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Pakhrur Razi
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Center of Disaster Monitoring and Earth Observation Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Air Tawar Padang West Sumatra, Indonesia 25131
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Georest: Geoscience, Remote Sensing, and Technology
Published by Earthcare
ISSN : 29637767     EISSN : 29637767     DOI : https://doi.org/10.57265/georest.v1i1
Core Subject : Science,
Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Physics
Georest: Geoscience, Remote Sensing and Technology is an international peer-reviewed open-access journal dedicated to interchange for the results of high-quality research in all aspect of Sciences, Geoscience, Geophysics, Remote Sensing, Drone, Radar SAR, Optical Satellite, LiDAR, Radar Antenna, Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Engineering, Information Technology, and Visualization.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Bumi dan Planet (semua kategori) - Geofisika
Articles 21 Documents
 1   2   3 
Estimation ESTIMATION OF TIN RESOURCES USING INVERS DISTANCE WEIGHTED (IDW) AND NEAREST NEIGHBOR POINT (NNP) METHODS IN BANGKA TENGAH DISTRICT, BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS PROVINCE : Estimation of tin resources RAHUL GONZALES; Rahardi, Muhammad Rafif Gusvi; Adree Octova
Georest Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (700.058 KB) | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v2i1.12

Abstract

Indonesia is a country rich in tin minerals. Indonesia has 17% of the world's total tin reserves but produces 26% in 2020. This shows an unequal value between income and expenditure. Therefore it is necessary to calculate tin resources on a regular basis so that their availability is maintained. Here, two methods of calculating the estimated tin resources are used, namely the inverse distance weighted (IDW) and nearest neighbor point (NNP) methods. The estimation results using both methods are tin resources using the IDW method of 1,501,300 tons while using the NNP method 1,270,222 tons. In conclusion, there is a difference in the estimation results using the two methods of 231,078 tons or 18%. This difference is caused by the working of the two methods, namely the principle IDW method considers several closest points, while the NNP method considers the closest point.
Performance Performance Evaluation of TLS II CC 07 and CC 08 Load-out in July 2022 at PT. Bukit Asam Tbk, Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra : Evaltuation Perfomance Abbil Raihan, Muhammad; Adree Octova
Georest Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (840.477 KB) | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v2i1.13

Abstract

Coal is one of the fuels sourced from solid hydrocarbons. Bataubara itself is formed from plants and microorganism that solidifies due to the influence of pressure. The use of coal as a fuel is widely used in large industries, such as the cement industry and in steam power plants. administratively the mining concession of PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk. is included in the Tanjung Enim City, South Sumatra Province. In July 2022, there was a torn Coal Conveyor-07 (CC-07) incident that disrupted productivity at TLS 2 (Train Loading Station) so that it could not deliver coal, causing losses to the company with a total of 42,562 tons. With a total loss of Rp. 28,372,329,681.
SLOPE OBSERVATION OF THE PADANG SOLOK ROAD AREA BASED ON RADAR DATA Marsa, Indira; Razi, Pakhrur; Akmam; Nishi, Katsunoshin
Georest Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v2i1.21

Abstract

The Padang Solok route topographically has a geological structure that is prone to steep slopes, so it has a high level of disaster risk, one of which is shifting soil and causing landslides. Slope is one of the factors that cause landslides, the purpose of this study is to determine the slope that is prone to landslides. However, slope information needs to be known the slope, and we can know the percentage and degree by mapping using satellite radar SAR (Syntetic Aperture Radar) technology, which is an effective choice for detecting the earth's surface in the Padang-Solok area with SRTM data taken in the area. Processed by observing the slope of the area and then analyzing the landslide area. SAR radar satellite technology allows monitoring of landslide-prone areas with high accuracy, and wide area coverage, operating day and night. This slope is a comparison of height in the form of the vertical distance of a land with its horizontal distance. The amount of slope can be expressed in several units, including percent and degree. Spatial information on slope describes the condition of the land surface, such as a flat, gentle, or steep slope. The Padang-Solok route includes steep slope areas with the highest slope of 7,9 to 40,8 and in percentage 13,80% to 90,10%, classified as steep and steep slope. Areas with steep slopes have a greater potential for landslides than those with moderate slopes, in addition to increasing the amount of surface flow. So the steeper the slope, the greater the velocity of surface flow, and thus the greater the water transport energy.
Analysis of Extreme Rainfall in Padang Using GSMaP Satellite Imagery: Case Study of the July 2023 Flood : Approach Using GSMaP Satellite Data Rozi, Hanifsyah; Razi, Pakhrur; Amir, Harman; Sudiar, Nofi Yendri; Rinadi, Aulia
Georest Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Georest (In Press)
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v2i2.32

