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INDONESIA
Jurnal Wasian
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
ISSN : 23559969     EISSN : 25025198     DOI : doi.org/10.62142
Core Subject : Science, Education, Social,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Physics Other
The Wasian Journal dedicates itself to advancing scientific research that significantly contributes to the conservation of natural resources and the sustainable transformation of landscapes. Our goal is to support the long-term ecological balance and resilience of forests and land. We are committed to publishing cutting-edge research that is innovative and open to rigorous scholarly debate, maintaining the highest standards of quality.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Kehutanan
Articles 131 Documents
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Will Indonesia's Forests Survive Development Pressure? Machine Learning Predictions for Energy-Critical Tropical Watersheds Utami A, Widyanti; Irlan, Irlan; Syahrir, Nur Hilal A; Rosmaeni, Rosmaeni
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 12 No. 01 (2025): June
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/hjs6a555

Abstract

Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes play an important role in influencing the hydrological conditions of a watershed. The conversion of land such as forests, shrubs and grasslands into agricultural land can disrupt the hydrological balance of the watershed. The availability of information related to LULC dynamics in the future is needed to assist sustainable watershed management planning. Machine learning technology, such as Cellular Automata, can provide accurate predicting. The objective of this research is to simulate LULC based on machine learning in the Mamasa Sub-watershed. Two model combinations were employed to simulate LULC: Artificial Neural Network-Cellular Automata (ANN-CA) and Logistic Regression-Cellular Automata (LR-CA). The research results found that the ANN-CA model achieved percent of correctness and overall kappa of 83.6745 and 0.75412, respectively, which were higher than those of the LR-CA model (82.3498 and 0.73361). The prediction results of both model combinations still fall below the actual LULC values, especially in the case of large LULC classes such as forests, range-shrub, rice, and pasture. Conversely, higher accuracy is observed for smaller classes such as wetlands-forested, orchard, residential, and oak. However, it should be noted that this research did not include several socio-economic variables, such as population and income level, which are considered to influence changes in LULC. Future research is expected to analyse the influence of each variable and include some socio-economic variables that may have a significant influence on LULC change.
When Strong Institutions Meet Weak Economies: Lessons from Ecotourism Sustainability in Lombuyan Wildlife Sanctuary, Central Sulawesi Lalu, Andika; Ramlah, Sitti; Reinaldi, Reinaldi; lalu, andika lalu
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): December
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/tx2yq047

Abstract

Ecotourism in conservation areas has significant potential to enhance local livelihoods while supporting ecosystem protection. Sustainability, however, strongly depends on institutional capacity. This study assesses the sustainability status of ecotourism in the Lombuyan Wildlife Sanctuary (KSM Lombuyan), Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, by integrating ecological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions using the Rap_Ecotourism method, a multidisciplinary rapid appraisal adapted from the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach. Data were collected from October to December 2024 through interviews, ground checks, observations and documentation. The analysis results indicate that the overall sustainability index of the Lombuyan ecotourism area is 63.89%, classified as moderately sustainable. Among the four dimensions: the institutional dimension achieved the highest index (82.37%), followed by the social dimension (80.09%), while the ecological (55.18%) and economic (33.13%) dimensions were relatively lower. The results highlight that the traditional institution Pololuanto Lombuyan plays a crucial role in maintaining governance, enforcing local rules and facilitating collaboration between the community and the Central Sulawesi Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA). This strong institutional framework compensates for economic limitations and supports ecological rehabilitation, particularly through community-led land restoration and monitoring. Our findings reveal that the sustainability of the Lombuyan ecotourism area is strongly influenced by resilience of local institutions and community participation. Strengthening these governance mechanisms offers a viable pathway for improving the long-term sustainability of ecotourism in conservation landscapes.
Community-based Strategies for Optimising Mangrove Forest Tourism Management in Balang Baru Village, Jeneponto Regency Yayank, Andi Ridha; Molo, Hasanuddin; Rahim Sila, Sri Arfiani
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): December
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/45mbwp68

Abstract

Although SWOT analysis has been widely used for tourism and conservation planning, its application here highlights the institutional and social dynamics shaping mangrove ecotourism in a rural Indonesian context. The study reframes SWOT not merely as a planning tool but as a policy instrument to show how local collaboration, governance capacity and ecological rehabilitation can be aligned to sustain mangrove-based livelihoods. Grounded in the context of Balang Baru Village, where mangrove resources managed as a tourism area face increasing pressure from population growth and economic needs, this study aims to optimise the utilisation of the mangrove forest tourism area through the formulation of effective management strategies. Primary data were obtained from interviews with 15 respondents, including local residents, village government representatives, and members of the mangrove management group. The results identified ten strategic actions to strengthen mangrove tourism management, including the use of non-tourism zones for rehabilitation, the development of mangrove education parks, the establishment of an official tourism website, the improvement of facilities and infrastructure, and the enhancement of stakeholder collaboration. These strategies are expected to support sustainable mangrove management while improving community welfare through ecotourism development.
Revealing Carbon Patterns Across Mangrove Density Variations Using Sentinel-2 NDVI Nasir, Anugrahandini; Herawaty, Herawaty; Ismail, Ismail; Syah, Muh Izzul Muslimin
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): December
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/rbh1zd16

