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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Sustainability
Published by Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
ISSN : 28278526     EISSN : 28278917     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ijsunissula.1.1
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Science, Education, Engineering,
Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
Indonesian Journal of Sustainability is a peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (January and June) by the Library of Universitas Islam Sultan Agung. IJS Intend to be International journal which provides and promotes broader publishing article from the multi-disciplinary resources. IJS also initiate to give more contribution toward policymakers in a related field. IJS receives manuscripts on various topics include : Economics and business, engineering, Islamic studies, psychology, education, communication, law, dentistry, nursing, medicine, industrial Technology, and other sustainability articles The IJS accepts articles related to those subjects and any research methodology that meet the requirement for publication in the journal. The primary subjects of the audience are academicians, graduate students, practitioners, and others interested in business research.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 45 Documents
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Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows in the Global Digital Economy: Comparative Perspectives from WTO, EU, and Indo-Pacific Frameworks Zahoor Ahmed
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY Vol 5, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Library of Sultan Agung Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijsunissula.5.2.55-75

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the digital economy has transformed international commerce by making cross-border data flows a fundamental component of global trade. Digital trade now encompasses a broad range of economic activities, including e-commerce, cloud computing, digital platforms, artificial intelligence services, and data-driven supply chains. While these developments have enhanced global economic integration and technological innovation, they have simultaneously generated complex legal and regulatory challenges relating to data privacy, cybersecurity, digital sovereignty, market access, and international trade governance. Divergent national and regional approaches to regulating cross-border data flows have contributed to increasing fragmentation within the global digital economy. This study examines the governance of digital trade through a comparative legal analysis of cross-border data regulation under the frameworks of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the European Union (EU), and emerging Indo-Pacific digital trade agreements.Employing a qualitative doctrinal and comparative legal methodology, the research analyzes the evolution of digital trade governance within multilateral, regional, and transnational legal frameworks. The study evaluates the WTO’s trade-oriented approach to digital commerce, the European Union’s comprehensive regulatory model for data protection and digital rights, and the flexible market-integration strategies adopted within Indo-Pacific digital trade agreements. Particular attention is given to the regulation of cross-border data flows, restrictions on data localization, privacy protections, cybersecurity obligations, and the institutional mechanisms developed to facilitate digital economic cooperation.The findings demonstrate that each regulatory framework reflects distinct legal philosophies and policy priorities. The WTO framework primarily emphasizes trade liberalization, market access, and non-discrimination principles but faces significant challenges in adapting existing trade rules to the rapidly evolving digital economy. The European Union adopts a rights-based regulatory model that prioritizes personal data protection, privacy, and digital sovereignty through comprehensive legal safeguards governing international data transfers. In contrast, Indo-Pacific digital trade agreements generally favor the facilitation of cross-border data flows and regional economic integration through flexible and innovation-oriented regulatory cooperation. These contrasting approaches highlight the continuing tension between economic openness and national regulatory autonomy in global digital trade governance.The study concludes that greater international coordination and legal harmonization are essential to reducing regulatory fragmentation and supporting sustainable growth in the global digital economy. Developing transparent and interoperable standards for cross-border data governance, strengthening international regulatory cooperation, and balancing trade liberalization with legitimate public policy objectives can contribute to a more coherent and effective framework for digital trade regulation. Such measures are necessary to ensure that the global digital economy remains open, secure, inclusive, and capable of fostering long-term economic development in an increasingly interconnected world.Keywords: Digital Trade; Cross-Border Data Governance; WTO; European Union; Indo-Pacific Trade Agreements.
Regulating Digital Marketplaces: A Comparative Socio-Legal Analysis of Consumer Protection in Islamic and Western Legal Traditions Toheed Ahmad
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY Vol 5, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Library of Sultan Agung Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijsunissula.5.2.14-37

