Edutechnium Journal of Educational Technology is a primary source for academics and professionals in the fields of digital educational and training technology throughout the world. This Journal receives and publishes articles about theoretical perspectives, methodological developments and high quality empirical research that demonstrate whether and how applications of instructional/educational technology systems, networks, tools and resources lead to improvements in formal and non-formal education at all levels, from early years through to higher, technical and vocational education, professional development and corporate training. Edutechnium Journal of Educational Technology does not publish purely descriptive papers or those that simply present learners, teachers and other users opinions on methods, materials or technologies. Papers are selected for publication based on the rigour of the research and its potential to make a substantive and original contribution to the field, with explicit reference to international significance.