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Kalpataru
Published by Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 01263099     EISSN : 25500449     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/kpt.
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences
Kalpataru is an open access and peer reviewed scientific publication on the prehistory of Southeast Asia and its surrounding areas with the scope of materials such as culture, humans, and environment during the prehistoric and proto historic periods. The perspectives from cross disciplines other than archaeology, both hard sciences and soft sciences, are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Arkeologi
Articles 143 Documents
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Characteristic of Prehistoric Austronesian Pottery Around Lake Singkarak, Solok, West Sumatra Nenggih Susilowati
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.62

Abstract

The karst environment with forests and lakes has the potential to be a source of water, food, and materials that are important to the human's ideal location for its inhabitants. Pottery shards found in surveys and excavations illustrate that the site became a place to settle with various human activities. This article aims to determine the characteristics of Austronesian pottery remains at the cave and open sites and determine the relationship with maritime culture around Lake Singkarak. The method used is qualitative, analyzing pottery fragments supported by laboratory analysis. The results of the analysis data note that the discovery of geometric patterns and red slips can illustrate the expertise of supporters in beautifying pottery and describe the cultural history and life of the makers.
Holocene Crab Consumption at Watinglo, Papua New Guinea Hendri Asyhari Fajrian Kaharudin
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.94

Abstract

Malacostraca are commonly found in coastal archaeological sites in the Indo-Pacific; both swimming and terrestrial crabs. This archaeological evidence as well as ethnographic studies indicate that they formed an important component of the human diet in the past as they still do in many regions today.  However, they often go unidentified and largely unanalysed in archaeological research due to the highly fragmentary state of the remains and the associated difficulties posed for identification and quantification. Here we discuss these issues and provide an example of crab remains recovered from a coastal archaeological site in Papua New Guinea, Watinglo shelter, with an occupation record spanning from the Terminal Pleistocene to historic times. We also briefly compare these finding to crab remains from archaeological sites of similar antiquity in Indonesia and the Philippines.
Predicting The Locations of Caves and Rock Shelters in Western Part of Aceh Karst Using Geographic Information System Taufiqurrahman Setiawan; Azhari Fitra Nasution
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.115

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a method used in archaeological research to provide information on landscapes and resources on the earth's surface and, combined with phenomena, predict the location of sites. This paper revealed some results of using this method in the case of karst in the western part of Aceh to find the locations of caves and inlets with GIS data sources. Satellite imagery, DEM, Topographic Maps, and Geological Maps, which overlayed with the geological structures, and the lithology of the location of the caves and inlets. The analysis results obtained that there were 26 areas grouped into five clusters of possible locations for caves and rock shelters.
Indonesian Archaeobotanic Research Development Yasmin Lana Amara; Ati Rati Hidayah; Alifah; Fathimatuz Zahro; Adana Presti Ariyanto
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.275

Abstract

The application of archaeobotany has been increasing for the last ten years in Indonesia, especially for studying the prehistoric human occupation. Indonesia has incredible biodiversity in flora, and the application of archaeobotanical methods and techniques is essential for understanding people-plant relationships in the past. It is also able to support and complement archaeological results and interpretations developed from analyses of other types of material culture. This paper examines archaeobotanical research in Indonesia through available published literature. The result demonstrates archaeobotanical analyses strengthen and enhance the interpretations of archaeological data and highlight the biases in the application towards prehistoric sites. Our research suggests that more recent archaeological sites have great potential for the application of archaeobotany. This approach needs to be introduced in the early stages of all project planning and research so that suitable recovery methods can be utilized, and adequate time and finances for analyses are factored in. The availability of facilities, infrastructure, and human resources to analyze archaeobotanical data will bring more opportunities for analyses in this field.
Predictive Modeling of Cave Settlements In Karst Area of Kapuas Basin, West Kalimantan Ni Luh Gde Dyah Mega Hafsari; Vida Pervaya Rusianti Kusmartono; M. Wishnu Wibisono
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.278

Abstract

Starting in the 1970s, the captivating archaeological potency in the tropical rainforest area of West Kalimantan started to be revealed. Since then, several expeditions and research had been conducted by The National Research Center for Archaeology and Archaeology Office in South Kalimantan. One of them was an exploration and excavation led by Vida P.R. Kusmartono from 2013-2019. Previous studies have shown that the area of Upper Kapuas Basin possesses numerous archaeological resources, however, many of the areas remain uncovered. This condition is caused by the extensiveness and difficulty of this area to be reached. For that reason, in 2020, we created a predictive model to give an overview of the probability of archaeological caves in this area. This predictive model uses environmental variables and is based on the hypothesis of the environmental resources variables in choosing cave settlements in the prehistory era. The variables used are the elevation of the valley, the proximity distance from the water source, the steepness of the slope, the direction of the slope, and the lineament density. Analysis of the variable elevation of the valley, proximity distance from the water source, and the steepness of the slope produced a map of accessibility. This map was then integrated with the lineament density variable and considered the direction of the slope to produce a map of potential areas for cave settlements.
Burial System in Karakelang Island, Talaud Regency, North Sulawesi Ipak Fahriani; Vivi Sandra Sari
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.748