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of coastal ecosystems and mitigating climate change due to their ability to absorb and store carbon. This study aims to estimate carbon stocks across different mangrove density levels on Bangko-bangkoang Island, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The methods employed include Sentinel-2 imagery analysis using the Google Earth Engine platform to identify vegetation density based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and estimate carbon stocks using an allometric model and field data. The Sentinel-2 image analysis revealed that the mangrove vegetation cover on Bangko-bangkoang Island spans 16.04 ha. NDVI results show that mangroves in the low-density class cover 8.97 ha (56%), the medium-density class covers 3.71 ha (23%), and the high-density class covers 3.34 ha (21%). Field surveys confirmed the presence of three mangrove species on the island: Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba. Regression analysis conducted to assess the relationship between NDVI values and carbon stocks revealed the best model as an exponential function with the equation y = 0.0043e(11.726x), yielding a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.683. The average carbon stock for the low-density class is 22.35 tons C/ha, for medium density is 67.1 tons C/ha, and for high density is 111.85 tons C/ha. These findings emphasize the important role of mangroves in climate change mitigation and provide scientific evidence for mangrove conservation efforts, particularly in enhancing vegetation density to optimize carbon storage.
Individual Tree Segmentation in TropicalNatural Forest Based on Point CloudGenerated from UAV RGB Image Irlan, Irlan; Adzkia, Ulfa; Suhartono, Suhartono; Meliani, Meliani; Jenos, Alpri Sri; Bimantara, Teguh; A, Chairil
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): December
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/kx7bhn83

Abstract

Different techniques have been developed for segmenting individual trees using point clouds from UAVs and other remote sensing technologies. A more accurate and reasonably priced method is still required, nevertheless, especially for tropical natural forests. This study evaluates the accuracy of individual tree segmentation using point clouds derived from RGB images in Indonesian natural forests. Compared to other sensors like LiDAR, RGB-based point clouds are significantly more cost-effective. We employed a point cloud-based segmentation algorithm, which has demonstrated superior performance over raster-based or hybrid methods. The results show that this approach is feasible for segmenting individual trees, although it tends to produce over-segmentation. This was attributed to the constraints of incomplete ground measurements resulting from dense canopy cover. The method achieved an overall segmentation accuracy of r (0.68), p (0.76), and F (0.72). Tree position accuracy had an RMSE of 1.95 meters, while the RMSE for crown radius was 1.59 meters. Future work will focus on enhancing the quality of RGB point clouds and improving algorithms to increase segmentation accuracy in natural forests.
Species Diversity of Trees in Sungai BuluhPeat Forest Reserve, Mendahara UluDistrict, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency Nahlunnisa, Hafizah; Nursanti, Nursanti; Dinanty, Fawwaz; Yandi, Wahyu Nazri
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): December
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/a5jm2k73

Abstract

Peat swamp forests are ecologically important ecosystems that regulate hydrology, store carbon, and support high biodiversity. The Sungai Buluh Peat Forest Reserve in Mendahara Ulu District, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi Province, Indonesia, represents a relatively undisturbed tropical peat swamp forest with high potential for tree species diversity. This study assessed tree species composition, diversity, and community structure in the Sinar Wajo and Sungai Beras Village Forests to support ecological monitoring and guide sustainable forest. Species dominance was analyzed using the Importance Value Index (IVI), while community structure was evaluated using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′), Pielou’s evenness (E), Margalef’s richness (Dmg), and community similarity (IS). A total of 45 species from 22 families were recorded in Sinar Wajo Village Forest, while 36 species from 21 families were documented in Sungai Beras Village Forest. Diversity and richness were higher in Sinar Wajo village forest, while both sites exhibited high evenness and low dominance, indicating stable and heterogeneous communities. Community similarity between the two forests was high, suggesting comparable ecological and environmental conditions. These results provide a comprehensive overview of tree species composition and community structure in the Sungai Buluh Peat Forest Reserve. The study emphasizes the importance of baseline ecological data to guide sustainable forest management and conservation, supporting biodiversity preservation and maintaining ecosystem functions in tropical peat swamp forests.
Synergy of Ecotourism Strategy, Conservation Awareness, and Social Participation in Supporting Forest Conservation and Ecological Stability Herawaty, Herawaty; Sultan, Dian Mitrnawaty; Alifiah, Putri; asjulia, asjulia
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): June
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/3pfzrr19