Abstract

Extreme rainfall is a major cause of major flooding in coastal areas, such as Padang, Indonesia. This study analyzes the extreme rainfall event that caused the Padang flood on July 14, 2023 using rainfall data from the Global Satellite Rainfall Mapping system (GSMaP). The aim is to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall during the event and assess the accuracy of GSMaP satellite imagery in capturing the heavy rainfall that caused the flooding. GSMaP satellite data were processed to examine the intensity and distribution of rainfall from July 13, 2023 to July 14, 2023. The analysis showed that rainfall occurred evenly over the entire Padang area, with a peak rainfall intensity of 20-99 mm/day on July 13 and a much higher intensity of 145-434 mm/day on July 14, as recorded by ground-based rain stations. The peak rainfall on the first day occurred at 14:00 UTC, and on the second day at 00:00 UTC. Although GSMaP effectively captured the large-scale rainfall pattern, differences were seen in the local intensity. This continuous rainfall causes severe waterlogging, which then escalates into flooding, which is classified as extreme rainfall. These findings demonstrate the utility of GSMaP in monitoring extreme rainfall, especially in areas with limited ground-based observation infrastructure, and emphasize the role of satellite data in improving early warning systems and flood management strategies in flood-prone areas such as Padang.
IoT-based Clothesline Monitoring and Control System Design with Smartphone Display Rena Ramadhani Putri; Pakhrur Razi
Georest Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v2i1.25

Abstract

Indonesia is geographically located on the equator and has two seasons: the rainy season and the dry season. The current global warming has made the weather erratic, making the dry and rainy seasons unpredictable. This is a problem for people who want to dry clothes. To overcome this problem, an automatic control system is needed that can be monitored remotely via Smartphone. This research, with the title Designing an Automatic Clothesline Tool Based on the Internet Of Things, this tool is designed as an automatic control system for clothespins that can be monitored via smartphone remotely, so people don't have to worry about leaving the clothesline. This tool uses NodeMCU Esp32 and uses a rain sensor to detect weather conditions. DC motor is used to move the clothesline in or clothesline out which is controlled by a motor driver. Limit Switch to provide feedback that the clothesline has entered or the clothesline is out.
Hanifsyah Rozi, Pakhrur Razi Identification of Extreme Rainfall in Padang Based on Weather Radar Imagery : Case Study Flood July 2023: Approach Using Weather Radar Data rozi, hanifsyah
Georest Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v2i1.27

Abstract

Extreme rainfall combined with high impact weather frequently happens in the Padang city region, resulting in flooding, damaging livelihoods, and endangering lives and the environment. Consequently, the detection of intense precipitation patterns like convective cloud development, cloud distribution patterns, as well as the time and duration of rainfall needs to be analyzed to improve disaster mitigation and research development, especially in the Padang city area. In this study we processed gematronic brand weather radar data with volumetric format to produce several weather radar products to identify extreme rainfall that causes flooding. Based on our identification, the rain on July 13 to 14, 2023 has occurred from noon to early morning, detected convective clouds with reflectivity values reaching 55-60 dBZ which indicates light rain to extreme rain, with peak rain occurring in the afternoon and evening. Identifying the pattern and duration of extreme rainfall allows for better planning and risk mitigation measures.
Surface Monitoring of the Grasberg Open Pit Mine Using Sentinel-1A Data Tiara Putri Elizet; Pakhrur Razi; Suci Rizki
GeoREST Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v4i1.132

Abstract

The Grasberg Open Pit Mine, operated by PT Freeport Indonesia, experiences significant and dynamic ground displacement driven by ongoing, intensive surface and subsurface mining operations. To effectively monitor these complex structural shifts, this study employs Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery in conjunction with the Interferometric SAR (InSAR) technique to quantify surface deformation with high millimeter-level accuracy across the mining complex. The comprehensive data processing workflow involved multi-temporal C-band Sentinel-1A acquisition, precise interferogram formation, coherence estimation, phase unwrapping, and phase-to-displacement conversion to systematically map line-of-sight (LOS) movements. The empirical results revealed localized land subsidence reaching up to approximately 25 mm, alongside localized surface uplift reaching up to 15 mm over selected observation periods throughout 2025. Furthermore, these spatial deformation patterns highlight the critical influence of localized structural geology, hydrology, and steep topographic gradients on overall slope stability. Ultimately, these findings underscore the high reliability, broad coverage, and cost-effectiveness of spaceborne InSAR for continuous, high-resolution surface deformation monitoring. Integrating routine radar satellite telemetry into site management offers essential early-warning insights for pit slope hazard management, significantly mitigating landslide risks and supporting safer mining practices.
Analysis Of Surface Deformation Due To The Manay Earthquake, Philippines, Using The Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Method Based On Sentinel-1c Data Habibillah Alva Putra Alva; Pakhrur Razi
GeoREST Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v4i1.140

