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Kalpataru
Published by Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
ISSN : 01263099     EISSN : 25500449     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55981/kpt.
Core Subject : Humanities, Science, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Environmental Science Physics Social Sciences
Kalpataru is an open access and peer reviewed scientific publication on the prehistory of Southeast Asia and its surrounding areas with the scope of materials such as culture, humans, and environment during the prehistoric and proto historic periods. The perspectives from cross disciplines other than archaeology, both hard sciences and soft sciences, are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Arkeologi
Articles 143 Documents
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Prehistoric Human Forensic DNA Analysis From Lore Highlands, Central Sulawesi With Present Day Human DNA Najlaa Illiyyien Hadid; Indra Lesmana; Niken Satuti Nur Handayani; Dwi Yani Yuniawati Umar
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2088

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA(s) are inherited maternally, in other words they can only be inherited through females in a family, which makes them frequently used in forensic studies. In this research, the Hypervariable-I part (HV-1) in the D-Loop region of the ancient forensic samples acquired from Lore Highlands will be compared with present day human DNA from the same region. The steps conducted in this research includes DNA extraction, mtDNA amplification with specific primers, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The analysis were done between 4 ancient forensic samples; A, B, G, and J, and 33 comparison sequences from GenBank, including ancient forensic sample acquired from Tadulako site, Lore Highlands, from previous research. The result of genetic distance analysis showed that the distance between 37 samples were very close; with difference ranging from 0,02% - 0,13%. The analysis also gives a clue about Austronesian relation with Australomelanesian. The result from phylogenetic tree reconstructions (maximum-likelihood and neighbor-joining) showed little differences. However, there is a small significant difference detected from the neighbour-joining tree construction result and will be discussed further in this paper.
Situs-Situs Megalitik di Desa Padangratu, Kecamatan Buay Pematangbiru, Kabupaten OKU Selatan : Tinjauan Bentuk Lahan dan Material Sondang M Siregar; Dio Irawan
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2122

Abstract

The Padangratu area have landforms formed as a result of natural and human activities. Within the Padangratu area, archaeological remains made from various materials are scattered. The problem is the shape of the land and materials in the Padangratu area. The method used is a qualitative method with exploratory and descriptive research types. The results of the research show that in the Padangratu area there are megalithic buildings and artifacts spread across the Jurun, Langkat, Putor, Tanjung and Tanjung Mandak sites. These sites are spread across the plateau at an altitude of 0 to 1000 meters above sea level. Putor, Langkat and Tanjung hamlets are at an altitude of 500 masl to 750 masl, while Jurun Hamlet is at an altitude of 750 masl to 1000 masl. This location is on a very gentle slope (3%-7%) to quite steep (14%-20%), especially in an area where the erosion rate is very low. In the Padangratu area, 47 flat stones, 3 dolmens, 1 stone bracelet, 1 stone mortar were found which were generally made of tuff. Apart from that, stone mortars made of pumice, square axes made of chalcedony, obsidian fragments and clay pottery containers were found. These materials are volcanic materials obtained from the area around Lake Ranau. Apart from that, the Padangratu area is located in the stratifigraphy of the Ranau rock formation which contains tufa, pumice and clay materials.
Etno-Arsitektur Umpak-Umpak Batu Tinggalan Budaya Megalitik Masa Protohistori di Lembah Behoa, Kabupaten Poso, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah Albertus Kriswandhono; Dwi Yani Yuniawati Umar
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2335

Abstract

Several structural stones were discovered during research in 1995 – 2004 in Behoa Valley that, if a line is drawn, would form a rectangular polygon with two types of stone, large and small. In 2013, researchers conducted an ethno-architectural study at three megalithic cultural heritage sites in Hanggira Village. The aim is to find out the function of these structured stones. From the results of the ethno-architecture analysis, these structured stones are umpak foundations from dwellings or residential places (Tambi) or places to store special goods or agricultural products (Buho). There is no absolute chronology in the context of the structured stones in the form of umpak foundations. However, from the age of the site, it is expected that these stone umpak foundations had been used since the beginning of the AD century (early metal period) to the protohistoric period.
Tinggalan Megalitik dan Kubur Tempayan Dataran Tinggi Jambi Tri Marhaeni S. Budisantosa; Sigit Eko Prasetyo
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2518

Abstract

The highlands of Jambi is one of the region of the distribution of Megalithic and urn cemetery culture, then it can be regarded as an archaeological culture area in pre-Islamic. In the region has been found twentyone Megalithics in cylindrical or conical form, and one round shaped. In addition it has also found six urn cemeteries complexes which proved to be associated with Megalithics. Megalithic and urn cemetery in the highlands of Jambi has become the object of research for Archeological Research Center and Development in collaboration with foreign researchers and conducted by the Archeological Research Center and Development and Archaeological Center of Palembang themselves. Archaeological Center of Palembang each year doing research since 2006 with the aim to reveal aspects of past human life such as economy, social, and religious in the local and regional context. The data obtained so far have achieved that goal, although the conclusions can be debated.
Analisis Bahan Gerabah Pada Temuan Hasil Ekskavasi di Kawasan Lembah Behoa Wiji Triningsih; Dwi Yani Yuniawati Umar
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2550