Abstract

The Battang forest area in Palopo City faces ecological sustainability challenges due to pressure from human activities and low conservation awareness. Therefore, an integrated management approach combining ecotourism strategies, conservation awareness, and social participation is required to support forest conservation and ecological stability. This study aims to analyze the integrated role of ecotourism strategies, conservation awareness, and social participation in supporting forest conservation and ecological stability in the Battang area. The study used a quantitative approach with a survey method of 280 respondents consisting of members of forest farmer groups, local tourism actors, traditional leaders, and communities around the forest area. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among variables. The results showed that conservation awareness (p = 0.000) and social participation (p = 0.000) significantly influenced forest conservation, while ecotourism strategies did not significantly influence (p = 0.193). However, all three independent variables significantly influenced ecological stability, with social participation as the most dominant factor (p = 0.000). The R² values of 0.779 for forest conservation and 0.810 for ecological stability indicate strong model predictive power. The findings indicate that conservation awareness and community participation are key drivers of forest conservation and ecological stability. Furthermore, the effectiveness of ecotourism initiatives depends strongly on social support and the presence of conservation-oriented values that encourage sustainable and non-exploitative resource use.
Unequal Value Capture in Non-TimberForest Product Chains with Evidence fromPine Resin Processing in Rural Indonesia Zakiyah, Andi Mawaddah; Pratiwi, Rini; Astina, Astina; Utami A, Widyanti
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): June
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/h3q6w153

Abstract

This study examines unequal value capture within the pine resin value chain as a locally important non-timber forest product (NTFP) in rural Indonesia (Sasaka Village, West Sulawesi Province). Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through field observations, interviews, and a census of 33 active resin tappers, complemented by information from intermediaries and processing industries. The analysis identifies three main marketing channels involving farmers, intermediaries, and a processing industry that transforms raw resin into higher-value products, namely rosin (gondorukem) and turpentine. Results show that both marketing and profit margins are highly uneven across the value chain. While farmers receive a stable price of IDR 10,000/kg, the processing industry captures the largest share of value, with margins reaching IDR 13,000/kg for rosin and IDR 63,000/kg for turpentine. Profit margins are similarly concentrated at the industrial level, particularly for turpentine (IDR 60,288/kg), reflecting economies of scale, processing capacity, and access to export markets. These findings demonstrate clear unequal value capture within the pine resin value chain, where upstream actors receive a relatively small share of the total economic benefits despite their critical role in production. This pattern indicates structural inefficiencies and imbalances in the marketing system. Strengthening farmer bargaining power, improving access to processing technologies, and promoting more equitable market linkages are essential to enhance inclusiveness and ensure the long-term sustainability of NTFP-based livelihoods.
Impact of Land Use Change on Water Yield Using the SWAT Model in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Maros Wahyullah Wahyullah; Yefane Samperuru
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): June
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/tjn33t18

Abstract

One of the factors that influence the hydrological dynamics of a watershed is land use change, especially those related to water yield and river flow stability. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of land use changes during the period 2018–2023 on water production and the River Regime Coefficient (RRC) in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Upper Walanae Watershed. Land cover change analysis was conducted using Sentinel-2 images from 2018 and 2023, while hydrological response was analyzed using the standard Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with inputs of climate, soil, topography, and land use data. Research results show that during the period 2018–2023, there was a decrease in mixed dryland agriculture, followed by an increase in secondary dryland forests and rice fields. SWAT simulations show that an increase in annual rainfall is followed by an increase in surface runoff, average discharge, and maximum discharge, while minimum discharge experiences a significant decrease. The condition of the watershed indicates that the ability to maintain base flow during the dry season has decreased. The value of the River Regime Coefficient (RRC) increased as a result of greater surface runoff, indicating an increase in river discharge variation between the rainy and dry seasons. The validation results based on community interviews show that the simulation model results are aligned. The hydrological stability of the Minraleng Sub-Watershed tends to decrease due to land-use changes and increased rainfall.
Spatiotemporal Land Cover Dynamics and Their Implications For Watershed Quality in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Indonesia Nisa Nur Ramadhani; Wahyuni Wahyuni; Putri Fatimah Nurdin; Muhammad Daud
Jurnal Wasian Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): June
Publisher : Forestry Department, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62142/8xa6sc54

Abstract

Land use change is a key indicator of environmental dynamics in watershed ecosystems, particularly in areas experiencing increasing land use changed. This study aims to analyze spatiotemporal land use changes and assess watershed quality based on permanentvegetation cover in the Minraleng Sub-Watershed, Indonesia. Sentinel-2 Level-2A satellite imagery from 2017, 2020, and 2023 was processed and analyzed using a GIS-based overlay approach. Image preprocessing included radiometric correction, band combination, clipping, and on-screen digitization, followed by ground validation using GPS. Classification accuracy was evaluated using confusion matrix and kappa statistics. The results indicate that the Minraleng Sub-Watershed is predominantly covered by primary dryland forest. Forest cover declined by 0.95% between 2017 and 2020 but slightly increased by 0.16% from 2020 to 2023. Watershed quality based on Permanent Vegetation Cover (PVC) remained in the good category, with values of 61% in 2017, 60% in 2020, and 61% in 2023. Classification accuracy was high, with kappa values ranging from 92.25% to 96.43%. These findings provide important insights for sustainable watershed management and strategies to mitigate land degradation risks. Despite the fact that PVC is still classified as being in a good category, the continuous decline in forest cover indicates a growing threat to watershed sustainability, especially in terms of maintaining hydrological functions, regulating streamflow, and preserving the ecological integrity of the watershed.

Page 13 of 14 | Total Record : 131

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