cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Indra Hadi
Contact Email
medikaprimainovasiutama@gmail.com
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
pt.internationalmedicaljournal@gmail.com
Editorial Address
Equity Tower. 49th Floor. Sudirman Street. Special Region of Jakarta, Indonesia
Location
Kota adm. jakarta selatan,
Dki jakarta
INDONESIA
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Published by International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd.
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3048104X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
ims: The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine aims to advance the field of medicine by disseminating high-quality research findings that are accessible to a broad audience of healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers. The journal is committed to supporting the development of medical knowledge and practice in Indonesia and globally, fostering innovative research and evidence-based clinical practices. Scope: The journal covers a wide range of topics within the general medical field, including but not limited to: Clinical studies in various medical disciplines Epidemiological research and public health issues Innovations in diagnostic techniques and treatments Reviews on current practices and emerging trends in medicine Case studies and clinical trials Health policy and medical education The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine welcomes submissions from all areas of medicine, particularly those that have significant implications for patient care, public health, and policy-making. The journal encourages submissions that offer new insights, propose novel approaches, or address challenges pertinent to the Indonesian and international medical communities.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 260 Documents
 22   23   24   25   26 
How Does Anesthesia Type Affect Maternal Complications (Hypotension, Respiratory Depression) and Neonatal Outcomes (Apgar Scores, Umbilical Cord Ph) in Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery? A Systematic Review Wibowo Suryo Pambudi; Bimo Nugroho Sakti; Ilham Ghifari
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/rmwg0d24

Abstract

Introduction: The global rise in cesarean delivery rates necessitates optimization of anesthetic techniques to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite numerous comparative studies, uncertainty persists regarding the optimal anesthesia strategy for cesarean delivery across different clinical contexts. Methods: This systematic review synthesized evidence from 76 studies published, comprising randomized controlled trials, etc. Studies were included if they compared anesthesia types for cesarean delivery and reported maternal outcomes (hypotension, blood loss, respiratory depression) or neonatal outcomes (Apgar scores, umbilical cord blood gases). Data were extracted on study characteristics, patient populations, anesthesia techniques, and outcome measures. Harvard citation style was applied throughout. Results: Regional anesthesia, particularly spinal techniques, was associated with significantly higher 1-minute Apgar scores (mean difference 0.58 points; 95% CI 0.36-0.79; p<0.001) and reduced need for neonatal respiratory support (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.40-0.94; p=0.03) compared to general anesthesia. By 5 minutes, Apgar differences diminished but remained significant (MD 0.09; p<0.001). Umbilical artery pH showed inconsistent differences between techniques, with values generally within normal ranges. Spinal anesthesia was associated with higher hypotension incidence (25-80%) versus epidural (23%) or general anesthesia (2-13%). General anesthesia was associated with increased blood loss (mean difference 75.8 mL), higher transfusion requirements, and greater postoperative pain. Norepinephrine demonstrated superior hemodynamic stability compared to phenylephrine with less bradycardia (RR 0.44). In high-risk populations (preeclampsia, placenta previa, fetal growth restriction), outcomes were predominantly determined by underlying pathology rather than anesthesia technique per se. Conclusion: Regional anesthesia is the preferred technique for most cesarean deliveries due to superior neonatal transition profiles and reduced maternal morbidity. General anesthesia remains essential for specific indications where rapid delivery is required or neuraxial techniques are contraindicated. Optimal outcomes require individualized risk stratification and proactive hemodynamic management.
How Does Telemedicine-Based Postoperative Monitoring Affect Recovery Outcomes and Healthcare Costs for Women Undergoing Gynecological Procedures? : A Systematic Review Melati Ganeza; Yahya Nurlianto; Mutia Juliana
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 39 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/75y50z88

