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Properties Of Carbon Black From Jatropha Seed Shell As A Potential Source Of Filler Enhancement In Biocomposites N. A. Sri Aprilia; H. P. S. Abdul Khalil; Md Nazrul Islam; Amri Amin
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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The use of biomass as filler in biocomposites are becoming widespread in the present decade because its variety of advantages. Jatropha (jatropha curcas L) seed shell after separated from kernel can be used to produce carbon black because of its higher carbon content, and have the potentiality to use as reinforcement in composites. In this study, carbon black was produced from jatropha seed shell by carbonization in furnace method for 1 hour at 600oC. Thermogravimetric analysis to analyze seed shell of jatropha as raw material. The morphological properties of the carbon black were analyzed by elemental analysis by X-ray (EDX), SEM, TEM, XRD, SEM, and TEM. It was found that the yield of carbon black was 40% which included 4 different sizes ranging from 70 – 300 mesh in distribution of particle size analysis. Carbon black suggested that it could be a good filler or reinforcement in biocomposites.

Biopolymer From Starch And Chitosan As Bioplastic Material For Food Packaging Umi Fathanah; Mirna Rahman Lubis; Ryan Moulana
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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This research aims to improve economic value of cassava peel waste as raw material of bioplastic making, whose existence is still very abundant and has not been benefitted optimally. Bioplastic making is conducted by mixing starch and chitosan with gliserol as plasticizer. Bioplastic making is carried out at gelatinization temperature of 80oC. Chitosan addition is carried out at variatios of 0; 10; 20; 30; and 40 (% w). Research result indicates that mechanical property i.e. optimum value of tensile strength is obtained at value of 38.25 MPa with chitosan addition as much of 30%. The highest elongation percentage is obtained as much of 41.25% with addition of 10% chitosan. Physical property of resulted bioplastic is obtained from the best swelling test at addition of 40% chitosan i.e. 0.38%, and bioplastic density obtained is ranged from 2 – 3.33 g/ml. Analysis of functional group by using FTIR exhibits the existence of ester and carbonyl groups that indicates that resulted bioplastic could be degraded. Whereas biodegradability test on environment exhibits that bioplastic could be completely degraded in soil for 24 days.

Effect of Static extraction time on Extraction Efficiencies using On-line Supercritical Fluid Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography for Lipoquinone Analysis in Activated Sludge Ni Luh G. R. Juliasih; Lee Chang Yuan; Yoichi Atsuta; Hirotsugu Kamahara; Hiroyuki Daimon
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Analysis of microbial community is important for monitoring the performance of biological processes. One of the most simple, quantitative and high reproducible method for analysis of the microbial community is lipoquinone profile method. Lipoquinone is constituent of bacterial plasma membrane that is essential for electron transporter. Lipoquinone could be used as a biomarker to analyze the microbial community because in general one species or genus of bacteria has one dominant type of lipoquinone, thus any changes in the lipoquinone profile would reflect the changes in the microbial community. The method for lipoquinone determination in environmental sample is direct extraction using organic solvent and analysis using chromatography system. Since the method is tedious and uses a large amount of organic solvent, the on-line supercritical fluid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (on-line SFE-HPLC) has been developed to simplify the method, and was successful determine lipoquinone compounds in activated sludges. The effect of static extraction time on extraction efficiencies of the lipoquinone was investigated in order to eliminate the water pump and methanol pump in the previous system. The CO2 was used as an extraction solvent. The 0.1 g of freeze dried activated sludge was placed into a 1 mL stainless steel extraction vessel and methanol was spiked into the sludge as a modifier. The SFE was connected to HPLC by using trapping column as an interface for collecting lipoquinone extracted from the sludge. The static extraction time was conducted by allowed the matrix to immersed in CO2 and methanol. When the static extraction time finished, the dynamic extraction time was carried out. The extracted and trapped lipoquinone then directly transferred to HPLC system for determination. In this study, the effect of static, dynamic extraction time and volume of spiked methanol were optimized using simplified on-line SFEHPLC for lipoquinone analysis. The best results in terms of extraction yield were obtained at 25 MPa, 45°C, 10 min static extraction time with 500 µL methanol spiked, and 25 min dynamic extraction time with 0.9 mL min-1 CO2 flow rate. It was concluded that the developed method could simplify the online SFE-HPLC system of lipoquinone determination which is useful for a rapid and routine analysis of microbial community in activated sludge.

