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Edi Cahyono
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga
ISSN : 28307704     EISSN : 2962665X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Social Sciences
IJoReSH: Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity is a multidisciplinary and peer-reviewed journal which is published by the Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga, Indonesia. It is committed to the scholarly study of the dynamic interplays among religion, spirituality, and humanity. It particularly focuses on the works which deal with anthropology of religion, sociology of religion, and philosophy of religion. IJoReSH is international in its coverage and range and is envisioned to be a forum for scholarly exchanges on issues related to religion, spirituality, and humanity.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Antropologi
Articles 40 Documents
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Religion and technology: ethical implications of integrating artificial intelligence into religious practice and experience Chanda, Armstrong
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i1.25-54

Abstract

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into religious practices offers both significant opportunities and ethical challenges that need to be carefully considered. As AI technologies become more embedded in daily life, their application within spiritual contexts, including Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam, raises critical questions about privacy, data security, authenticity, and the commodification of sacred experiences. This study examines the ethical issues raised by AI in religious settings and explores ways to address them. The goal is to create a balanced approach that takes advantage of technology's benefits while respecting religious beliefs. Guided by the ethical framework of Principlism theory, including not harming (non-maleficence), doing good (beneficence), fairness (justice), and freedom (autonomy), the research employs qualitative document analysis and case studies from China, India, and Japan, to explore AI’s role in virtual worship, digital religious education, and personalised spiritual guidance. AI allows for virtual worship services, breaking down physical boundaries as witnessed globally. Its algorithms can analyse religious texts, leading to deeper comprehension. Additionally, it provides tailored guidance, which can enrich spiritual paths. By utilising AI, religious practices can become more engaging and inclusive, especially for diverse populations. The paper concludes that while AI holds transformative potential for enriching religious life, its implementation must be carefully aligned with ethical principles and cultural sensitivities to preserve the integrity and authenticity of diverse religious traditions. Future research should focus on developing ethical AI frameworks through collaboration among theologians, ethicists, and AI developers, and assess their impact on community engagement and spiritual authenticity.
The ethics of ḥayā’ in contemporary Middle Eastern Salafism: meaning, forms and functions of modesty Belhaj, Abdessamad
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i1.1-24

Abstract

This article examines the concept of ḥayāʼ (modesty) in contemporary Salafi discourse, a topic that is often overlooked in academic studies, reducing it to a narrow understanding of shame. In relation to classical Islamic ethics present ḥayāʼ as a multidimensional virtue encompassing dignity, self-restraint, and moral responsibility, this study fills the gap by analysing how modern Salafi thinkers redefine ḥayāʼ as a preventive ethical framework central to Islamic piety and behaviour. The research aims at identifying the meanings, forms, and functions of ḥayāʼ as exemplified in five major Salafi texts from Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia. It employs a tripartite approach consisting of historical contextualization, close textual analysis, and ethical interpretation to establish contemporary Salafi modesty discourse within the broader Islamic moral tradition. The findings show that Salafi scholars combine classical ḥadith-based definitions with determined Sufi ethical insights to present ḥayāʼ as a comprehensive moral force. They emphasise its role in fostering God-consciousness, discouraging immoral behaviour, and nurturing disciplined conduct, thereby reinforcing both individual virtue and social order. The study demonstrates that Salafi ethics of modesty reflect a hybrid character that remains committed to tradition while adapting to contemporary Muslim contexts. As a result, this research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of Islamic ethics, particularly in clarifying the expanding role of ḥayāʼ in the Salafi discourse. It also encourages further research to assess how other Islamic schools align or differ from Salafism in their ethical views on ḥayāʼ and related virtues.
Advocacy for Muslim women and children as victims of domestic violence in Central Java, Indonesia Ulinnuha, Muhammad; Widiyanto, Asfa
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i1.108-133