Abstract

Introduction: Postoperative care following gynecological surgery traditionally relies on in-person visits, which impose burdens on patients and healthcare systems. Telemedicine offers a potential alternative, but its impact on recovery outcomes and costs specifically for gynecological procedures requires systematic evaluation. Methods: This systematic review followed structured screening and data extraction procedures. We included randomized controlled trials, etc involving adult women (≥18 years) undergoing routine gynecological procedures. Studies examined telemedicine-based postoperative monitoring (remote technologies, virtual consultations, mobile apps, telehealth platforms) compared to standard care. Outcomes included recovery measures (complications, readmissions, patient satisfaction, quality of life, return to activities) and healthcare costs. Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria for final analysis. Results: Patient satisfaction was noninferior or superior to standard care across 10 studies (Lee et al., 2020; Wherley et al., 2025; Robin et al., 2025). Functional recovery improved significantly with comprehensive eHealth programs combining activity tracking and personalized advice, reducing return-to-normal-activities by 13 days (den Bakker et al., 2023). Simple telephone follow-up showed no benefit on quality of life or pain in enhanced recovery settings (Kassymova et al., 2020; Kassymova et al., 2022). Telemedicine was safe across all studies, with no increased complications or readmissions. Cost-effectiveness was demonstrated for internet-based programs (Bouwsma et al., 2018) and automated low-cost interventions (Sajnani et al., 2020; Robin et al., 2025), while nurse-led telephone models doubled costs without clinical benefit (Kassymova et al., 2025). Discussion: Intervention complexity predicts functional recovery benefits; personalized, interactive eHealth platforms outperform passive monitoring. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) contexts may attenuate marginal benefits of simple telephone follow-up. Satisfaction is universally preserved across all telemedicine modalities. Telemedicine does not increase low-acuity healthcare contacts and may reduce them through structured coaching. Cost-effectiveness depends on mechanism of savings—technology-mediated scalable interventions are superior to staffing-intensive models. Patient age, technological literacy, and psychological factors influence uptake and outcomes. Conclusion: Telemedicine-based postoperative monitoring for gynecological procedures is safe and achieves patient satisfaction equivalent or superior to standard care. Functional recovery benefits require comprehensive, personalized interventions with active patient engagement rather than simple follow-up. Cost-effectiveness favors automated or internet-based programs over labor-intensive telephone models. Future implementation should match intervention complexity to clinical context, target specific care gaps (activity guidance, expectation management), and consider patient digital literacy and psychological needs.
What are The Optimal Surgical Staging Procedures for Fallopian Tube Cancer in Terms of Diagnostic Accuracy, Morbidity, and Long-Term Patient Outcomes? : A Systematic Review Melati Ganeza; Yahya Nurlianto; Mutia Juliana
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 39 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/nsxw3t27

Abstract

Introduction: Primary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC) is a rare gynecologic malignancy that shares clinical and histological features with epithelial ovarian cancer. The optimal surgical staging procedures for PFTC and its precursor, serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), remain incompletely defined due to limited prospective data. Methods: This systematic review synthesized evidence from 16 studies, including RCT, etc. Data were extracted on diagnostic accuracy (upstaging rates), surgical morbidity, long-term outcomes (survival, recurrence), and comparative effectiveness of staging approaches (laparoscopy vs. laparotomy, complete vs. incomplete staging, extraperitoneal vs. transperitoneal lymphadenectomy). Results: For PFTC, comprehensive surgical staging (hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, lymphadenectomy, peritoneal cytology/biopsies) improved 5-year survival from 33.3% to 65.4% (p=0.043) (Yu et al., 2007). Optimal cytoreduction significantly improved survival (68.4% vs. 41.7%, p=0.044) (Yu et al., 2007). Upstaging rates for apparent early-stage adnexal cancers were 23% (Brockbank et al., 2013). For STIC, upstaging varied from 0% in BRCA carriers undergoing risk-reducing surgery (Hoeven et al., 2018) to 43% in incidental STIC in low-risk women (Chay et al., 2015). Minimally invasive staging reduced blood loss, hospital stay, and lymphatic ascites (p<0.05) compared to laparotomy (Nezhat et al., 2010; Pérez-Medina et al., 2015; Kerbage et al., 2020). Extraperitoneal para-aortic lymphadenectomy had fewer intraoperative complications (OR 0.40, p=0.001) but more lymphoceles (OR 4.12) than transperitoneal approach (Li et al., 2021). Discussion: The evidence supports complete surgical staging and optimal cytoreduction for PFTC. For STIC, staging is most clearly indicated when incidentally found in non-BRCA patients. Minimally invasive approaches are preferred due to lower morbidity, provided tumor rupture is avoided. The independent prognostic value of lymphadenectomy remains debated, while omentectomy shows consistent survival benefit. Conclusion: Optimal surgical staging for fallopian tube cancer should include systematic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, peritoneal biopsies, and cytology, aiming for no residual disease. Laparoscopic staging is safe and effective for early-stage and selected advanced cases. STIC management should be individualized based on BRCA status and clinical context.
Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing (SUNCT) sebagai Penyebab Nyeri Orbital Hebat pada Pasien Dewasa: Sebuah Laporan Kasus Komprehensif Ahmad Dalma Haidar; Arda Fatkhul Khoiriyah
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 39 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/42ptkw04

