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Bioactivities
Published by Pandawa Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2963654X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.47352/bioactivities
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Medicine & Pharmacology
Bioactivities is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal for research activity on bioactivities of materials or compounds. This journal aims to provide a means for sustained discussion of relevant issues that fall within the focus and scopes of the journal which can be examined empirically in the following fields: 1) antioxidant; 2) antibacterial; 3) antifungal; 4) antiviral; 5) antibiotic; 6) anticancer; 7) antitumoral; 8) anti-fouling; 9) anti-inflammatory; 10) antihypertensive; 11) anti-obesity; 12) antiproliferative; 13) anti-opioid; and 14) biosorption. The Bioactivities is an open-access journal containing original research articles, review articles, and short communications in the areas related to bioactivities. The Bioactivities publishes 2 issues in a year in June (first issue) and December (second issue). This journal has adopted a double-blind reviewing policy whereby the referees and author(s) remain anonymous throughout the process.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 20 Documents
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Essential Oils: A “Potential Green” Alternative in Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Agricultural Sectors Nidhi Singh; Rupanshee Srivastava; Tripti Kanda; Sadhana Yadav; Rajesh Prajapati; Shivam Yadav; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Neelam Atri
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.197

Abstract

In the era of modern medicine, the therapeutic use of plant-derived essential oils has been one of the fascinating fields of study for researchers around the globe. The plant-derived essential oils, which are a combination of volatile organic compounds may be used as a substitute for the treatment of pathogenic microbes. The antimicrobial properties of essential oils are extremely diverse. In microbial infections, essential oils create an electrochemical gradient across the cell wall which intervenes with ATP synthesis and can also disrupt the electron transport system (ETS) by rupturing the mitochondrial membrane. Many essential oils have antiviral properties that can effectively treat COVID-19. The purpose of the current review is to shed light on the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils. A survey of the methods used for the determination of the interaction and mechanisms involved in the antimicrobial activities of essential oils are also reported as well and the applications of essential oils could be interesting COVID-19 therapeutic options because of their pharmacological actions. This review will attract the attention of researchers to optimize and elucidate the use of essential oils as green alternatives to treat the deadliest infectious diseases in living organisms.
Clove and Peppermint Essential Oils Effect on Pathogenic Gut Micro-Biota in Chronic Hepatic Disease Patients Mohamed T Shaaban; Gehan M Fahmy; Esraa H Saad; Hussein S Salama
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.213

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant bacteria infections in cirrhotic patients are currently increasing and associated with greater morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to decrease complications and bacterial infections that probably occurred after a patient undergoes liver transplantation surgery in Egypt using natural edible nontoxic peppermint and clove essential oils. All patients undergo clinical, laboratory, and microbiological testing. The recorded results showed that administered minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clove and peppermint essential oils significantly reduced the total colony forming unit (CFU) count of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with chronic hepatic disease. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of clove and peppermint oil revealed the presence of active constituents with antibacterial activities as indicated in previous reviews.
Influence of Solvent Polarity on Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, and Antimicrobial Properties of Delphinium denudatum: A Medicinal Herb from Sainj Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India Kiran Kumari; Priyanka Adhikari; Anita Pandey; Sher Singh Samant; Manohar Lal; Veena Pande
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.214

Abstract

Plants with medicinal properties play an important role in pharmaceutical industries for their disease prevention and treatment applications. Delphinium denudatum, commonly known as jadwar, is an important medicinal plant of the Himalayan region. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of solvent polarity (using seven different solvents i.e., methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and water separately) was estimated for its secondary metabolites production, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activities. Among the seven different extracting solvents used, the methanol extract of leaf rendered the highest phenolic content (80.52 mg GAE/g (dry weight (dw)). Acetone extracts for the shoot were found to be most efficient with the extraction of the highest flavonoid content (57.53 mg QE/g (dw) while the methanol extract of root rendered the highest tannin content 18.78 mg TAE/g (dw). Likewise, the methanol extract of the leaf showed the highest flavonol content 34.76 mg QE/g (dw). For antioxidant activity, the IC50 value for ABTS activity ranged from 35.15 to 103.08 µg/mL, and for DPPH activity it was 75.23 to 256.21 µg/mL. Further, all the plant parts i.e., leaf, shoot, and root, showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens having MIC between 400 to 900 µg/mL. Among all the tested plant parts, polar solvent leaf extracts had higher antioxidant activity. Furthermore, phenols, flavonols, tannins, and ABTS activity from leaf, shoot, and root have shown a positive relation with solvent polarity. In all three plant parts; phenols, flavonols, and tannin positively correlate with antibacterial activity. The present study further revealed that the secondary metabolites in the leaf, shoot, and root extracts of D. denudatum are an excellent source of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, thus validating the species’ therapeutic potential.
Preparation, Characterization, In silico and In vitro Antimicrobial Studies of Phenothiazine-3-sulphonamide Derivatives Eugene L Ayuk; Magdalene O Uchegbu; Peace I Ebiem-Kenechukwu; Timothy O Oni
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.215

