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Economic Development Analysis Journal
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 22526560     EISSN : 25022725     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
Focus and Scope Economic Development Analysis Journal is a scientific journal who published by Department of Economic Development, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. this journal published four times per year on February, May, August, and November and start publishing since 2012. The journal scope is related to the research in developing countries such as a development studies, poverty adequate, inequality, unemployment studies, behavioural economics, human development problems and others economics issues. Economics Development Analysis Journal also publish an articles related to the branch of development studies, such as, industry economics, international trade, bank and financial institutions, agriculture economics, financial studies, digital economics, small and medium enterprises, and tourism economics. It also published the study of development policy such as monetary economics, public economics, macro economics, micro economics, and economics policy. Therefore, this journal also received an articles related to spatial studies such as Urban, Regional, Development planning and Rural economics. Base on the scope, Economics Development Analysis Journal welcome a multidicipline articles who related to the economics and development studies.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (semua kategori) - Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 585 Documents
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Pengaruh Tamu Hotel, IHK dan Tenaga Kerja Hotel Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Hotel Kabupaten Semarang Ahmad Wildan
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21926

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh tamu hotel, indeks harga konsumen dan tenaga kerja hotel sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan Pajak Hotel di Kabupaten Semarang. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi dengan metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square) dan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder dari bulan Januari 2013 sampai Desember 2015 yang diperoleh dari Badan Keuangan Daerah dan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Kabupaten Semarang dan Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tamu hotel, indeks harga konsumen dan tenaga kerja hotel secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan pajak hotel Kabupaten Semarang. Tamu hotel dan tenaga kerja hotel berpengaruh positif, sedangkan indeks harga konsumen tidak berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan pajak hotel Kabupaten Semarang. Nilai R-square sebesar 40,97 persen yang berarti variasi penerimaan pajak hotel Kabupaten Semarang dapat dijelaskan ketiga variabel bebas. Bagi Badan Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Semarang disarankan untuk menerapkan e-tax pada pajak hotel untuk memudahkan pengawasan dan pelaporan. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of hotel guests, consumer price index and hotel workforce as factors influencing the acceptance of Hotel Tax in Semarang regency. The analysis tool used is regression analysis with OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method and research using quantitative approach. The data used in this study are secondary data from January 2013 to December 2015 obtained from Badan Keuangan Daerah and Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) of Semarang and Indonesia. The result of the analysis shows that hotel guest, consumer price index and hotel work force together influence to hotel tax revenue of Semarang Regency. Hotel guests and hotel workers have a positive influence, while the consumer price index does not affect the hotel tax revenue Semarang regency. R-square value of 40.97 percent which means the variation of tax revenue of Semarang regency hotel can be explained three independent variables. For the Regional Finance Board of Semarang Regency it is suggested to apply e-tax on hotel tax to facilitate monitoring and reporting.
Strategi Penyerapan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah Siti Salamah
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21927

Abstract

Fenomena penumpukan penyerapan anggaran pada bulan Desember yang menyebabkan ketidakmerataan penyerapan anggaran merupakan salah satu problematika yang dihadapi oleh Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab ketidakmerataan penyerapan APBD serta menentukan strategi penyerapan APBD Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Informan dari penelitian ini terdiri dari 13 keyperson yang terdiri dari unsur akademisi/peneliti dan dinas pemerintah yaitu pihak Badan Pengelola Keuangan dan Aset Daerah Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan pihak Biro Administrasi Pembangunan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan AHP yaitu kriteria pertama adalah faktor regulasi, kedua kriteria faktor perencanaan anggaran, dan ketiga kriteria faktor Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM). Alternatif prioritas program yakni diadakan sosialisasi mengenai mekanisme pencairan anggaran. Selanjutnya yaitu adanya RAB (Rencana Anggaran Biaya), serta adanya kebijakan penyerapan anggaran. The phenomenon of budget absorption in December that caused inequality of budget absorption is one of the problems being experienced by Central Java Province. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors causing inequality absorption of APBD and the speed of absorption of Central Java Provincial Government's APBD. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Informants from this research consists of 13 keyperson consisting of academician/researcher and government institution that is Financial and Asset Management Board of Central Java Province and the Regional Administration Bureau of Central Java Province. The result of research using AHP is first criterion is regulation factor, second criterion of budget planning factor, and resource factor. Alternative program of socialization program on budget disbursement mechanism. Furthermore, the existence of RAB (Budget Plan), and the budget absorption budget..
Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Analysis as Impact of Acfta Towards Indonesian Import Ilham Romadona; Amin Pujiati
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21930