Abstract

Introduction: Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) is an extremely rare trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) characterized by highly frequent, ultra-brief, unilateral headache paroxysms accompanied by prominent ipsilateral cranial parasympathetic symptoms.1 Diagnosing SUNCT is clinically challenging due to substantial overlap with trigeminal neuralgia and other TACs, requiring meticulous evaluation and neuroimaging to exclude secondary structural etiologies.1 Case Illustration: A 47-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of excruciating, strictly right-sided orbital and supraorbital pain.4 The stabbing and burning paroxysms lasted 30-90 seconds, recurring 30-40 times daily, with an intensity of 9-10/10 on the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS).4 Attacks were triggered mechanically by touching the face, washing, or chewing, without any refractory period.4 Ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lakrimation, rhinorrhea, and marked psychomotor agitation consistently accompanied the pain.4 Neurological examination and non-contrast brain CT scan were normal.4 The patient was diagnosed with primary episodic SUNCT.4 A dual oral preventive therapy was immediately initiated with lamotrigine (25 mg/day, titrated up to 100 mg/day) and gabapentin (300 mg three times daily).4 At a 2-week follow-up, the daily attack frequency dramatically dropped to 5-7 times, and pain intensity significantly decreased to NRS 3-4/10, demonstrating excellent tolerability without adverse events.4 Discussion: SUNCT diagnosis relies on the ICHD-3 criteria.8 Pathophysiology involves central disinhibition of the trigemino-autonomic reflex and posterior hypothalamic activation.1 Although lamotrigine is the gold-standard first-line preventive, its mandatory slow titration creates a critical therapeutic gap during acute, high-frequency phases.5 The early addition of gabapentin provided a rapid, synergistic antinociceptive effect through dual-channel blockade of sodium and calcium channels, achieving swift pain control without dose-limiting toxicities.12 Conclusion: Combining lamotrigine and gabapentin represents a highly effective, safe, and easily accessible oral regimen for immediate and sustained control of high-frequency episodic SUNCT in clinical practice.4
Effectiveness of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Related Dry Eye: A Systematic review Ida Ayu Bintang Maui Putri; Anak Agung Avrella Shora Yuananda; Ni Nyoman Adi Widiastuti
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 40 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/a311x607

Abstract

Background: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major contributor to evaporative dry eye disease and is characterized by obstruction of the meibomian gland ducts and altered meibum secretion. These abnormalities disrupt the tear film lipid layer, increase tear evaporation, and contribute to ocular surface inflammation and dry eye symptoms. Intense pulsed light (IPL) has emerged as a procedural treatment for MGD-related dry eye, but existing studies vary in treatment protocols, adjunctive procedures, comparators, and outcome measures. Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intense pulsed light in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, with the final search completed on May 18, 2026. Eligible studies included original human clinical studies evaluating IPL in patients with MGD-related dry eye. Studies assessing IPL alone, IPL combined with meibomian gland expression, IPL combined with low-level light therapy, or comparisons between IPL devices were included. The primary outcomes of interest were dry eye symptoms, tear film stability, meibomian gland function, inflammatory or mechanistic outcomes, and safety. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Because of substantial heterogeneity in study design, treatment protocol, comparator type, and outcome reporting, the findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: The database search identified 660 records. After duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text assessment, 13 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The included studies consisted of randomized controlled trials, randomized paired-eye studies, prospective comparative studies, prospective interventional studies, and mechanistic clinical studies. Overall, IPL was associated with improvement in tear film stability and meibomian gland-related outcomes, including tear breakup time, non-invasive tear breakup time, lipid layer thickness, meibum quality, gland expressibility, and lid margin abnormalities. Patient-reported symptoms also improved in many studies, although symptom outcomes were less consistent across controlled trials than objective tear film and gland-related parameters. Mechanistic studies reported reductions in inflammatory mediators, including IL-17A, IL-6, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-17F, and MMP-9, suggesting a possible anti-inflammatory effect of IPL. Safety findings were generally favorable, with no consistent reports of serious adverse events. Reported adverse effects were mostly mild and transient, including pain, burning sensation, and isolated partial eyelash loss. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that IPL is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment for MGD-related dry eye, particularly for improving tear film stability and meibomian gland function. Symptom improvement is commonly reported but less consistent than objective clinical improvement. Because several studies evaluated IPL in combination with meibomian gland expression or low-level light therapy, the independent effect of IPL should be interpreted cautiously. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized IPL protocols, longer follow-up, consistent outcome measures, and systematic safety reporting are needed.
Efektivitas Intervensi Edukasi dan Program Reminder Berbasis Teori Perubahan Perilaku dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus di Wilayah Kerja Klinik Medika Utama Manggar, Balikpapan Timur Lely Sustantine Totalia; Novendy; Marshell Timotius Handoko
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 40 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/n075vv29