Use of G3-DHS Bioreactor for Secondary Treatment of Septic Tank Desludging Wastewater . Faisal; Izarul Machdar; Syaifullah Muhammad; Takashi Onodera; Kazuaki Syutsubo
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Study was done for the use of the third-generation of downflow hanging sponge (G3-DHS) bioreactor for secondary treatment of septic tank desludging wastewater. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prospective system of G3-DHS bioreactor to be applied in Indonesia. During experiment, the G3-DHS bioreactor kept a relatively high dissolved oxygen concentration under natural aeration. At a relatively short hydraulic retention (HRT) of 3 h, the G3-DHS bioreactor could remove up to 21% (SD = 15%) of total COD, 21% (SD = 7%) of filtered-COD, 58% (SD = 24%) of unfiltered-BOD, and 33% (SD = 24%) of ammonium removal. The final effluent had an unfiltered-BOD of only 46 mg/L (SD = 20 mg/L) that it was below the Indonesian standard (unfiltered-BOD = 100 mg/L) for thresholds of domestic wastewater treatment plants effluent.

Adsorption of Pb (II) Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Modified Rice Husk as Adsorbent Farid Mulana; Abrar Muslim; Pocut Nurul Alam; . Mariana
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Pb (II) heavy metal from wastewater as by-product of industrial activity often causes problem to environment. In order to minimize the amount of Pb (II), wastewater was treated in various ways, including adsorption process using adsorbent. Rice husks that containing lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are one of potential candidates to be utilized as adsorbent. The purpose of this research is to modify rice husk by using sodium hydroxide and citric acid and to know adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency of modified rice husk adsorbent on Pb (II) metal uptake from wastewater. To identify substituted groups, analysis samples by using Fourier Transform Infrared was performed and to determine adsorbed amount of Pb (II) into adsorbent an Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy Method was conducted. The result showed that optimum adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency was 5.08 mg/g and 84.52%, respectively. These results were obtained on 60 ppm of Pb (II) adsorbate concentration and 0.8 M citric acid concentration for 150 minutes of contact time

Development of simple and cost-effective treatment system for municipal wastewater Takashi Onodera; Kazuaki Syutsubo
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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This study developed an alternative municipal sewage treatment system based on the pilot- and full-scale experiments. This proposed system consisting of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and trickling filter using a polyurethane sponge as packing material. This aerobic process was originally developed and named as a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS). DHS reactors accomplished high process performance during pilot- and full-scale experiments in Japan and other countries. The effluent quality of the DHS reactors was comparable to that of activated sludge systems. Moreover, advantages of DHS reactors include simple operation and maintenance (OM), no required oxygen supply, small land requirement, and less excess sludge production. Indeed, the estimated energy requirement and excess sludge production of UASB and DHS systems were found to be approximately 75 and 85 % lower than those of conventional activated sludge systems, respectively. The high process performance can be attributed to the fact that the DHS reactor maintains much of the sludge in the reactor at concentrations 5–10 times higher than activated sludge. This indicates that DHS reactors have the potential for use as reliable, affordable, and efficient treatment systems, and can be used widely including developing countries.

Simulation of Continuous Bio-Reactor Rudy Agustriyanto
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Dynamic study of bioprocess system plays a central role in bioprocess control. It is in fact on the basis of the time required for the development of the knowledge process that the total design, analysis and implementation of monitoring and control methods are carried out. Within the framework of bioprocesses, the most natural way to determine the models that will enable the characterization of the process dynamics is to consider the material balance of major components of the process. This article will present simulation results of continuous bio-reactor. The mathematical models for the bio-reactor based on the material balance had been derived (Riggs and Karim, 2006) and would be adopted in this study. Those model were solved and simulated using Matlab. It is found that the dynamic responses of the bio-reactor due to a step change in feedrate are first order.