Abstract

This study is aimed at revealing the strategies of advocacy for Muslim women and children who become victims of domestic violence in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.  This research was conducted at the ‘Legal Resources Centre for Gender Justice and Human Rights’ (LRC KJHAM) and the ‘Regional Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children’ (UPTD PPA). Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews and documentation. It employs two main theories, namely conflict theory and the maqasid al-shari’a (objectives of Islamic law). The results show that the advocacy efforts embrace complaint services, assessment, medical referrals, provision of safe houses, counselling, litigation and non-litigation legal assistance, empowerment, and policy advocacy. Based on conflict theory, a dialectic is found in domestic violence cases.  This can be observed that male dominance in a patriarchal system represents a thesis, whilst rejection of violence as a violation of human rights and Islamic principles embodies an antithesis, and advocacy as a form of resolution serves as synthesis. Furthermore, from the perspective of maqasid al-shari’a, this advocacy aligns with the five essential objectives of Islamic law, namely, preservation of religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn) through strengthening faith; preservation of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) through medical services and safe houses; preservation of lineage (ḥifẓ al-naśl) through child protection and legal aid; preservation of intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql) through counselling; and preservation of wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl) through economic empowerment. This paper argues that the advocacy provided in these two institutions is not merely legal-formal, but also reflects a broader effort for social transformation rooted in Islamic teachings.
Tombor maghi as an interfaith ritual: lived religion among Muslims and Christians in West Papua, Indonesia Ngabalin, Marthinus; Lattu, Izak Y. M; Qurtuby, Sumanto Al; Tampake, Tony
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i1.55-84

Abstract

This article explores the Tombor Maghi ritual among the Fakfak community in West Papua Province, Indonesia, which strengthens interfaith relations, particularly between Muslims and Christians. Originally part of a traditional marriage custom, the ritual has developed into a broader form of community solidarity involving cross-religious cooperation. While scholars in anthropology and sociology have extensively studied rituals, research that focuses explicitly on rituals within the context of inter-religious relations remains relatively underdeveloped. This study addresses three main research questions: how the Tombor Maghi ritual is practiced and interpreted by the Fakfak community across religious affiliations; what role the ritual plays in fostering interfaith cooperation and reinforcing communal solidarity; and what symbolic and social significance the ritual holds within the broader framework of lived religion and indigenous approaches to peacebuilding. This study employs a qualitative methodology, utilising a realist ethnographic approach. Data were collected through interviews and field observations conducted in Fakfak Regency. The findings indicate that Tombor Maghi continues to be preserved as a form of cultural dialogue that weaves together interfaith relations. The ritual reflects cultural knowledge that is created, transmitted, and practised in daily life. It provides a space for Muslims and Christians to collaborate through community-based initiatives, such as at mosques and churches. In light of these findings, further research related to this topic is suggested because there are still many interesting issues to discuss in connection with rituals that have become a philosophy in social life.
Prayers for sale: lived Islam and spiritual marketplace in contemporary Nigerian society Mudasiru, Moruff
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i1.85-107

Abstract

Prayers play a significant role in the pursuit of a spiritual culture that fosters the social fabric of everyday life in a spiritual marketplace. Many people increasingly embrace Islam and Muslim clerics because they wield significant spiritual capital, often influenced by neoliberal ideology.  Nevertheless, limited scholarly attention is devoted to these expressive cultural practices as it is lived. This study examines how itinerant Muslim clerics in Yoruba society creatively market and deliver prayers in public spaces and explores the socio-religious functions these practices fulfil in contemporary urban contexts.  The research explores the material and embodied power inherent in Islamic symbolism by focusing on clerics who publicly offer prayers and blessings as a means to soothe and respond to the complexities of human existence. Utilising performance theory as its analytical framework, and drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in southwest Nigeria, the study explores how the commodification of prayers is mobilised to shape urban life. It further investigates the ritualised pursuit of baraka (divine blessing) among religious consumers aiming to attain personal goals, most notably success, hope, survival, and livelihood. These salient yet creative practices illustrate how the Yoruba people construct and ‘live’ to create a reflective spiritual lifestyle that embeds Islamic sensibilities and meanings within the broader socio-cultural landscape of everyday urban life.
Muslim cadre education and its role in shaping religious authority in 19th-Century West Java Nurjaman, Andri; Witro, Doli; Alamin, Nurul; Alghani, Raid; Yusuf, Muhamad
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i2.237-264

