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Open Global Scietific Journal
Published by Research and Social Study Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29617952     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33292/ogsj.v1i2.8
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Environmental Science
Open Global Scietific Journal (OGSJ) is a periodical publication from the IResearch and Social Study Institute (RESSI). Published semiannually, the journal has a goal to be a means of communication and dissemination of research results in Agriculture Sciences. Start Vol 1 Issue 2 Open Global Scientific Journal will publishes research articles, reviews/mini-reviews and letters in all areas of agricultural science. Topics covered include: 1. Agronomy 2. Plant breeding 3. Agricultural biotechnology (including tissue culture, molecular markers, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, genetic engineering, genome editing as well as synthetic biology) 4. Crop physiology and agroecology 5. Soil science and agroclimatology 6. Agricultural economics and rural sociology 7. Sustainable systems 8. Crop protection and Cultivation 9. Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Development 10. Environmental implications of agricultural land 11. Environmental Sciences, including prevention and correction of adverse environmental effects (e.g., soil degradation, waste management, bioremediation)
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 53 Documents
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Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Brown Rice: Method Temperature and Time Mulono Apriyanto; Anto Ariyanto; Ervayendri; Dita Fitriani
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v4i2.76

Abstract

Background: Brown rice contains bioactives, including flavonoids and carotenoids, which function as antioxidants. Polyphenols are flavonoid molecules that are widely found in plant life and have antioxidant properties. Antioxidants can help suppress or prevent oxidation of substrates. The body needs antioxidants to ward off free radicals.Aims: This study evaluated the antioxidant and flavonoid activities of brown rice extract, using ethanol for extraction in an ultrasonic bath. Each of the first and second Erlenmeyer flasks received 150 ml of ethanol for extraction.Methods: An ultrasonic bath operating at 47 kHz and 45 ºC was used for further extraction for either 20 or 30 minutes on the primary flask. The Erlenmeyer jar was also removed at 55 ºC after 20 or 30 minutes. Flavonoid quantifications began with dissolving 10 mg of brown rice extract in ethanol to reach a concentration of 1000 ppm. The content was homogenized until uniform, incubated, and the absorbance measured at 415 nm. To prepare an extract solution from 25 mg of extract, ethanol was added to make a total of 25 ml. The resulting extraction solution contained concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm, with 1 mL of 0.4 mM DPPH solution added to each concentration.Results: Variations in extraction time and temperature did not significantly affect flavonoid levels (p>0.05), increasing extraction temperatures resulted in diminished antioxidant efficacy.Conclusion: The study confirmed the direct correlation between antioxidant capacity and flavonoid concentration, emphasizing that lower extraction temperatures yield better results.
Solid Bath Soap Formulation with Butterfly Pea Flower Extract (Clitoria ternatea) and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Dwi Putri Rejeki; Fitriani; Rosa Mardiana
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v4i2.77

Abstract

Background: Solid bath soap is a widely used cleansing product that must meet quality and skin safety requirements. The use of synthetic ingredients in commercial soaps has the potential to cause irritation, so developing natural soaps is a safer alternative. Butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) are known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which have antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) serves as a good base for vegetable fat in the saponification process.Aims: This study aims to formulate a solid bath soap made from VCO with the addition of ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers and to evaluate its physical characteristics and safety.Methods: The research was conducted experimentally using a maceration method using 96% ethanol to obtain butterfly pea flower extract. Solid soap was formulated in four formulas: one control formula without extract (F0) and three formulas with varying concentrations of butterfly pea flower extract (F1, F2, and F3). Evaluation of the preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, skin irritation tests, and preference tests.Results: The results showed that all soap formulas were solid, homogeneous, and organoleptically stable. The pH values ​​of formulas F1, F2, and F3 were within the soap pH range required by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), while F0 did not meet the pH criteria for solid soap. Irritation tests showed that all formulas were safe and did not cause irritation in volunteers. Based on the preference test, formulas with low to medium extract concentrations were preferred by respondents.Conclusion/ Recommendation: Therefore, butterfly pea flower extract and VCO have the potential to be used as natural ingredients in safe and high-quality solid soap formulations.
Utilization of Garlic (Allium sativum) as a Functional Supplement to Enhance the Health and Performance of Cultured Fish: A Systematic Literature Review Sheny Permatasari
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v4i2.85