Abstract

Karakelang is an island which administratively located in Talaud Islands Regency, North Sulawesi. As one of the migration entrances of immigrants from the north of Indonesia islands, Talaud has become a quite wide area of prehistorical findings site dispersion and various activities that occurred in Talaud that provide the proof of civilization. One of the civilization heritages is burial system. This writing aims to explore the burial system in Karakelang Island in the past by looking at the site dispersion potential of occupancy area. The data were collected through survey and excavation. The research result shows that the collected occupancy sites in Karakelang reflect the burial activities in this area. The dispersion of occupancy site and burial system in Karakelang Island were parts of adaptation system of the people in Karakelang Island. It was mostly influenced by the natural resources that closely related to the developed local culture in Talaud.
Malacofauna from Cappa Lombo Site: Environmental Reconstruction and Subsistence Strategies of The Bontocani Highland Karst Region, South Sulawesi Restu Budi Sulistiyo; Fakhri
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.1045

Abstract

The remains of mollusk shell fragments are ecofacts that can explain the environmental conditions occupied by humans, especially in the context of the Holocene period in Sulawesi. This research answers questions related to the types of mollusks found in the cultural layer and aims to identify malacofauna remains at the Cappa Lombo site, Bontocani, South Sulawesi. The data collection method was carried out through excavation, and the analytical method involved taxonomic identification, external morphological identification, taxonomic classification, and documentation. This study successfully identified 10 families consisting of 15 genera and species. Terrestrial gastropod mollusks consist of the families Alycaeidae, Cyclophoridae, Ariophantidae, Dyakiidae, Clausiliidae, Achatinidae, and Camaenidae. Freshwater gastropods consist of 2 families, namely Pachychilidae and Viviparidae, while the bivalve class is only represented by the Cyrenidae family, which inhabits estuaries. Based on this identification, this research shows that the reconstruction of the environmental conditions around this site indicates a wet rainforest environment, which tends to be covered with vegetation and primary tropical forest. Additionally, during the occupancy period, there was a change in land use around this site. Data on the presence of mollusks also indicate consumption. Although mollusks were not a primary dietary source, humans during the Holocene at this site were able to utilize the aquatic environmental resources around the site they inhabited.
First Experimental Iron Process Based on The Montalat Iron Sites in Central Kalimantan – Indonesia Harry Octavianus Sofian; Hartatik Hartatik; Sunarningsih Sunarningsih; Nugroho Nur Susanto; Gauri Vidya Dhaneswara; Restu Budi Sulistiyo; Agus Karyanantio
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.1078

Abstract

This article is based on an experimental iron furnace from archaeological sites in Central Kalimantan – Indonesia, from July 2019. The iron furnace for the experiment is replicated the original iron furnaces from the latest research found in 2017 in the Benangin and Temelalo sites from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The experiment aims to prove whether the iron furnace can melt metal. From the archaeological experiment we can answer questions about the iron process in Central Kalimantan in the past with the local resource’s laterite and hematite. From archaeological experiments, duplicate iron furnaces can make iron raw materials into melts and extract iron from hematite and laterite raw materials. The results showed that the ancient people in Central Kalimantan were able to make iron from raw materials and process it as iron ingot.
Dental Metric on The Late Holocene to Current Era Population from The Lowland Part of Indonesian-Papua Marlin Tolla; Hirofumi Matsumura; Dominik Bonatz; Kathrin Nägele; Cosimo Posth
KALPATARU Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2023.1082

Abstract

In an attempt to understand human history in this world, the researchers have applied several methods to identify the group of populations based on the teeth trait characteristic. However, the lack of knowledge about human diversity from several regions in this world derived from the osteological study from archaeological context has limited the understanding of human history in many societies including the populations that occupied the lowland part of Indonesian-Papua. For this, the aim of this study is to reconstruct the population history by employing the dental metric measurement on the 304 samples from the archaeological sites in the lowland parts of Indonesian- Papua which are classified into two different groups, Late Holocene and Current Era. The multivariate statistics analysis was applied to compare the results from the Lowland Indonesian- Papua samples with 17 groups of the population included in this study. The results from the statistics measurement were further used to reconstruct and visualize the phylogenic tree by employing The Neighbor-Joining method and UPGMA algorithm. The result from this clustering group presents the data about East Asian affinities for the Late Holocene and Australo Melanesian for the. Current Era group.
Tinggalan Tradisi Megalitik Situs Watugong, Kelurahan Tlogomas, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang: Kajian Bentuk, Fungsi, dan Makna Nabil Naufal Alghifari; Rochtri Agung Bawono; I Ketut Setiawan
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.1663

Abstract

There are remnants of late prehistoric life in the Greater Malang, one of which is located in the Metro  watershed, which stretches from Malang City's west to south. The area was once inhabited during the Megalithic period, as evidenced by the remains of the megalithic tradition along the Metro watershed, which was considered a holy river for its rich natural resources. Watugong Village is a human settlement area that supported the megalithic tradition because it has a cultural heritage site from the end of the  Neolithic era to the arrival of the Hindu-Buddha period. This research aims to determine the form, function, and meaning of the megalithic tradition remains found at Watugong Site. Researchers used descriptive-morphological analysis, accompanied by an analysis of contextual relationships between the megalithic remains on the site and the surrounding environment and findings, then did comparative analysis to compare research object data with other similar research objects, and ethnoarchaeological analysis to find out the meaning of the continuous rituals to preserve the beliefs of their ancestors that are still carried out by the local community. The results obtained were that the archaeological remains at Watugong Site are of a megalithic pattern with a cross-time context at the same time as the Hindu-Buddhist influence began to enter the Watugong Village area, and the tradition of honoring ancestors derived from the megalithic tradition is still carried out today by the local community.

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