Abstract

This article investigates the Muslim cadre education and its role in shaping religious authority in nineteenth-century West Java through the case of KH Ahmad Syatibi Al-Qonturi and his pesantren (Islamic boarding school). This study conceptualises religious authority as a socially produced legitimacy sustained through epistemic credibility, moral exemplarity, and networked reproduction. The research employs a qualitative historical design, based on documentary sources, and applies qualitative data analysis procedures, including data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Mama Syatibi developed a pesantren-based infrastructure for Muslim cadre education that contributed to the consolidation of religious authority in West Java. This model of Muslim cadre education operated through three interconnected practices: regular teaching and recitation, da‘wah bil qalam (preaching with the pen) through extensive written works, and a role model as embodied moral discipline. These practices strengthened authority by making interpretive competence publicly verifiable, stabilising knowledge transmission through texts, and reinforcing communal trust through exemplary conduct. Moreover, the diffusion of his students —many of whom became Muslim scholars and founded or led pesantren across West Java— demonstrates how Muslim cadres reproduced religious authority through educational succession and institutional multiplication. The study contributes to scholarship on Islamic education and leadership by showing how pesantren-based education and training shaped religious authority in the West Javanese context from the nineteenth to the early twentieth century.
Earth-based spirituality of indigenous Filipinos: a decolonial intervention of the human-nature divide within Christian theology Robin, Lope Balantucas; Sadje, Hadje
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i2.186-210

Abstract

This paper examines the earth-based spirituality of the Igorot peoples of the Cordillera region in Northern Luzon, Philippines, as a decolonial intervention against the human–nature divide perpetuated by Western modernity and anthropocentric Christian theology. Engaging recent decolonial discussions on how coloniality shapes knowledge and representation, alongside scholarship on Cordilleran identity and contemporary indigenous religiosity, the paper addresses a persistent fragmentation between colonial genealogies, lived religion, and ethical-ecological reflection. Methodologically, the study employs a qualitative, conceptual decolonial eco-theological analysis of purposively selected secondary sources, including ethnographic and historical works on Igorot lifeworld, as well as relevant theological and decolonial literature. Through iterative close reading and thematic mapping of Igorot beliefs and practices, the analysis highlights a relational worldview in which land and the more-than-human world are understood as an interdependent sacred community. Central to this framework is the recognition of nature as inhabited by ancestral and environmental spirits (anitos), which grounds ritual reciprocity—permission-seeking, offerings, and communal rites such as the cañao—that disciplines resource use toward restraint, gratitude, and communal well-being. The paper argues that these practices constitute a decolonial moral ecology that contests colonial-capitalist logics of extraction, offering constructive implications for ecological theology, environmental ethics, and justice-oriented solidarity with Indigenous peoples.
Catholic inculturation in Vietnam, the Philippines, and South Korea: a comparative study Tran, Quang Vu
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i2.134-161

Abstract

In the context of globalisation and the growing interplay between religion, politics, and culture, the inculturation of Catholicism in Asia presents a significant case for examining how universal faith traditions adapt within diverse socio-political environments. This study addresses two main problems, namely, (a) what forms of Catholic inculturation have emerged in Vietnam, the Philippines, and South Korea, and (b) how cultural traditions, historical trajectories, and political frameworks shape these processes. Adopting a comparative case-study approach, the research employs thematic content analysis of triangulated secondary sources, including scholarly literature, official state and Church documents, and institutional reports, within a theoretical framework that conceptualises inculturation as a dialogue between the Gospel and local culture. The findings identify three distinctive models: (a) the Philippines demonstrates ‘comprehensive integration’, where Catholicism is deeply embedded in national identity; (b) South Korea illustrates ‘contestation and adaptation’, where Catholic identity was forged through persecution, conflict, and socio-political activism; and (c) Vietnam reflects ‘adaptation within boundaries’, where Catholicism develops under a socialist legal framework while aligning with cultural and national principles. By highlighting the salient influence of political authority and historical pathways, this study contributes a refined comparative framework for understanding Catholic inculturation in Asia, moving beyond purely cultural explanations to show how contextualisation can operate as cultural integration, a socio-political force, or a state-accommodated (socialist-oriented) form of adaptation.
Conviction or convenience? conversion to Islam in the West, Korea, and Southeast Asia Allison, Safwaan Zamakda
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i2.162-185