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed global commerce, leading to the emergence of digital marketplaces and platform-based economies that facilitate cross-border electronic transactions. While e-commerce platforms have expanded economic opportunities and improved consumer access to goods and services, they have simultaneously generated significant legal and regulatory challenges concerning consumer protection, contractual fairness, data privacy, and dispute resolution. Consumers participating in online transactions frequently encounter risks associated with misleading advertising, unfair contractual terms, cyber fraud, misuse of personal data, and jurisdictional complexities in resolving transnational disputes. In response, legal systems across the world have developed regulatory frameworks aimed at safeguarding consumer rights and ensuring transparency and accountability in digital commerce.This study examines the regulation of digital marketplaces through a comparative socio-legal analysis of e-commerce governance in Islamic and Western legal systems. Employing a qualitative doctrinal and comparative legal methodology, the research analyzes the legal principles governing electronic commerce, consumer protection standards, and dispute resolution mechanisms within both traditions. The study further explores the ethical foundations of Islamic commercial jurisprudence, including the principles of fairness (adl), transparency, good faith, and mutual consent, and compares them with statutory and institutional consumer protection frameworks developed in Western legal systems. In addition, the research investigates the socio-legal dimensions of digital commerce, particularly the influence of cultural values, institutional structures, technological innovation, and regulatory enforcement on consumer protection practices.The findings demonstrate that both Islamic and Western legal systems share common objectives in promoting fairness, preventing exploitation, and protecting consumers from deceptive commercial practices, although they differ in their legal methodologies and regulatory approaches. Western legal systems predominantly rely on comprehensive legislation, administrative regulation, and consumer protection agencies, whereas Islamic legal systems integrate ethical-commercial principles with legal norms to regulate market conduct. Despite these methodological differences, both frameworks emphasize transparency, accountability, contractual justice, and the protection of weaker parties in commercial transactions.The study concludes that effective governance of digital marketplaces requires enhanced legal harmonization and international cooperation to address the cross-border complexities of global e-commerce. Strengthening transparency obligations, improving online dispute resolution mechanisms, ensuring data protection, and promoting responsible platform governance are essential for enhancing consumer confidence in digital markets. The integration of ethical principles derived from diverse legal traditions may further contribute to the development of more inclusive, balanced, and sustainable regulatory frameworks capable of supporting the continued growth of the global digital economy while safeguarding consumer rights and commercial justice.Keywords: Digital Marketplaces; Consumer Protection; E-Commerce Regulation; Islamic Commercial Law; Comparative Legal Analysis
Trends and Developments in Carbon Accounting Research Over a Decade: a Bibliometric Analysis Rita Rosalina; Muhammad Ja'far Shodiq
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY Vol 5, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Library of Sultan Agung Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijsunissula.5.2.38-54

Abstract

This study aims to analyze trends and developments in carbon accounting research during the 2016–2026 period through a bibliometric approach. Research data were obtained from the Scopus database using keywords related to carbon accounting. The article selection process was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, resulting in 1,197 articles meeting the criteria for analysis. Bibliometric analysis was performed in RStudio using the Biblioshiny package. The results show that publications on carbon accounting have increased significantly over the past decade, with an average annual growth rate of 10.33%. China has the highest number of publications, followed by the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Germany. Keyword analysis shows that research themes are dominated by issues of carbon dioxide, carbon emissions, climate change, greenhouse gases, and sustainable development. Keyword network analysis identified three main clusters: carbon emission measurement and reporting, emission control and energy efficiency, and climate change and life cycle assessment. These results demonstrate that carbon accounting research has evolved from a focus on measuring and reporting emissions to a more strategic approach that supports sustainability management, climate change mitigation, and the transition to a low-carbon economy. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the intellectual structure, directions for development, and future research opportunities in carbon accounting, particularly those related to ESG, net-zero emissions, and sustainability reporting.
Analysis of the Influence of Labor Union Functions on Employee Job Satisfaction and Work Motivation Niki Etruly; Visca Erna Ardiyanti Putri; Juliasari Prasetya
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY Vol 5, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Library of Sultan Agung Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijsunissula.5.2.1-13