Abstract

This study aim to determined and analyzed the impact of trade creation and diversion of ASEAN China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) on five commodity imports of Indonesian non-oil and gas. This study used a gravity model approach to estimate the flow of trade that occurs and the impact of trade creation and trade diversion. The data used in this study is secondary data, using the method of regression analysis of common effects panel data. The results showed that Indonesia's GDP and exporter countries had a positive and significant impact on Indonesian imports. Distance, population, state boundaries and Regional Trade Agreement Indonesia (RTAI) variables that explain the impact of trade creation and trade diversion significantly influence the import of Indonesian non-oil commodities. The coefficient of determination Adjusted R2 in the range 68%-85% shows the independent variable explains the influence of 68%-85% to the dependent variable, the rest explained other variables outside the model. The impact of ACFTA caused the effect of trade diversion on two non-oil commodities of Indonesia, while the three commodities showed insignificant results. The import of non-oil commodities was transferred from efficient to inefficient producers in ACFTA member countries.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Tenaga Kerja Sarjana untuk Bekerja atau Tidak Bekerja Eka Rochaningrum; Dyah Maya Nihayah
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21931

Abstract

Kota Semarang merupakan salah satu kota yang memiliki posisi yang strategis dalam menentukan kebijakan, tujuan, dan sarana pembangunan serta perekonomian karena berada pada jalur lalu lintas ekonomi pulau Jawa dan merupakan koridor pembangunan Jawa Tengah. Seiring dengan berkembangnya globalisasi Kota Semarang berkembang menjadi kota yang memfokuskan pada perdagangan dan jasa. Namun, Kecamatan Pedurungan memiliki proporsi pengangguran sarjana yang cukup tinggi namun jumlah industri yang ada di Kecamatan tersebut juga tinggi sehingga dijadikan objek penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari 99 responden yang bekerja sebanyak 76 orang dan 23 orang tidak bekerja dan dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi logistik. Variabel dependen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah keputusan tenaga kerja lulusan perguruan tinggi (sarjana) untuk bekerja atau tidak bekerja dan variabel independen berupa upah, umur, status perkawinan, dan jumlah tanggungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara parsial variabel independen berupa upah, status perkawinan, dan jumlah tanggungan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen dan variabel umur tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Nilai prob. LR statistik menunjukkan bahwa secara bersama-sama antara upah, umur, status perkawinan, dan jumlah tanggungan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan penawaran tenaga kerja lulusan sarjana di Kecamatan Pedurungan. Semarang City is one of the city that has a strategic position in determining the policy, goals, and facilities of development and economy because it is on the economic traffic path of Java island and is the corridor of Central Java development. Along with the development of globalization Semarang City developed into a city that focuses on trade and services. However, Pedurungan District has a high proportion of unemployed graduates but the number of industries in the District is also high so that the object of research. This study uses primary data obtained from 99 respondents who work as many as 76 people and 23 people not working and analyzed using logistic regression method. The dependent variable used in this study is the decision of college graduates (undergraduate) to work or not work and independent variable in the form of wages, age, marital status, and the number of dependents. The results showed that partially independent variable in the form of wages, marital status, and the number of dependents have a significant effect on the dependent variable and age variable has no significant effect. Prob value. LR statistics show that jointly between wages, age, marital status, and the number of dependents have a significant effect on labor supply decisions of undergraduate graduates in Pedurungan Sub-district.
Analisis Pola Penyebaran Investasi dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya di Jawa Tengah Ibnu Rizky Briwantara
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21932

