness test obtained the hardness value in the composition of 8% filler material is 57 Shore A. As a result of the compound swelling test, the development value of the 4% filler composition compound was obtained, which experienced a development of 98.73% for 72 hours.
ENHANCEMENT OF SENSITIVITY, DETECTION RANGE, AND DETECTION LIMIT USING GA METHOD POTENTIOMETRIC BIOSENSOR WITH UREASE ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION TECHNIQUE ON PVA Sibarani, Willi Firmando; S, Abd Hakim
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.48873

Abstract

This study aims to increase the sensitivity range of the width of the UV-Vis absorbance peak with Glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinking and useful to determine the level of urea in the urine. The potentiometer cell consists of an indicator electrode and a reference electrode. The indicator electrode is denoted PVA-Enzyme/GA/PVC-KTpCIPB, meaning PVA-Enzim as the first layer, GA as the second layer and PVC-KTpCIPB as the third layer. Biosensor with urease enzyme immobilization technique analyzed variations of urea 10-7-10-1 M. The potentiometric method of the biosensor detects signal and voltage (potentiometer cell). The signals that were analyzed for signal variables were symmetrical up and down signals of 2000 signals/second. Voltage was carried out by linear curve analysis, the results of linear curve analysis were the range of detection from a concentration of 10-4-10-2 M with cross-linked GA which increased the absorbance, the detection limit was 10-4 M, the sensitivity was 46.67 mV/ war reversibly and R squared (R2) which is 0.9839 is close to linear.
IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSURFACE SOIL LAYERS USING GEOELECTRIC METHOD IN ENVIRONMENT 2 OF RIANIATE VILLAGE TAPANULI SELATAN REGENCY Kristina; Doloksaribu, Maryati Evivani
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.48965

Abstract

A research on the identification of subsurface layers using the schlumberger configuration geoelectric method has been carried out on the coast of Lake Siais Environment 2, Rianiate Village, South Tapanuli Regency. With the aim of knowing the identification of subsurface layers, rock types, resistivity values, 2D contour cross section using Res2DinV software and the relationship of the resistivity value of the subsurface layer with climatology data. The results collected on 3 tracks with a length of 155m have a resistivity value of 133Ωm – 3389Ωm on the first track, the second track has 140Ωm - 2768Ωm and the third track 705Ωm - 4358Ωm. The results were processed by Res2DinV software to obtain a 2D cros section. As for the relationship of field data to BMKG data, rainfall has decreased from the last five years from 3744 mm – 3534 mm/year, humidity has decreased by 0,01762% each year, air temperature has increased by 0,09270 0C. From these results, resulting in changes in resistivity value in the subsurface.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF BRIQUETTES FROM COFFEE GROUNDS WASTE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL Nasution, Noraliza Hasanah; Rugaya
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.49010

Abstract

The making of coffee grounds briquettes was carried out at the Rena briquette house which was followed several tests then are done with the objectives of (i) to determining out the compressive strength and calorific value with the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) test. (ii) To find out if there are differences in the characteristics of the briquettes due to the influence of combustion temperature. (iii) To determine whether there are differences in briquette morphology due to the effect of temperature analyzed by SEM test. Briquette research made from coffee grounds waste with briquette combustion temperature using a furnace of 150˚C and 250˚C, tapioca adhesive at 10% for both different temperature variations. Molding using a hydraulic press with a pressure of 1900 psi. Drying temperature of coffee grounds and briquettes using sunlight. The heating value at 150˚C was highest at the third peak point at 154.52 cal/g, and lowest at the second point at 3.86 cal/g. At 250˚C, the highest was 12.86 cal/g at the second peak, and the lowest was 8.39 cal/g at the first peak. The compressive strength at 150˚C was 1.98 - 3.44 kg/cm2, while at 250˚C it was 0.89 - 3.19 kg/cm2. SEM analysis of the morphological structure of the briquettes at 150˚C showed carbon particles that were closer than other carbon particle structures with small pores. The distance between the particles is tenuous with other particles not yet perfectly bonded so that there is a void of space. Whereas at 250˚C seen from SEM analysis the morphological structure has a smooth surface and shows the distance between some carbon particles that are connected to tenuous carbon particles may be caused by cracks so that they are not bound together.
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT CAMPURAN BATANG SINGKONG DAN SERAT AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI BAHAN PAPAN PARTIKEL Wahyudi, Arya; Siregar, Nurdin
EINSTEIN (e-Journal) Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): EINSTEIN (e-Journal)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/ein.v12i3.49011

Abstract

Papan partikel komposit campuran batang singkong dan ampas tebu telah berhasil di fabrikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mencari pengaruh dari serbuk batang singkong dan serbuk serat ampas tebu dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan papan partikel, pengaruh dari limbah plastik sebagai perekat, papan partikel limbah serbuk batang singkong dan serbuk serat ampas tebu dapat memenuhi standar SNI. Komposisi partikel 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, dengan variasi perekat plastik 10%, 15%, 25%. Hasil karakterisasi sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis papan partikel yang paling optimal dihasilkan pada komposisi 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, dengan variasi perekat plastik sebesar 25% memiliki nilai kerapatan yaitu 0,44 g/cm³, 0,43 g/cm³, 0,40 g/cm³, 0,36 g/cm³ dan 0,36 g/cm³. Nilai kadar air 4,44%, 4,44%, 6,52%, 4,76% dan 4,65%. Nilai daya serap air sebesar 72,72%, 109,09%, 115,38%, 125% dan 154,54%. Nilai keteguhan lentur (MOE) sebesar 699,87 kgf/cm², 646,77 kgf/cm², 667,25 kgf/cm2, 576,65 kgf/cm2 dan 615,51 kgf/cm2. Nilai keteguhan patah (MOR) sebesar 232,23 kgf/cm², 218,07 kgf/cm², 186,55 kgf/cm², 155,95 kgf/cm² dan 199,03 kgf/cm². Diperoleh nilai kerapatan, kadar air, dan keteguhan patah telah memenuhi standar SNI, sedangkan daya serap air dan keteguhan lentur belum memenuhi standar SNI.

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