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis yang memerlukan kepatuhan terapi seumur hidup. Rendahnya kepatuhan minum obat masih menjadi masalah signifikan di Klinik Medika Utama Manggar, Balikpapan Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas intervensi edukasi dan program reminder yang dirancang berdasarkan teori perubahan perilaku (Health Belief Model/COM-B/PPSA/Chronic Care Model) dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pasien DM. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan diagnosis komunitas dengan desain pre-test dan post-test pada 30 pasien DM tipe 2 yang terdaftar dalam Program Rujuk Balik (PRB). Intervensi meliputi penyuluhan kesehatan terstruktur (media PowerPoint, leaflet) dan program reminder (kartu pengingat, pesan WhatsApp). Evaluasi menggunakan kuesioner KAP (Knowledge-Attitude-Practice) serta pemetaan determinan perilaku berdasarkan HBM, COM-B, PPSA, dan CCM. Hasil: Terjadi peningkatan rata-rata skor pengetahuan dari 76,53±11,42 menjadi 88,97±7,36 (peningkatan 12,44 poin; 96,7% peserta mengalami peningkatan). Pada aspek kepatuhan, terjadi peningkatan pengambilan obat PRB dan pemeriksaan HbA1c. Analisis HBM menunjukkan persepsi hambatan (lupa 33,3%, jarak 25%) sebagai determinan utama. Analisis COM-B mengidentifikasi kesenjangan pada opportunity (akses, reminder) dan motivasi otomatis (kebosanan, persepsi sehat). Analisis PPSA menunjukkan faktor pemungkin (enabling) sebagai prioritas intervensi. Evaluasi CCM mengkonfirmasi perlunya transformasi sistem layanan proaktif. Diskusi: Peningkatan pengetahuan signifikan mendukung HBM bahwa isyarat bertindak (cue to action) memperkuat persepsi manfaat. Program reminder mengatasi hambatan lupa dalam kerangka COM-B. Kesenjangan knowledge-practice (80% vs 67,8%) dijelaskan oleh PPSA bahwa faktor pemungkin tidak kalah penting dari faktor predisposisi. Chronic Care Model memberikan kerangka sistemik untuk keberlanjutan. Kesimpulan: Intervensi edukasi dan program reminder berbasis teori perubahan perilaku efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kepatuhan minum obat pasien DM. Pendekatan multi-teori direkomendasikan untuk pengelolaan penyakit kronis di pelayanan primer.
The Comprehensive Systematic Review of Neuroprotection with Hypothermia in Traumatic Brain Injury Ayub Quisa; Zakiul Ifkar Hamsi; Frederich Gabriel Xaverius Butar butar; Herfandi Dimas Anugrah
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 40 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/kw23ce76