Pyrolisis Temperature Effect to the Biochar Product from Chocolate’s Fruit Skin (Theobroma cacao L.) Abdul Gani Haji; Ibnu Khaldun; . Habibati; Muhammad Nazar; Eka Safrina
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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This research’s aim is to find out the effect of pyrolisis temperature to the biochar product from chocolate’s rind. The sample of rind of 20 kg is come from Indrapuri, Great Aceh. The water level of the sample is determined and then it was pyrolised with pyrolisator at the temperatures of 300, 400, and 500oC. The biochar gotten is then measured its rendemen and characterized which comprised of flying substance level, ash, bonded carbon, nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, and then the chemical substances were identified by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS). Pyrolisis product of biochars at the temperatures of 300, 400, and 500oC were gained rendemen of 8.98; 8.45, and 8.35% (w/w) in a row. These biochars have physical appearance of black with brittle texture. It were gained biochars’s characteristic product of water level at 3.93% (300oC), 2.43% (400oC), and 1.50% (500oC) respectively; flying substance level at 47.13% (300oC), 29.58% (400oC) and 25.48% (500oC); ash level at15.70% (300oC), 17.14% (400oC), and 18.02% (500oC), bonded carbon at 37.16% (300oC), 53.37% (400oC), and 56.32% (500oC). The highest level of nitrogen (3.51%) is gained with biochar’s pyrolisis product at the temperature 300oC, meanwhile for the 500 dan 400oC, their nitrogen level are 1.29 and 0.86%. Phosphor level at biochar’s pyrolisis product at the temperature of 300, 400 and 500oC in a row are 0.90; 0.43; 1.39% and potassium level at this biochar are 3.34,4.73, and 4.41% consecutively. GCMS analysis result to the biochar’s pyrolisis product at the temperature of 300oC was identified 40 compounds with their main contents is 4-beta-5-dihydroneronin (22.02%), whereas at the temperatures of 400 dan 500oC respective are identified of 11 and 23 compounds, however their main contents is oleat acid with the level of 62.47 dan 49.84% in a row. It can be concluded that biochar’s characteristics of chocolate’s rind is determined by pyrolisis temperature.

Characteristic and Performance Tests of Membrane PES in Biodiesel Purification by using Ultrafiltration Process Sri Mulyati; Fachrul Razi; . Zuhra; Erna Oktari; . Syawaliah
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were prepared via phase inversion method. The effect of polymer concentration on the morphology of the fabricated membranes were studied. Furthermore, the effect of transmembrane pressure (TMP)was also studied on the filtration performance of biodiesel purification. The morphology of fabricated PES membrane was analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicated that the PES membranes had skin layer on the membrane surface and pores layer on the bottom surface. The permeability coefficient (Lp) of PES membranes were about 21-40 L/m2.h. The Molecular Weight Cut Off (MWCO) test shows that the rejection of dextran solution with the molecular weight 18,8Kda was above 90%. The water contact angle of PES membranes was measured to know the hydrophilicity of PES membrane. The water contact angle was about 73oconfirmed that the PES membrane was hydrophobic. The increasing ofTrans-membrane Pressure (TMP) had a significant effect on the permeability of membrane which isthe permeability of biodiesel increases by increasing the TMP. The maximum of flux was obtained about 110 ml/sec

Measurement of cement’s particle size distribution by the buoyancy weighing-bar method Rondang Tambun Tambun; Nofriko Pratama; . Ely; Farida Hanum
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Engineering
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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One of the important characteristics of cement quality is particle size distribution. There are several simple methods to measure the particle size distribution of cement based on the Stokes diameter, like Andreasen pipette method, sedimentation balance method, centrifugal sedimentation method, etc. A major disadvantages of these methods are they are time consuming process and require special skills. Particle size distribution also can be analyzed by using a different principle through microscopy, laser diffraction/scattering methods and Coulter counter method. Even these methods produce highly accurate results within a shorter time, however, the equipments are expensive. In the present study, it has developed a new method to overcome the problem. The method is the buoyancy weighing-bar method. This method is a simple and cost-effective. The principle of the buoyancy weighing-bar method that the density change in a suspension due to particle migration is measured by weighing buoyancy against a weighing– bar hung in the suspension, and the particle size distribution is calculated using the length of the weighing-bar and the time–course change in the the apparent mass of the weighing–bar. This apparatus consists of an analytical balance with a hook for underfloor weighing, and a weighing–bar, which is used to detect the density change in suspension. The result obtained show that the buoyancy weighing–bar method is suitable for measuring the particle size distribution of cement, and the result is comparable to that of determined by settling balance method.

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Contact Name
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Contact Email
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Phone
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Journal Mail Official
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Editorial Address
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Location
Kab. aceh besar,

Aceh

INDONESIA