Abstract

The antibacterial activities of phenothiazine and sulphonamide derivatives have attracted so much interest. In this study, the synthesis and characterization of phenothiazine-3-sulphonamide derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against the following pathogenic microorganisms is reported. Two Gram-positive bacteria; (Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 6538) and Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC: 27853)), two Gram-negative bacteria; (Escherichia coli(ATCC: 3008), and Salmonella typhi (ATCC: 25175)) as well as one fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC: 10231)) were used while ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and ketoconazole served as standard drugs. The synthesis of the derivatives was achieved through a base catalyzed the reaction of 4-chloroaniline with 1-naphthylamine to form 1-(naphthalen-1-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine. This intermediate was then treated with sulphur and iodine to yield the phenothiazine derivative while subsequent treatment of the phenothiazine compound with sulphonyl chlorides gave the final products. The synthesized compounds were characterized via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each compound was then determined using the agar well diffusion method. To predict the binding energies and patterns of the synthesized compounds with target proteins of the above-mentioned microorganisms, molecular docking simulations were run using Autodock Vina software (version 4.2). The spectra data of the compounds for FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data were consistent with the assigned structures of the synthesized compounds. The binding energies (kcal/mol) for in silico antimicrobial studies were in the range -5.1 to -7.6 kcal/mol. The MIC values were in the range 3.5 to 1.0 mg/L. The results of the in vitro test revealed that the synthesized compounds exhibit promising antimicrobial activity and showed excellent bactericidal and fungicidal activities. The results obtained showed that the synthesized compounds possess drug-like properties and are good starting materials for drug production.
Phytochemistry of Punica granatum Fruit: Its Nutritional and Biological Potential Saba Kiran; Asma Aslam; Asma Parveen; Muhammad Dilshad; Shabbir Hussain
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.220

Abstract

The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry, nutritional composition, and therapeutic implications associated with the consumption of pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruit, renowned for its dual role as a taste delicacy and a medicinal agent. A detailed exploration of the phytochemical composition is undertaken. Recognized for its myriad health benefits, this fruit has been historically employed as a remedy for diverse disorders, with its leaves, peel, and bark demonstrating efficacy in treating gastrointestinal issues leading to diarrhea. Notably, pomegranate juice has been utilized in treating cholera, while the oil extracted from seeds exhibits notable efficacy in addressing skin and breast cancer. The review underscores the presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, ellagitannins, catechin, and phenols, across various species of P. granatum. In addition to its rich phytochemical profile, pomegranate emerges as a nutritionally rich fruit, boasting significant quantities of vitamins C and D, magnesium, potassium, and dietary fibers. Its nutritional composition aligns with its therapeutic properties, encompassing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial attributes. Notably, a single cup of pomegranate arils contains 72 calories, 16 g of carbohydrates, and 3 g of dietary fiber. This review serves to deepen our understanding of the multifaceted nature of pomegranate, and addresses emerging and technological advancements in pomegranate phytochemistry.
Fight for Cancer Diseases using Natural Compounds and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan; Kasta Gurning; Iksen Iksen; Ahmad Bikharudin
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.221

Abstract

Cancer stands as one of the deadliest diseases afflicting contemporary human societies, encompassing over 100 distinct forms, including oral, salivary glands, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, colorectal, liver, pancreas, lung, skin, breast, cervix, ovary, prostate, kidney, brain, thyroid, and leukemia cancers. At the cellular level, the uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells can disrupt the body's normal functions. Chemotherapy, a widely recognized cancer treatment, utilizes anticancer agents to target specific cancer cell lines effectively. Natural compounds are favored for their compatibility with the body, minimal harm to healthy cells, and easy extraction from natural sources. These natural compounds and their derivatives hold promise for cancer therapy, boasting diverse structural and pharmacological characteristics. Additionally, chemical modifications can enhance their anticancer properties. This review explores the anticancer potential of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, xanthones, and epoxides, as well as elucidates their molecular mechanisms, such as their antiproliferative, apoptotic, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic actions. Furthermore, the effect of the functional group on the anticancer activity through the structure-activity relationship will be discussed in detail, supported by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Combining experimental in vitro and in vivo assays with computational in silico assays significantly helps us understand how we shall fight cancer diseases in the modern era.
A Ride on The Current State of Silver Nanoparticles in Health: What is The Next Stop? Adrián Gil-Korilis; Jorge Ergui-Arbizu
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.223