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pola penyebaran investasi yang terjadi di Jawa Tengah tahun 2011-2015, mengklasifikasikan daerah yang masih kekurangan investasi, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyebaran investasi di Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Entrophy Theil Indeks, Tipologi Klassen dan Regresi. Hasil penelitian: (1) Pola penyebaran investasi PMDN dan PMA di Provinsi Jawa Tengah menunjukkan pola yang cenderung menyebar. (2) Klasifikasi daerah kekurangan investasi ada 25 Kabupaten/Kota dalam kondisi kekurangan investasi PMA dan 27 Kabupaten/Kota kekurangan investasi PMDN. (3) Faktor yang mempengaruhi penyebaran investasi model PMA yaitu variabel IHK dan UMR dan pada model PMDN, PDRB dan Pajak. Pemerintah harus melakukan kebijakan pro investasi dan dapat menambahkan sektor investasi dan menggunakan pendekatan komprehensif. The purpose of this research is analyse the shifting pattern of spreading investment that occurs in Central Java from 2011-2015. This will also classificate which area that still low on investment in Central Java in 2015. Furthermore, the research will reveal the factors that affect the spreading investment in Central Java. The method for this research is Entrophy Theil Index, Klassen Typology and Regression. The conclusion shows that: (1) the pattern of spreading investment of PMDN and PMA in Central Java shows a spread pattern. (2) the classification of the region with lack of investment is 25 District/City are in lack of PMA investation and 27 District/City are in lack of PMDN investation. (3) the factor that affect the spreading investment of PMA model is CPI and RMW variables. Then, on the PMDN model, variables PDRB and Tax. Therefore, the government is expected to intensify the equity of investment through policies that supports investment and add investment sector and use comprehensively method.
Impact Shock Policy China Exchange Rate (Devaluation of Yuan) to Indonesian Economic Fluctuation Khusnul Azizatunnishak
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21933

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of yuan devaluation policy shocks on Indonesia’s economic fluctuations and the transmission of and the transmission of devaluation policy shocks which is more dominant on transmission mechanism of Mundell-Fleming-Dornbusch (MFD). The method used in this research is Structural Vector Error Correcction (SVEC). The results show that the China’s monetary expansion policy (devaluation of yuan) has a negative and positive impact (mixed effect)on Indonesia’s economics fluctuation, based on the transmission lines that’s affected. The response of macroeconomic variables to structural shock of monetary expansion policy of China (devaluation of yuan) based on model mechanism of MFD with Impulse Response Function (IRF) analysis from SVEC model shows that shocks of China’s current account balance, China’s exchange rate, and China’s imports is responded negatively (recession). While the shocks of China’s exports is responded positively (expansion). Based on the results of Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) analysis, the current account transmission line is the dominant transmission to analyzing the impact of devaluation of yuan on the Indonesia’s economics fluctuation based on the MFD model through the expenditure switching effect, which is led to decline in Indonesia’s output (recession).
Analisis Efisiensi Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (SMAN) di Kabupaten Semarang Mulyati Sri
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21936