Abstract

Background: The increasing demand for aquaculture production requires the use of foods that not only meet nutritional needs but also promote fish health. The use of natural food additives has become an important alternative to reduce dependence on synthetic antibiotics. One of the most extensively studied natural food additives is garlic (Allium sativum). Garlic has been found to eliminate major pathogenic bacteria, strengthen immunity, improve health status, enhance growth, and increase flesh quality in freshwater fish. With its multifunctional properties, garlic represents a promising functional feed additive to enhance growth performance, food utilization, and stress resistance in cultured fish.Aims: This article was prepared using a systematic literature-review approach on the effects of garlic supplementation in aquaculture feeds.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for articles published within the last ten years in Scopus‐or SINTA‐indexed journals. The review included: (1) experimental studies investigating the effects of garlic supplementation in fish feed or rearing media; (2) studies involving growth, physiological, immune, or water quality parameters; and (3) articles focusing on aquaculture species such as tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and groupers (Epinephelus spp.).Results: The evidence has been shown that garlic can enhance growth performance, food efficiency, and immune response in fish, particularly in species such as tilapia, carp, rainbow trout, rohu and grouper. The effective dosage generally ranges between 0.5–3% garlic powder in food, with variations depending on species and application methods.Conclusion/ Recommendation: Future studies should focus on developing probiotic–herbal feed products based on fermented garlic and assessing the economic and social feasibility of natural phytobiotic applications in intensive aquaculture systems.
Incidence and Severity of African Cassava Mosaic in Mubugu and Kalima Fields in Kalehe Territory, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Ushindi Zihindula Victor; Deborah Mutarushwa
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.66

Abstract

Background: Since cassava is a staple crop whose roots and leaves serve as a staple food in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in general and in Kalehe in particular, efforts to increase its productivity face numerous constraints, among which diseases, particularly the endemic form of mosaic disease, play a significant role.Aims: This study aimed to assess the incidence and severity of African cassava mosaic (ACM) disease in two clusters within the Kalehe territory in order to propose potential solutions to limit its spread and proliferation.Methods: To achieve this, surveys were conducted in 200 cassava fields. Two techniques, specifically analysis of variance and correlation analysis using Stata software, enabled us to interpret the field data.Results: The research results showed that the level of attack by African cassava mosaic virus on cassava was high in the Kalehe territory. ACM was present in both groups. The highest incidence of ACM was 56.39% in KALIMA and 56.030% in MUBUGU. By locality, the highest incidence of ACM was 57.3% in MAFUO, MAKUTA (56.3%), and KASHEWE (56.8%), followed by MAKWE (55.99%), MUSHUNGUTI (55.99%), LUKANDO (55.99%), KABARE (55.9%), MISIMA (55.99%), CIGOMA (55. 8%), and IRANGI (55.8%), with an overall average for these 10 localities of 56.21%. In addition, all the varieties identified in the fields at Kalehe, notably NAMALE, NAMBIYO, ELONA, and SAWASAWA, were susceptible to African cassava mosaic, with relative incidences of 73.5%, 72.26%, 38.99%, and 39.06%, respectively, and a high severity level ranging from 2 to 3. There was a negative relationship between mosaic severity and variety, i.e., the lower the level of mosaic severity, the less diseased the varieties. Hence, this study highlights local varieties, even though research regularly develops and disseminates improved varieties resistant to African cassava mosaic.Conclusion: African cassava mosaic disease showed a high incidence and severity across cassava fields in the Kalehe territory, indicating that the disease is widely distributed in the study area. All identified local cassava varieties were susceptible to the disease, highlighting the need for resistant varieties and improved disease management strategies.
Evaluation of the Viability and Vigor of Karya Pelalawan Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa L.) Under Salt Stress Conditions Mardiani Putri; Yudia Azmi; Salmiyati Salmiyati
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.84