Abstract

The Behoa Valley Area is one of megalithic cultural heritage from the early metal era (paleometallic) and the supporting communities was already familiar with technology of pottery creation. The discovery of pottery fragments dominates each research carried out in this site. This paper aims to understand the source of the pottery materials by comparing modern pottery materials used by the current community around the site. Total of 26 samples were used, consist of 24 pottery fragments sampled from sites in The Behoa Valley area, one pottery fragment sampled from Pangawumbu, and one pottery fragment sampled from craftsman in Doda village. Method of analysis used in this research is chemical element analysis, conducted towards the clay matrix and carried out microscopically using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical element analysis of the clay matrix are used to understand the pottery clusters based on chemical element composition contained in the clay matrix. Pottery clusters then discovered from statistical analysis using Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis methods. Based on the result of the chemical elements analysis, it is revealed that pottery material from the sites in The Behoa Valley area has similarity with pottery material from craftsman around the site.
Menelusuri Ragam Aktivitas Fisik Manusia Pendukung Situs Gilimanuk Bali Berdasarkan Markers Of Occupational Stress Dicky Caesario Wibowo
KALPATARU Vol. 31 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/kpt.2022.2574

Abstract

So far, numerous studies have investigated the Gilimanuk site's archaeological remains. This study seeks to use evidence of occupational stress in human skeletal remains to provide an overview of the physical activities that likely occurred at the Gilimanuk site. A total of 212 long bone samples were examined for markers of occupational stress. These pathological alterations could provide an explanation for certain physical activities. The results suggest that the type of human physical activity observed at the site is not closely related to seafaring activities. These findings are then integrated with other data such as artifacts, ecofacts, and the environmental setting to discuss the interaction of the human occupation of the Gilimanuk site with the surrounding environment.
“Memasyarakatkan” Living Megalithic: Pesona Masa Lalu Yang Tetap Bergema Retno Handini
KALPATARU Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

“Socializing” Living Megalithic: The Charm of the Past that Still Exists. The living megalithic sites and cultures in Indonesia such as Nias, Toraja, Sumba, Sabu, Ngada, and Ende are exotic attractions both from scientific perspective and from the point of view of public attractions as cultural items. The scientific side requires academic explanation about their cultural processes since their initial emergence ± 2,500 years ago up to now. Meanwhile, “socializing” living megalithic culture is due to its charm as the “window to the past,” which is rarely the case with other types of archaeological remains. To see and enjoy living megalithic culture are spectacular from the point of view of cultural tourism, especially the process of building a megalithic structure using simple traditional techniques without modern technology. Such experience will enhance the value of cultural tourism. Therefore living megalithic traditions need to be socialized to the general public. Situs dan budaya megalitik berlanjut (living megalithic) yang ada di Indonesia seperti Nias, Toraja, Sumba, Sabu, Ngada, dan Ende memiliki daya tarik eksotis, baik bagi ilmu pengetahuan maupun untuk dinikmati khalayak ramai sebagai sebuah tampilan budaya. Segi-segi ilmiah tetap menuntut penjelasan akademis tentang proses budaya sejak diperkirakan muncul sebelum Tarikh Masehi hingga mampu bertahan sampai saat ini, sementara “memasyarakatkan” budaya megalitik yang masih hidup merupakan sebuah pesona tersendiri, karena merupakan “window to the past”, yang jarang terjadi pada tinggalan arkeologis. Melihat dan menikmati budaya megalitik yang masih berlanjut adalah sebuah atraksi wisata budaya yang sangat luar biasa, apalagi ketika menyentuh tata cara pendirian bangunan megalitik dengan teknik-teknik sederhananya, saat teknologi modern tidak digunakan. Situasi seperti ini akan memberi nilai wisata budaya yang tinggi, dengan daya tarik tersendiri, sehingga living megalithic perlu dimasyarakatkan.
Humanisme dalam Tradisi Kubur Batu Megalitik di Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur Mikka Wildha Nurrochsyam
KALPATARU Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