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis efisiensi teknis bidang pendidikan di Kabupaten Semarang dengan menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dan asumsi Variabel Return to Scale (VRS). Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel input, yaitu rasio siswa per guru, rasio siswa per pegawai administrasi, rasio pendidikan guru, dan rasio pengalaman guru, untuk variabel outputnya, yaitu rata- rata nilai ujian nasional dan presentase kelulusan. Penelitian memberikan hasil bahwa ada beberapa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri (SMAN) di Kabupaten Semarang yang bisa mencapai tingkat efisiensi, yaitu SMAN 1 Tengaran, dan SMAN 1 Susukan. Beberapa SMAN di Kabupaten Semarang juga belum bisa mencapai tingkat efisiensi, yaitu SMAN 1 Getasan, SMAN 1 Ambarawa, SMAN 1 Bringin, SMAN 1 Bergas, SMAN 1 Suruh, SMAN 1 Pabelan, SMAN 1 Tuntang SMAN 2 Ungaran, dan SMAN 1 Ungaran. Penyebab utama tingkat inefisiensi rasio siswa per guru, rasio siswa per pegawai administrasi, rasio pendidikan guru dan rasio pengalaman guru, dikarenakan kurang meratanya penyebaran guru ke berbagai daerah, khususnya SMAN yang belum bisa mencapai tingkat efisiensi. This research due to analysis the technical efficiency of education in Semarang Regency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and assumption of Variable Return to Scale (VRS). Variables that used in this research are the ratio of students per teachers, the ratio of students per administrative employee, teacher education ratio, and teachers experience ratio, the output variables are the average national exam score, and the percentage of graduation. Result of this research, State Senior High School (SMAN) in Semarang Regency can reach efficiency at level are SMAN 1 Tengaran, and SMAN 1 Susukan. Some SMAN in Semarang regency also can’t achieve efficient at level are SMAN 1 Getasan, SMAN 1 Ambarawa, SMAN 1 Bringin, SMAN 1 Bergas SMAN 1 Suruh, SMAN 1 Pabelan and SMAN 1 Tuntang, SMAN 2 Ungaran, and SMAN 1 Ungaran. The reason inefficiency level of students ratio per teachers, students ratio per administration employee, teachers education ratio and teachers experience ratio, due to uneven distribution of teachers to various regions, especially SMAN can’t reach efficiency at level..
Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pendapatan Pedagang Pasar Juwana Baru di Kabupaten Pati Safaatur Rohmah
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21942

Abstract

Pasar rakyat merupakan salah satu indikator paling nyata kegiatan ekonomi di suatu wilayah. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah berapa Besar pengaruh modal berdagang, lokasi berdagang, jam kerja pedagang terhadap pendapatan pedagang di Pasar Juwana Baru Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh modal berdagang, lokasi berdagang dan jam kerja pedagang terhadap pendapatan pedagang pasar Juwana Baru Kabupaten Pati. Populasi penelitian yaitu pedagang Pasar Juwana Baru Kabupaten Pati sebanyak 1578 pedagang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 94 responden. diambil melalui teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi berganda, uji hipotesis secara parsial (uji t), uji hipotesis secara simultan (uji F) dan koefisien determinasi ganda pada level significance 5%. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi ganda dapat diketahui bahwa modal berdagang, lokasi berdagang, jam kerja pedagang secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi variabel dependen pendapatan pedagang pasar sebesar 87,8%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 12,2% disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor lain. People market is one of the most obvious indicators of economic activity in a region. Problems in this research are how big the influence of trading capital, trade location, hours of merchant's work to the merchant's income in Pasar Juwana Baru Pati Regency. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of trading capital, trade location and hours of merchant work on the income of market traders Juwana Baru Pati regency. The population of this research is traders of Juwana Baru Market in Pati as many as 1578 traders. The samples in this research were 95 respondents taken by using Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. By using multiple regression analysis, partial hypothesis test (t-test), simultaneous hypothesis test (F test) and double determination coefficient at significance level 5%. The result of the test of the coefficient of double determination can be seen that capital, location, hours trading together influence dependent variable of marketer's merchant income equal to 87,8%, while the rest equal to 12,2% caused by other factors.
The Impact of Loan to Value Policy and Macroeconomic Variables Towards the Demand of Housing Loans Sandi Atmaja Siravati
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 7 No 1 (2018): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v7i1.21945