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Therapeutic hypothermia has been proposed as a neuroprotective strategy for decades, yet clinical trials have yielded conflicting results. Methods: This systematic review comprehensively analyzed 80 studies including randomized controlled trials, etc examining hypothermia for neuroprotection in TBI patients. Outcomes included functional neurological status (Glasgow Outcome Scale), mortality, intracranial pressure, biomarkers, and safety events. Results: Four major high-quality multicenter RCTs (POLAR n=511, Eurotherm3235 n=387, Hutchison et al. n=225, NABIS:H II n=232) demonstrated no benefit with hypothermia. POLAR showed no difference in favorable outcome (48.8% vs 49.1%; RR 0.99; P=0.94). Eurotherm3235 demonstrated harm (adjusted OR 1.53; P=0.04). However, significant positive signals emerged in specific subgroups: young patients (≤50 years) with evacuated mass lesions (77.8% favorable vs 33.3%; P=0.015) (15); acute subdural hematoma patients (75.0% vs 36.4%; P=0.045) (16); patients with initial ICP ≥30 mmHg (60.82% vs 42.71%; OR 1.861; P=0.039) (17); metabolic-targeted hypothermia (mortality 15.91% vs 34.09%; P=0.049) (25); pre-hospital initiation (65.1% vs 37.2%; P<0.05) (37); direct brain cooling (63.2% vs 15.4% good outcome; P=0.007) (55); and elderly patients (mortality 13.89% vs 30.56%; P=0.047) (13). Biomarker studies consistently demonstrated reduced NSE, S-100B, and oxidative stress markers with hypothermia (1-3,78). Discussion: The fundamental contradiction between large negative trials and numerous smaller positive Chinese single-center studies reflects critical differences in patient selection, injury subtypes, and cooling protocols. Diffuse injury may be harmed while focal evacuated lesions benefit. Conclusion: Prophylactic hypothermia for unselected severe TBI is not recommended. However, significant positive evidence supports hypothermia in young patients with evacuated mass lesions, acute SDH, refractory ICP ≥30 mmHg, and with metabolic-targeted or direct brain cooling approaches.
The Comprehensive Systematic Review of Platelet-rich Plasma Injections for Chronic Plantar Fascilitis Ayub Quisa; Zakiul Ifkar Hamsi; Frederich Gabriel Xaverius Butar Butar; Herfandi Dimas Anugrah
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 40 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/53r06d76

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic plantar fasciitis (PF) often fails conservative treatment. Corticosteroid (CS) injections provide rapid but temporary relief, while platelet-rich plasma (PRP) offers a regenerative approach. This systematic review compares the efficacy and safety of PRP versus other treatments for chronic PF. Methods: We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials comparing PRP injections to any control for chronic PF (symptoms ≥3 months). Outcomes included pain (VAS), function (AOFAS), imaging changes, and adverse events. Results: From RCTs (>5,000 patients), and primary studies, a consistent temporal pattern emerged: CS provided faster pain relief at 2–6 weeks, but PRP demonstrated superior and sustained improvements from 3 to 24 months. Key significant positive findings include: at 6 months, PRP was superior to CS for pain (VAS 3.71 vs. 5.40, p<0.0001) (26) and at 24 months for function (AOFAS 92 vs. 56, p=0.001) (4). Meta-analyses confirmed PRP superiority at 3 and 6 months (p=0.01–0.02) (11). PRP produced greater plantar fascia thickness reduction (3.53 vs. 4.58 mm, p<0.001) (45). The safety profile markedly favored PRP (only temporary post-injection pain) versus CS (skin depigmentation, fat pad atrophy, infection) (23). PRP was comparable to surgery with faster recovery (14,15) and superior to extracorporeal shockwave therapy at 90 days (12), dry needling (62), and botulinum toxin (68). Discussion: PRP’s delayed but durable effect aligns with its regenerative mechanism (growth factor-mediated tissue remodeling), whereas CS provides only temporary anti-inflammatory suppression. Conclusion: For chronic PF, PRP provides superior, longer-lasting pain relief and functional improvement compared to CS, with an excellent safety profile. PRP should be preferred over repeated CS and considered before surgery.
Effectiveness of Oil-Based Facial Cleansers (Oil Cleansing) for Acne-Prone Skin : A Systematic Review Auliani Deby Veronica; Deriel Elka Hidayat
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 40 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/8srct432