Abstract

The Philippines is one of the most tectonically active regions in the world, situated at the convergence of several major and minor plates, including the Philippine Sea Plate, the Sunda Plate, and the Eurasian Plate. This complex tectonic setting makes the archipelago highly susceptible to frequent and often destructive earthquakes, which can trigger significant deformation of the ground surface, infrastructure damage, and secondary hazards such as landslides and liquefaction. One notable seismic event occurred in the Manay region, Mindanao, Philippines, generating measurable surface displacement that requires accurate spatial assessment for effective disaster response and mitigation planning. However, ground-based monitoring alone is often insufficient to capture the spatial extent and pattern of coseismic deformation, particularly in remote or rapidly affected areas. This study addresses this gap by employing the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique to analyze surface deformation associated with the Manay earthquake, utilizing Sentinel-1C Single Look Complex (SLC) imagery. Pre-event and post-event SAR acquisitions were processed to generate interferograms, phase decomposition, and line-of-sight surface displacement maps. The InSAR approach enables wide-area deformation monitoring with high spatial resolution and centimeter-level accuracy, offering advantages over conventional in-situ measurement techniques. The resulting deformation maps reveal the spatial distribution and magnitude of ground displacement induced by the earthquake. These findings are expected to enhance the understanding of coseismic surface behavior in tectonically active regions and to serve as a valuable reference for future disaster risk assessment, seismic hazard mapping, and mitigation strategies in the Philippines and similar geodynamic settings.
Tropical Cyclone Intensity Modeling Using the Dvorak  Technique Based on Satellite Observations Yuli Fitria; Pakhrur Razi
GeoREST Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v4i1.141

Abstract

Tropical cyclones are among the most destructive atmospheric phenomena in tropical and subtropical regions, producing extreme winds, heavy rainfall, storm surges, and severe socio-economic impacts. Accurate estimation of tropical cyclone intensity is therefore essential for disaster risk reduction, particularly over oceanic regions where in-situ observations are limited. This study examines the temporal evolution of tropical cyclone intensity using the Dvorak Technique applied to satellite infrared and visible imagery during the period 27–29 November 2017. Distinct cloud structural patterns, including Curved Band, Central Dense Overcast, Embedded Center, and Eye Pattern, were systematically identified to derive T-numbers and Current Intensity (CI) values. These intensity estimates were converted into maximum sustained wind speeds using standard Dvorak–NOAA conversion tables. The results indicate a clear intensification sequence from a weak tropical system (T2.0) to a mature cyclone reaching a peak intensity of T5.5, corresponding to a maximum sustained wind speed of approximately 102 knots (≈188 km h⁻¹). A pronounced rapid intensification phase was detected, characterized by an increase exceeding 30 knots within a 24-hour period. The strong correspondence between cloud structural evolution and intensity variability confirms the robustness of the Dvorak Technique for tropical cyclone modeling and hazard assessment in data-sparse tropical regions.
Drought Disaster Analysis Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Under the Influence of ENSO and the IOD in the Northern Region of Banten Province (1991–2020 Period) Dodi Saputra; Pakhrur Razi
GeoREST Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Georest
Publisher : EarthCare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57265/georest.v4i1.144

Abstract

Drought is a physical phenomenon that begins with reduced rainfall (meteorological drought) and can develop into agricultural and hydrological drought through heat and water-vapor transfer processes driven by sea surface temperature anomalies such as El Niño and the Positive Dipole Mode (IOD), which suppress cloud formation and rainfall over Indonesia. This study in the northern region of Banten Province (Serang and Tangerang) for the 1991–2020 period analyzes meteorological drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and relates it to ENSO (ONI) and the IOD. The results show that the most severe extreme drought occurred during the three-month deficit period of October–December 1997 with an SPI of −3.9 and during the six-month deficit period of January–June 2003 with an SPI of −4.1, while the most spatially widespread drought pattern across northern Banten occurred during the three-month SPI period. A strong El Niño event (ONI > +2) and a positive IOD phase (IOD > +1) in 1997 were associated with reduced atmospheric moisture and decreased rainfall, triggering extreme drought that appeared widespread in the three-month SPI map.

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