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ITB Journal, Gedung CRCS ITB Lantai 6 Jalan Ganesa No. 10 40132 Bandung - Indonesia
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INDONESIA
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
ISSN : 23385502     EISSN : 23375779     DOI : 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci
Core Subject : Engineering,
ournal of Engineering and Technological Sciences welcomes full research articles in: General Engineering Earth-Surface Processes Materials Science Environmental Science Mechanical Engineering Chemical Engineering Civil and Structural Engineering Authors are invited to submit articles that have not been published previously and are not under consideration elsewhere.
Articles 132 Documents
The Behavior of Glued-in Threaded Steel Rod Joints in Bangkirai Timber Beams under Flexural Loading: Experimental and Numerical Investigations Awaludin, Ali; Akbar, Miqdad Khosyi
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 58 No. 1 (2026): February 2026 (In Progress)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2026.58.1.5

Abstract

This study investigated flexural performance of Bangkirai timber beams jointed with glued-in threaded steel rods using epoxy-resin adhesive through experimental test and numerical analysis. Six beam specimens were tested under four-point bending with varying rod diameters, anchorage lengths, and beam widths: GIR B.65.16.17 (65 mm width, 16 mm rod, 170 mm anchorage), GIR B.65.12.25 (65 mm width, 12 mm rod, 250 mm anchorage), and GIR B.110.12.25 (110 mm width, 12 mm rod, 250 mm anchorage). The results showed that anchorage length significantly influenced moment capacity and stiffness of the beams. The highest average moment capacity was in GIR B.110.12.25 at 20.08 kNm due to its larger cross-section, while GIR B.65.12.25 showed a 58% higher moment capacity (16.57 kNm) than GIR B.65.16.17 (10.48 kNm). Elastic stiffness values were 538.60 kNm2, 809.44 kNm2, and 948.01 kNm2 in GIR B.65.16.17, GIR B.65.12.25, and GIR B.110.12.25, respectively, with longer anchorage lengths enhancing stiffness. The primary failure mechanism was epoxy-resin bond failure, leading to beam separation, while pull-out failure of steel rods was observed in some cases, particularly in specimens with shorter anchorage lengths. A 3-D nonlinear FEA was developed to validate experimental results. Differences between experimental and FEA results were within acceptable ranges, including 0.6-14.6% for elastic stiffness and 8.1-13.7% for moment capacity. Load-displacement curves obtained from the FEA correlated well with the experimental results, although the model slightly overestimated moment capacity due to the assumption of perfect bonding. These results provided insights for optimizing glued-in rod timber joints in structural applications.
Comparative Study of the Single and Double-Stage Thermochemical Pretreatment of Gracilaria sp. for Biogas Feedstock Prastyo, Elli; Cahyono, Rochim Bakti; Marbelia, Lisendra; Budhijanto, Wiratni
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 58 No. 1 (2026): February 2026 (In Progress)
Publisher : Directorate for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2026.58.1.6

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of single-stage thermochemical pretreatment using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and a double-stage pretreatment combining NaOH and hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the production of reducing sugars and total phenolic compounds (TPC). The influence of pretreatment duration (30–120 minutes) and solvent concentration (NaOH: 0.2–1 N; HCl: 0.05–0.4 N) at 100 °C was systematically investigated. The results showed that the double-stage pretreatment led to a higher yield of reducing sugars while maintaining relatively low TPC levels. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that, in the single-stage pretreatment, NaOH concentration had a more pronounced effect than treatment duration. Conversely, in the double-stage pretreatment, duration had a greater influence than HCl concentration. Overall, the double-stage pretreatment, involving NaOH-induced delignification followed by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, offers a promising strategy for the efficient conversion of macroalgae into reducing sugars while minimizing phenolic compound accumulation.