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to know and analyze the effect of credit interest rates, inflation, economic growth, loan to deposit ratio, loan to value to housing loan demand in Central Java. The sample of this study is housing loan demand, credit interest rates, inflation, economic growth, loan to deposit ratio, loan to value. The collect data was analyzed using quantitative method. This study used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the credit interest rates and inflation is negative and significant effect towards housing loan demand in Central Java. Economic growth and loan to deposit ratio of positive and significant effect towards the housing loan in Central Java. Loan to value has no effect towards demand in Central Java.
Pengembangan Marine Ecotourism “Bontang Kuala” Melalui Community Development PT Badak NGL Hermansyah Hermansyah; Busori Sunaryo
Economics Development Analysis Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2016): Economics Development Analysis Journal
Publisher : Economics Development Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/edaj.v5i1.21998

Abstract

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah penyusunan model pengembangan wisata serta penyusunan strategi dalam upaya pengembangan objek wisata Bontang Kuala. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, di mana data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi, deep interview, dan Focus Group Discussion. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model pengembangan desa wisata berbasis marine ecotourism dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pengembangan potensi wilayah. Pengembangan wisata harus didukung oleh masyarakat dan lembaga baik pemerintah maupun swasta. Dari sisi masyarakat, perlu adanya pembentukan kelompok pengurus objek wisata yang fokus melakukan upaya pemeliharaan lingkungan dan pengelolaannya. Dalam melakukan fungsinya, kelompok tersebut harus menyusun struktur organisasi dan membuat inovasi untuk menjual dan memasarkan objek wisata. Adapun support kelembagaan dan kelompok organisasi pengelola harus mencapai tahap branding dan promosi. Evaluasi secara berkala juga harus dilakukan untuk memonitoring manfaat dan kendala yang dihadapi. Beberapa strategi pengembangan Bontang Kuala di antaranya adalah: peningkatan sinergi antara masyarakat, kelompok MASKAPEI, sektor swasta dan pemerintah dalam pengembangan objek wisata; ekspose keindahan di Bontang Kuala pada masyarakat nasional dan internasional; penciptaan sikap masyarakat sadar wisata; penguatan kapasitas pengelolaan wisata; penguatan kerjasama pemerintah dan swasta dalam penyedian infrastruktur; inovasi daur ulang sampah; inovasi di bidang promosi dan pemasaran; peningkatan pendampingan pengembangan objek wisata; pemasaran produk UMKM sebagai cinderamata; konservasi alam, budaya, dan pendidikan lingkungan; sosialisasi pada masyarakat dan wisatawan untuk peningkatan kesadaran merawat lingkungan objek wisata; penciptaan branding Bontang Kuala; inovasi pengolahan limbah; memposisikan masyarakat sebagai subjek bukan hanya objek pengembangan wisata; dan penggunaan bahan bakar ramah lingkungan. This reserch aims to conduct a tourism development model and to arrange a strategy to develop Bontang Kuala tourism spot. The research type is qualitative descriptive, whereas the data that used is primary data and observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion for data collecting. The data analysis that used is descriptive and SWOT analysis. The research result shows tourism development model base on marine ecotourism could be implemented with develop regional potencies. The tourism development should be supported by society, government and private institution. Base on society sides, it is neccessaary to create a group to manage tourism spot that focuses to maintain the environment and manage the institution. In the impelentation, that group should conduct an organizational structure and create an innovation to sell the tourism destination. While the institutional nd organizational support should achieve a branding and promotion program. A periodic evaluation should be applied to see the beneficial and obstacles. Therefore, a development strategy of Bontang Kuala is: an improve synergy between society, MASKAPEI group, private sectors, government to develop tourism spot; explose the beauty of Bontang Kuala of national and international society; create the people awareness of tourism; improve the capacity of tourism management; cooperation between government and private institution in infrastructure sector; trash recycle innovation; promotion and marketing promotion; improve the supervision of tourism spot development; marketing strategy of SME’s product as a souvenirs; nature conservation, culture and environment education; a socialization towards society and tourist to increase the environment awareness; to create a Bontang Kuala branding; waste management management; to placed a society as a subject not an object; and use a biofuel

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