Abstract

Introduction: Oil cleansing is a popular skincare practice for acne-prone skin, yet the clinical efficacy of oil-based formulations remains unclear due to heterogeneous evidence. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of topical oil-containing products on acne outcomes. Methods: A systematic search was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Human clinical studies evaluating oil or essential oil-containing topical formulations for acne vulgaris with at least 2 weeks duration were included. Primary outcomes were lesion count reduction, acne severity scores, and inflammatory markers. Results: The double-blind RCT by Infante et al. (2023) demonstrated that tea tree oil nanoemulsion significantly reduced comedone count (p<0.001) and improved follicular hyperkeratinization. Da Silva et al. (2012) reported copaiba essential oil gel significantly decreased acne-affected surface area (r²=0.695, p=0.000). Mazzarello et al. (2020) showed myrtus and origanum essential oils combined with tretinoin reduced erythema superior to clindamycin-tretinoin (p=0.0329). Meier et al. (2012) found jojoba oil clay mask achieved 54% total lesion reduction (p<0.05 for all lesion types). Kim et al. (2018) reported myrtle essential oil regimen reduced acne grade from 1.8 to 0.9 (p=0.001). Nong et al. (2023) demonstrated bakuchiol-containing regimen reduced total facial lesions by 25.2% (p<0.05). Secondary outcomes included significant sebum reduction and improved hydration. Safety was favorable with minimal irritation. Discussion: The most robust evidence supports tea tree oil nanoemulsion, copaiba oil, and myrtle essential oil. Formulation delivery system critically determines efficacy. Study quality varies; placebo-controlled RCTs show significant but modest effects. No evidence exists for pure oil cleansing method. Conclusion: Oil-containing formulations, particularly with tea tree, copaiba, or myrtle oils in optimized vehicles, demonstrate significant efficacy for mild-to-moderate acne. Advanced delivery systems enhance outcomes. Pure oil cleansing lacks evidence.
Management Essential Hypertension in Elderly Patients at Primary Health Centers : A Systematic Review Anisa Septa Rini
The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 41 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/wt2xkm17

Abstract

Introduction: Managing essential hypertension in elderly patients (≥65 years) in primary care is challenging due to multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and limited evidence on optimal strategies. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of various management interventions. Methods: We screened 80 included sources (RCTs, etc) from primary care settings. Interventions included pharmacological strategies, deprescribing, pharmaceutical care, digital health (telemonitoring, mHealth), community-based programs, educational/behavioral models, and complementary therapies. Primary outcomes were blood pressure (BP) reduction and control rates; secondary outcomes included medication adherence and safety. Results: Significant positive findings include: (1) Pharmacological: ACP/AAFP guideline showed SBP <150 mmHg reduces stroke (RR 0.77) and cardiac events (RR 0.83) (1). HYVET trial in ≥80 years reduced total mortality (HR 0.48) (2). (2) Deprescribing: OPTIMISE trial demonstrated non-inferiority of medication reduction, maintaining SBP <150 mmHg in 86.4% (3). (3) Pharmaceutical care: 36-month program achieved SBP reduction -23.0 mmHg (11). (4) Community KAP model improved BP control from 20.4% to 74.4% (25). (5) Digital interventions: telemonitoring increased control to 71.3% vs 49.8% (12); WeChat-based intervention reduced SBP -7.36 mmHg (56). (6) Physical activity: walking interventions reduced SBP by -7.0 to -8.7 mmHg (5,6). (7) Complementary therapies in Indonesian studies: self-acupressure (-18.05 mmHg) (20), back massage (-15.5 mmHg) (29), DASH diet education (-18.5 mmHg) (23). Medication adherence improved significantly with pharmacist-led programs (96.9% adherence) (9) and peer education (MMAS-8 7.33±0.41) (76). Discussion: Heterogeneity is explained by population stratification, intervention intensity, and study design. Intensive treatment benefits frail elderly, while deprescribing is safe in well-controlled patients. Technology works best with active feedback. Conclusion: Multifaceted, team-based interventions (pharmacist-led, community health worker-delivered, with telemonitoring feedback) produce significant, sustained BP reduction and adherence improvement in elderly primary care patients.

Page 25 of 26 | Total Record : 260

 22   23   24   25   26 

Filter by Year

2024 2026


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol. 42 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 41 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 40 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 39 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 38 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 35 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 34 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 33 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 32 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 31 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 30 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 29 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 20 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 19 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 18 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 17 No. 4 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 15 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 15 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 5 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 7 No. 4 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 2 No. 8 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 2 No. 7 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 2 No. 6 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 2 No. 5 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 1 No. 8 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 1 No. 7 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 1 No. 6 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 1 No. 5 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of General Medicine Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024) More Issue