Abstract

Background: One of the well-known rice varieties from Pelalawan is the Karya Pelalawan rice, which can be developed in tidal swamp lands in Riau Province. The tidal lands of Pelalawan Regency frequently experience variable salinity levels, yet the salinity tolerance of the Karya Pelalawan rice variety remains poorly defined. Consequently, it is necessary to conduct tests across diverse salinity concentrations. Aims: This research aims to identify the tolerant concentration of NaCl in the salinity test on the viability and vigor of rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) of the Karya Pelalawan variety.Methods: The study employed a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 5 replications. The treatments were as follows: P0 (0 ppm), P1 (2500 ppm), P2 (5000 ppm), P3 (7500 ppm), and P4 (10000 ppm). The observed parameters included germination percentage, first count test (FCT) percentage, germination rate, radicle and plumule growth of seedlings, and seed vigor test. Data were analyzed using Excel and ANOVA, followed by the DMRT at 5% significance level.Results: The results showed that NaCl application affected the germination percentage, FCT percentage, germination rate, radicle and plumule growth, and seed vigor. The tolerant NaCl concentration for germination was P1 (2,500 ppm) as seen from the germination percentage, FCT percentage, germination rate, and seed vigor.Conclusion: The application of salinity stress can affect germination characteristics. However, at 2500 ppm, it can improve the germination quality of Karya Pelalawan rice seeds.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Lotion Formulated with Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Seed Oil and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seed Oil Yulyuswarni Yulyuswarni; Fadhilah Aulia Putri
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.86

Abstract

Background: Skin damage caused by ultraviolet light and free radicals is a growing health problem in tropical countries such as Indonesia. The demand for natural skin care products with high antioxidant and moisturizing effects has driven the development of vegetable oil-based formulations.Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of varying concentrations of moringa seed oil on the physical characteristics and stability of lotions formulated with a combination of moringa seed and sunflower seed oils.Methods: This study used a completely randomized laboratory experimental design (CRD). Four formula variations were created with varying moringa seed oil concentrations: 0%, 6%, 9%, and 12%, with a fixed sunflower seed oil concentration of 5%. Physical quality evaluation included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and stability testing for 28 days at temperatures of 25-30°C. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05.Results: All formulas produced a homogeneous lotion preparation with a pH ranging from 5.2–5.6 and a spreadability diameter between 5.8–6.8 cm, which are within the standard range for topical preparations. Statistical analysis showed that increasing the concentration of moringa seed oil significantly affected the pH and spreadability of the lotion (p < 0.05), but did not affect homogeneity. Over 28 days of storage, no significant changes were observed in the physical parameters, indicating good stability of the preparation. Theoretically, this study strengthens the oil-water phase equilibrium model in the emulsion structure. At the same time, practically, the results contribute to the development of natural cosmetic products based on local ingredients that are safe, effective, and highly competitive in the cosmetic industry market.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that moringa seed oil has the potential to be used as a natural active ingredient in cosmetic lotion formulations based on local natural ingredients. A limitation of this study lies in the short storage time. Further research is recommended to include long-term stability tests and quantitative analysis of antioxidant activity to strengthen empirical evidence of the formulation's effectiveness.
Formulation and Physical Stability Evaluation of Herbal Liniment Containing Various Ginger Varieties (Zingiber officinale) Aulia Fauziah Bening Hanani; Muhammad Arzam Fadhluddin Al Fikri; Melia Fitriana; Anugraheny Ayu Pramita; Rima Via; Farida Anwari; Herni Setyawati
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.93

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a common health problem that can reduce the quality of life. Topical liniments are often used to relieve pain; however, long-term use of synthetic liniments carries a risk of skin irritation. Herbal-based liniments made from ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) are relatively safer, provide a warming sensation, and among their biological activities are anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.Aims: This research aims to evaluation of herbal liniment identify containing various ginger varieties.Methods: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the physical stability of a herbal liniment with variations of ginger: red, gajah, and emprit. Three formulas were created, each containing 10% ginger extract in virgin coconut oil as a base. The evaluation was conducted over 28 days at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C), covering organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, and transferable volume.Results: The results showed good physical stability: pH 5.00–5.66, viscosity 5.00–5.60 cP, maintained homogeneity, and volume >95%. Statistical analysis (p > 0.05) revealed no significant differences among the formulas. However, the dark brown color did not meet this standard.Conclusion: This herbal liniment is stable and has the potential to be developed as a topical preparation based on natural ingredients; however, color optimization is needed for better consumer acceptance.
Optimization of Essential Oil Formulations for Ultrasonic Diffusers Based on Aroma Profile and Persistence Daimon Syukri; Aisman Aisman; Rini Rini; Aisyah Putri; Luwina Makni Kusuma; Rafifa Putria Dewita; Napassawan Liamnimitr
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.90