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their broad scientific and technological applications, among which those related to their bioactivity stand out the most. Its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antifouling, and biosorption properties have been widely studied and analyzed. Furthermore, numerous strategies are being investigated to overcome the main limitation of AgNPs, their cytotoxicity, such as the development of green chemistry synthesis methods using plant extracts or the use of support materials for controlled release of nanoparticles. However, the methodologies currently used in this line of research limit these nanomaterials from eventually being used in the clinic. It is necessary to implement animal models and interdisciplinary collaboration with biomedical research groups to develop therapies based on AgNPs that may be able to have an impact on the health of patients.
Extraction, Characterization, and Encapsulation of Cinnamon Hydrosol Obtained via Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation: Analysis of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities Bruno Estela; Campañone Laura Analía
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.229

Abstract

Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) method was employed to extract cinnamon oil and hydrosol (a byproduct). The total polyphenol content (TPC) of the cinnamon hydrosol (CH) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and its antioxidant power was assessed through the DPPH radical reduction method. Gas chromatography was utilized to quantify the main bioactive compound (cinnamaldehyde). The disc agar diffusion method was applied to evaluate the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. To protect the bioactive compound, an encapsulation method involving cross-linking with calcium alginate was utilized. The capsules were examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The TPC content was found to be 15.63 ± 0.21 mg gallic acid/g dry matter, and the DPPH radical inhibition rate was 84.26 ± 1.35%. CH exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli, and a moderate inhibition effect against Shigella flexneri, Salmonella spp., Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli EPEC. Finally, successful encapsulation of CH was achieved using sodium alginate, resulting in bead sizes ranging between 1.75 and 2.75 mm.
Evaluation of Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Bacteria from Dayak Onion Against Ganoderma boninense Desiana Sinta; Norwahyunie Norwahyunie; Noraini Noraini; Zulviana Zulviana; Frans Grovy Naibaho; Vinsen Willi Wardhana; Desimaria Panjaitan; Adrian Hartanto
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.239

Abstract

Basal stem rot (BSR) is one of the key contributors to the decline in palm oil production in Indonesia. BSR is caused by the pathogenic plant fungus Ganoderma boninense. Currently, the control of G. boninense growth relies on systemic fungicides. However, systemic fungicides have negative impacts as they can harm natural soil microorganisms. Biocontrol agents present an environmentally friendly alternative for G. boninense management. The objective of this research was to select and identify endophytic bacterial isolates from Dayak onion [Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.] with antagonistic activity against G. boninense. The investigation was initiated with the isolation of 34 endophytic bacterial isolates and G. boninense isolate. The hemolytic capabilities of endophytic bacterial isolates were evaluated on blood agar media. Antagonism assessments were conducted through the dual-culture method, and the inhibition of G. boninense was measured using the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG). The endophytic bacteria exhibiting the highest PIRG values were identified through molecular analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Results revealed that 27 isolates demonstrated no ability to hydrolyze blood agar (gamma hemolysis) indicating no pathogenicity. Isolate CED9 demonstrated the highest PIRG value at 70.26%. Genomic identification based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that isolate CED9 was classified as Bacillus subtilis. The identification of biocontrol agents from Dayak onion represents valuable information and a potential arsenal for future strategies in mitigating (BSR) disease.
Effect of The Garlic as Chelation Therapy in Reducing Lead and Cadmium Deposition on Suckling Mice Bidyut Das; Md. Anwar Hossain; Md. Siddiqul Islam; Md. Aktaruzzaman Zullhash; Md. Mowdudul Hasan Talha; Shahab Uddin Munna; Dwija Sutradhar; Ahasan Ullah Khan
Bioactivities Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Bioactivities
Publisher : Pandawa Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47352/bioactivities.2963-654X.240

Abstract

The study was conducted on suckling mice to determine the effects of chelation therapy in reducing the deposition of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). A total of 45 suckling mice were randomly divided into three main groups A (control), B, and C. Groups B and C contained Pb and Cd, respectively, at a concentration of 100 mg/kg bwt with 0, 1.70, 3.35, and 6.70% garlic given (B1, B2, B3, B4, and C1, C2, C3, C4). Mice exposed to Pb and Cd exhibited pronounced toxic symptoms along with a marked decrease in total erythrocyte and total leukocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and packed cell volume. Additionally, there is a significant increase in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) levels. The mean body weight of mice of groups B4, and C4 was the highest among the treated groups. Groups B1 and C1, exposed to Pb and Cd without garlic, showed significant declines in all parameters. Group A (control) shows stable and normal SGOT and SGPT levels. Group C1, exposed to Cd without garlic, experiences the highest increases in both SGOT (98.53 U/L) and SGPT (132.83 U/L), indicating severe liver damage. The group treated with Pb and Cd showed a significant reduction in total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin levels after 42-d of treatment. However, mice treated with a combination of Pb, Cd, and 6.70% garlic exhibited nearly normal levels of hematological and biochemical parameters. SGPT and SGOT levels were significantly decreased in all treated groups along with garlic. This experiment demonstrates that garlic possesses both protective and curative effects against Pb and Cd toxicity.

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