Abstract

This research aims to determine the influence of the function of trade unions on the job satisfaction and motivation of PT employees. PGLSMID. Quantitative was the method chosen to be used in this research. PT employees. PGLSMID was used as the population and sample in the study with a sample size of 60 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed using multiple linear regression tests in the form of validity and reliability tests, normality tests, multicollinearity tests, heterodasticity tests and hypothesis tests. The results obtained in this research are that there is a simultaneous influence between the roles of the CLA makers and the trade unions in solving industrial problems; Trade unions have an influence in creating a harmonious, dynamic and fair relationship towards job satisfaction, there is a simultaneous influence between the role of the CLA maker and the trade union organization in resolving industrial problems; the influence of trade unions in creating harmonious, dynamic and fair relationships on the work motivation of PT employees. PGLSMID.
International Legal Cooperation and Transnational Cybercrime: Challenges and Effectiveness in the Era of Global Connectivity Talib Adnan Abood
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY Vol 5, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Library of Sultan Agung Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijsunissula.5.2.76-100

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and global internet connectivity has fundamentally transformed the nature of criminal activity, making cybercrime one of the most significant transnational security challenges of the twenty-first century. Cyber offenses such as hacking, ransomware attacks, online fraud, cyber espionage, financial theft, and digital identity crimes increasingly operate across national borders, exploiting jurisdictional limitations and inconsistencies within domestic legal systems. The borderless character of cyberspace enables criminal networks to conceal their identities, transfer illicit digital assets, and target individuals, corporations, and governments worldwide with unprecedented speed and sophistication. Consequently, combating cybercrime requires effective international legal cooperation and coordinated regulatory frameworks capable of addressing the global and technologically complex nature of digital crime.This study examines the effectiveness of international legal cooperation in combating transnational cybercrime through a doctrinal and comparative legal analysis of international cybercrime governance mechanisms, national legal frameworks, and cross-border enforcement practices. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study analyzes major international instruments, institutional cooperation models, and enforcement strategies developed to address cybercrime across different jurisdictions. Particular attention is given to mechanisms such as mutual legal assistance treaties, extradition procedures, cross-border digital evidence sharing, joint investigative operations, and international cybersecurity partnerships. The research also explores the legal and practical challenges affecting cybercrime enforcement, including jurisdictional conflicts, data sovereignty concerns, variations in national cybercrime legislation, privacy and human rights protections, encryption technologies, and disparities in technological and institutional capacities among states.The findings reveal that although international conventions and cooperative enforcement initiatives have substantially strengthened global responses to cybercrime, existing legal frameworks remain fragmented and inconsistently implemented across jurisdictions. Differences in legal standards, procedural rules, and enforcement capabilities often create regulatory gaps that transnational cybercriminal networks exploit to avoid detection and prosecution. The study further demonstrates that the effectiveness of international legal cooperation depends not only on formal legal instruments but also on political trust, technological preparedness, institutional coordination, and timely information sharing among states and international organizations.The study concludes that addressing cybercrime in the era of global connectivity requires a comprehensive and coordinated international governance strategy that combines legal harmonization, technological innovation, institutional capacity-building, and multilateral cooperation. Strengthening international legal frameworks, enhancing cross-border digital evidence mechanisms, promoting cybersecurity collaboration, and encouraging greater public-private partnerships are essential for improving the global response to transnational digital crime. Such measures are necessary to protect the security, stability, and integrity of the increasingly interconnected global digital environment while ensuring that cybercrime governance remains consistent with fundamental principles of international law, privacy, and human rights.Keywords: Cybercrime; Transnational Digital Crime; International Legal Cooperation; Cybersecurity Law; Digital Evidence; Cross-Border Investigation; Global Cybercrime Governance; Cybercrime Regulation.

Page 5 of 5 | Total Record : 45

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