Abstract

Background: Ultrasonic diffusers disperse essential oils without direct heating, making them suitable for aromatherapy. Combining oils with citrus, floral, herbal, and fixative characteristics may produce a more balanced and longer-lasting aroma, although information on optimal formulations for ultrasonic diffusers remains limited.Aims: This study aimed to obtain an optimal essential oil formulation for ultrasonic diffuser products based on aroma preference and persistence.Methods: Seven essential oils (kaffir lime, ylang-ylang, bergamot, rosemary, cajuput, peppermint, and patchouli) were combined into five formulations. Thirty untrained panelists assessed aroma preference and intensity using direct sniffing. Aroma persistence was monitored for 12 hours at three-hour intervals using 10 drops of each formulation in 300 mL of water.Results: Formulation F3 obtained the highest preference score and showed the best aroma persistence. The combination of citrus and floral oils with patchouli as a fixative produced a balanced, favorable, and longer-lasting aroma compared to other formulations.Conclusion: Formulation F3 was identified as the optimal formulation based on aroma preference and persistence. Combining complementary essential oils with patchouli as a fixative shows potential for developing natural essential oil-based ultrasonic diffuser products.
Isolation and Identification of Coliform Bacteria in Street Food Products from the Pangandaran Coastal Area, Indonesia Rizq Aaqilah Gusly; Malvin Albert; Diffa Amanda Iswhara; Jiang Lei; Yolani Syaputri
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.95

Abstract

Background: The Pangandaran coastal tourism area, characterized by high visitor density, presents a significant risk for foodborne illness. Data from the West Java Provincial Health Office recorded diarrheal cases in Pangandaran Regency between 2016 and 2024 ranging from 8,003 to 11,789 cases per year, indicating persistent concerns regarding sanitation and food quality.  Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of coliform bacteria in street foods sold in the Pangandaran coastal tourism area through a comprehensive laboratory-based approach.Methods: Food samples were collected using purposive sampling. Analysis was performed through Total Coliform Count (TCC), coliform confirmation testing, Gram staining, and the IMViC test series.Results: TCC values in cilok (107 × 10² CFU/g) and pecel sayur (2,173 × 10² CFU/g) exceeded the established maximum limits. In contrast, sosis (47 × 10² CFU/g), siomay (35 × 10² CFU/g), and rujak buah (18 × 10² CFU/g) remained within acceptable limits. Bakwan, cakwe, cimol, and ketan kukus showed no colony growth. Gram staining, coliform confirmation, and IMViC tests confirmed the presence of Gram-negative bacteria in contaminated samples, with characteristics indicative of Escherichia coli based on morphological and biochemical profiles.Conclusion: Cilok and pecel sayur contained coliform contamination exceeding the maximum permissible limits, with isolates indicative of E. coli in several samples. Improvements in hygiene, sanitation, and food safety monitoring for street food vendors in the area are strongly recommended, alongside molecular confirmation for definitive species identification.
Lead (Pb) Accumulation by Typha angustifolia and Cyperus alternifolius in a Constructed Wetland System Nilam Kinanti; Intan Permata Hadi
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v5i1.108

Abstract

Background: Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants in aquatic environments due to its extensive use in industrial activities. In developing countries such as Indonesia, wastewater treatment facilities often have limited capacity to effectively process industrial effluents, leading to the release of Pb-contaminated wastewater into the environment.Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the Pb accumulation potential and phytoremediation performance of Typha angustifolia and Cyperus alternifolius in a laboratory-scale constructed wetland system operated under a static batch method for the remediation of Pb-contaminated water.Methods: The experiment consisted of a control treatment without plants and two plant species exposed to three Pb concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg L⁻¹). Water temperature, water pH, soil pH, and Pb concentrations in water, soil, and plant tissues were measured. Temperature and pH were recorded at 1 and 14 days after planting, while Pb concentrations were analyzed at the end of the 14-day experimental period. The phytoremediation potential of both plant species was evaluated using the Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF).Results: The results showed that the constructed wetland system effectively reduced Pb concentrations in water, with removal efficiencies ranging from 85% to 96%. However, the soil have big contribution in removal Pb in water. T. angustifolia demonstrated BCF and TF values greater than 1 across all Pb concentrations, indicating strong accumulation and translocation abilities. In contrast, C. alternifolius exhibited BCF values below 1 but TF values greater than 1, suggesting limited accumulation capacity with effective Pb translocation from roots to shoots.Conclusion: Both species have potential for application in constructed wetland systems for Pb remediation, with T. angustifolia showing superior phytoremediation performance.

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