Humanism in the Megalithic Stone Burial in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara. The tradition of stone burial in Sumba Island is one of the colossal and exotic cultures owned by the nation of Indonesia. For the people of Sumba, awareness on life after death has spawned a unique and spectacular tradition of megalithic stone burial. This study illustrates two important aspects of cultural dynamics in the tradition of megalithic stone burial, namely internalization and acculturation processes. I will also reveal a fundamental aspect of humanism as a very important role in the dynamics of culture. This study uses qualitative methods, which are depth interviews and observations, supported by library research. The object of this research is stone burial tradition seen from the dynamics of culture to enhance the dignity of its community. Result of this research is useful as an orientation to understand the cultural dynamics of a society, and to view the orientation for the development of more humane culture. Tradisi kubur batu di Sumba merupakan salah satu budaya kolosal yang dimiliki oleh bangsa Indonesia. Bagi masyarakat Sumba, kesadaran tentang hidup sesudah mati telah melahirkan tradisi kubur batu yang unik dan spektakuler. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan dua aspek dinamika budaya dalam tradisi kubur batu megalitik, yaitu proses internalisasi dan akulturasi budaya. Selanjutnya, saya akan memperlihatkan adanya aspek humanisme sebagai dasar penting dalam dinamika budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam serta dukungan studi pustaka. Obyek penelitian adalah tradisi kubur batu megalitik di Sumba yang dilihat menurut sisi dinamika budaya untuk meningkatkan harkat dan martabat masyarakat pendukungnya. Penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai orientasi untuk melihat adanya dinamika kebudayaan dalam masyarakat, dan melihat orientasi bagi perkembangan budaya yang bermartabat.
Candi Panataran: Candi Kerajaan Masa Majapahit Hariani Santiko
KALPATARU Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

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Abstract

Panataran Temple was a state temple of the Majapahit Kingdom, which was built on a piece of land that had the potency to be sacred because there was an inscription, the Palah inscription, from the Kadiri period. The inscription is about devotion to Bhatara ri Palah. Based on a date found within the temple complex, it is assumed that at least the Panataran Temple was functioned since the reigning periods of King Jayanagara until Queen Suhita. During the Majapahit period, the Panataran Temple was a temple dedicated to Paramasiwa, who was known by various names, the highest tattwa in Siwasiddhanta religion. In fact, there is a possibility that a Kadewaguruan (centre of religious teachings) was built around the temple complex, but the exact location is yet to be found. The Panataran Temple was the “spiritual centre” of the Majapahit Kingdom. Candi Panataran adalah candi kerajaan (State Temple) Kerajaan Majapahit, didirikan di sebuah tanah yang berpotensi sakral karena di tempat itu terdapat prasasti Palah dari jaman Kadiri, berisi tentang pemujaan Bhatara ri Palah. Berdasarkan angka tahun yang ditemukan di kompleks candi, setidaknya Candi Panataran dipakai sejak pemerintahan Raja Jayanagara hingga Ratu Suhita. Pada jaman Majapahit, Candi Panataran adalah candi untuk memuja Paramasiwa yang disebut dengan berbagai nama, tattwa tertinggi dalam agama Siwasiddhanta. Bahkan ada kemungkinan sebuah Kadewaguruan (tempat pendidikan agama) dibangun di sekitar kompleks candi, tetapi dimana kepastian letaknya, belum jelas. Candi Panataran adalah “pusat spiritual” kerajaan Majapahit.
Penelitian Puncak-Puncak Peradaban di Pantai Utara Jawa Barat dan Proses Perjalanan Masyarakat Hindu Nanang Saptono
KALPATARU Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012)
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Abstract

One of the Balai Arkeologi Bandung’s research programs in the period of 2000 – 2014 is about the peaks of civilization on the northern coast of West Java. This study diachronically puts emphasis on Proto-historic, Classical, and Islamic communities. Regarding the problems among the Classical communities, this study was based on preliminary data that there was a centre of civilization at Karawang which initial background was Hindu, and later Buddhism also developed. Meanwhile, during previous investigation was obtained data on the existence of Hindu communities in the interior parts of West Java. Based on results of research in 2009 at Karawang Regency and Purwakarta as well as in 2010 at Subang Regency, we came to the conclusion that the Hindu communities that originally lived on the north coast, after being pressured by the Buddhist communities, moved to the interior and eventually managed to build a centre of civilization in the inland of West Java. Salah satu program penelitian Balai Arkeologi Bandung pada periode 2009 – 2014 adalah mengenai puncak-puncak peradaban di pantai utara Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini secara diakronis ditekankan pada masyarakat Protosejarah, masyarakat masa Klasik, dan masyarakat masa Islam. Khusus pada permasalahan masyarakat masa Klasik, penelitian didasarkan pada data awal bahwa di Karawang terdapat pusat peradaban yang mula-mula berlatarkan pada agama Hindu kemudian berkembang pula agama Buddha. Sementara itu pada penelitian sebelumnya telah didapatkan data mengenai keberadaan masyarakat Hindu di pedalaman Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada tahun 2009 di Kabupaten Karawang, dan Purwakarta serta pada 2010 di Kabupaten Subang diperoleh simpulan bahwa masyarakat Hindu yang semula berada di pantai utara, setelah mendapat tekanan dari masyarakat Buddha, mereka melakukan perpindahan ke pedalaman dan akhirnya berhasil membangun pusat peradaban di pedalaman Jawa Barat.

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