Abstract

The phenomenon of religious conversion to Islam has grown steadily across various societies. However, whilst much attention has focused on the personal and spiritual dimensions of conversion, less has been said about the divergence between converts of conviction (those who embrace Islam owing to deeply held personal beliefs) and converts of convenience (those who convert due to external pressures and strategic interests, or to enter into a marriage with an existing Muslim). This paper examines the complex motivations behind conversion to Islam, particularly in Western, Korean, and Southeast Asian contexts. It proposes a theoretical framework to distinguish between faith-driven and circumstantially driven conversions. More explicitly, the study aims to: (a) map the range of motivations shaping conversion; (b) analyse how both converts and born-Muslims interpret sincerity, intention, and authenticity; and (c) evaluate the social, ethical, and theological implications of convenience-based conversions. Whilst acknowledging the difficulty of placing individuals into the categories of ‘conviction’ or ‘convenience,’ intention remains a central element of the Islamic tradition. This study adopts a qualitative interpretivist approach based on unstructured interviews with converts and born-Muslims, seeking to deepen understanding of the diverse trajectories of conversion, the influence of socio-political forces on religious identity, and the responsibilities of Muslim communities in engaging with both sincere and nominal converts. The findings indicate that although both conviction and convenience exist, extensive grey areas persist, particularly regarding ‘cultural Islam’ and the performance of rituals shaped more by personal habit or social custom than by deep religious commitment.
Modern grids, old sources: the viability of applying modern typologies of religious diversity to medieval Islamic thought Kocyigit, Ibrahim
IJORESH Indonesian Journal of Religion Spirituality and Humanity Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity
Publisher : Postgraduate Program of State Islamic University (UIN) Salatiga Jl. Lingkar Salatiga Km. 02 Salatiga, Indonesia https://pps.uinsalatiga.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijoresh.v4i2.211-236

Abstract

This article assesses the viability of applying modern typologies of religious diversity to medieval Islamic thought. Using Alan Race’s threefold schema of exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism, as refined by Perry Schmidt-Leukel, it reconstructs these categories in epistemological and soteriological terms. It tests them through a qualitative, text-oriented analysis of key figures in classical Islamic theology (kalam) and Islamic mysticism (taṣawwuf). The study proceeds by clarifying the truth and salvation claims presupposed by each category and examining how medieval arguments about prophetic finality, moral responsibility, divine justice, and mercy align with, or fail to align with, the modern grid. Al-Māturīdī and al-Ghazālī represent ‘moderate exclusivism’, affirming the finality and superiority of Islam while allowing limited salvation for certain religious ‘others’ through appeals to reason and differentiated accountability. Ibn Taymiyya embodies an ‘undecided exclusivism,’ combining a sharp critique of non-Muslim traditions with post-mortem testing and a non-eternal view of hell. By contrast, Ibn ʿArabī and Rūmī exhibit inclusivist and pluralising tendencies, especially in their doctrines of waḥdat al-wujūd (unity of beings) and divine mercy, while simultaneously upholding hierarchical evaluations of religions shaped by doctrinal commitments and historical circumstances. This internal tension challenges their frequent reception as straightforward paradigms of Islamic pluralism. The article concludes that Race’s grid is heuristically useful but historically fragile: exclusivism maps comparatively well onto medieval positions, whereas inclusivism and pluralism appear in mixed and unsystematic configurations. Accordingly, contemporary typologies can illuminate patterns of reasoning, but their application to premodern sources requires sustained methodological caution.

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