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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal Health Science and Medicine
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30638186     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/ijhsm
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Veterinary
Focus: The Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine (IJHSM) focus to advance the field of health science and medicine by publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research articles, reviews, and case studies. Our journal serves as a platform for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals to share innovative findings, critical insights, and emerging trends in the broad domain of health science and medicine. Scope: Clinical Research and Practice Studies on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Clinical trials and evidence-based practices. Advances in medical technology and therapeutics. Public Health Epidemiology and health statistics. Health policy and management. Community health initiatives and health education. Biomedical Science Research on cellular and molecular biology. Genetics and genomics. Pharmacology and toxicology. Health Care Systems and Services Health care delivery and management. Quality improvement in health care services. Health economics and health informatics. Global Health Health issues affecting populations worldwide. International health regulations and practices. Global health governance and diplomacy. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Lifestyle and behavioral interventions. Preventive medicine and early detection. Nutritional science and physical activity. Mental Health Research on mental health disorders and treatments. Psychological well-being and mental health promotion. Integration of mental health services in primary care. Innovations in Health Education and Training Medical and health science education methodologies. Training programs for health professionals. Continuing education and professional development.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 29 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember" : 29 Documents clear
Histological and Cytokine-Based Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Cancer: Biomarker Berbasis Histologi dan Sitokin dalam Diagnosis Dini Kanker Faisal, Ahmed Nassir; Abbas, Abbas Mohsin; M, Chayan; Mohsein, Osama A.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i2.93

Abstract

Background; Early detection of cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. Histological biomarkers, such as cellular atypia, mitotic figures, necrosis, and angiogenesis, play a crucial role in identifying malignancies. Cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are emerging as valuable biomarkers due to their involvement in cancer-related inflammation. Aims of the study; Evaluate the role of histological features and cytokine-based biomarkers, specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in the early diagnosis of cancer. Methodology; This case-control study, conducted from January to August 2024, included 150 cancer patients and 50 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria were adults aged 18-75 with a cancer diagnosis. Ethical approval was obtained. Tissue samples were processed for histology, and cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. Result; The results showed no significant differences in age and gender between patients and controls, but smoking, family history of cancer, and BMI were significantly higher in patients. Histological examinations revealed clear differences between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues. Cytokine levels were significantly elevated in patients, with strong correlations observed between cytokines and histological parameters. Finally, cytokines demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, making them effective biomarkers for diagnosis. Conclusions; In conclusion, IL-6 and TNF-α are valuable biomarkers for cancer detection, demonstrating strong correlations with histological features. Their high sensitivity, specificity, and AUC support their potential in early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Highlights: Early Detection: IL-6 and TNF-α show high sensitivity and specificity, making them valuable for early cancer diagnosis. Histological Correlation: Strong associations between cytokine levels and tumor features like necrosis and angiogenesis support their diagnostic relevance. Clinical Utility: The study reinforces cytokines as potential non-invasive biomarkers, aiding in early screening and prognosis of cancer.
Some Hormonal And Hematological Changes Accompanied With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Beberapa Perubahan Hormonal dan Hematologi yang Disertai dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Hamza, Duaa Hamad
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.123

Abstract

The goal of this research to examine the alterations in a few and hormonal and hematological markers that took place in persons with type 2 diabetes Mellitus T2DM. The current research is being conducted at the Al-Hussein Hospital's diabetes and endocrinology center in the province of Al-Muthanna. There were 200 participants in the study: 100 were T2DM patients and 100 were controls. Patients and controls ranged in age from 24 to 50. In this study, spectrophotometry was used to assess fasting blood sugar (FBS) at 546 nm, the Sysmax-Kx-21 was used to measure hematological parameters (RBC, Hb, RDW, WBC, PLT, and MPV), and the ELSA technique was used to detect hormones (TSH, T3, and T4).The FBS of T2DM patients is considerably upper than that of control patients (P<0.05), according to the results. However, the findings indicate that patients with T2MD had meaningfully lower ranks of TSH, T3, and T4 when paralleled to the control grouping. Hematological parameter data indicate that patients with T2DM had significantly lower RBC and Hb when paralleled to the control grouping, but considerably upper RDW, WBC, PLT, and MPV (P<0.05) when paralleled to the control grouping. Highlights: Higher FBS in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls. Lower TSH, T3, T4 in T2DM group than controls. Altered blood markers: Low RBC, Hb; high RDW, WBC, PLT, MPV. Keywords: T2DM , Hormones , Blood parameters
Ovarian Histopathological Lesions by Superovulation Induction Drugs Intake in Female Rats: Lesi Histopatologi Ovarium oleh Asupan Obat Induksi Superovulasi pada Tikus Betina Mazyed, Ibtihal K.; Al-badry, Fatima A.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.126

Abstract

This study was conducted to determination the effects of fertility drugs on some sex hormones and the histological changes of the ovary. Forty-two of female rats were used, it divided into sevsn groups, each group containing 6 rats. The first group was fed with distilled water and feed as control group. The second and third groups were received Clomid (50 mg) for one month and two months respectively. The fourth and fifth groups were given Duphaston (10 mg) for one month and two months respectively. The sixth and seventh groups were treated with the Procreation V for one and two months. The results showed a singnificant increasing in levels of sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone and prolactin) in addition to histological damage such as the decline of ovarian follicles with congestion, edema, fibrosis, bleeding, increasing thickness of germinal layers and inflammation, as it was found that exposure to them for a period of two months is the most harmful. Highlights: Drugs increased estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin levels significantly. Histological damage: follicle loss, inflammation, fibrosis, bleeding. Two-month exposure caused the most severe ovarian harm. Keywords: Fertility drugs, ovary, progesterone, histological lesions
Study and Microbiologic Analysis of Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections Clinical Samples in Kirkuk City: Studi dan Analisis Mikrobiologi Klebsiella spp. yang Diisolasi dari Sampel Klinis Infeksi Saluran Kemih di Kota Kirkuk Hussein, Rakan A.; Aziz, Fatema W. Abdul
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.128

Abstract

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a prevalent cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are a serious issue of public health. Since K. pneumoniae strains are developing increasing resistance to antibiotics, prompt and precise diagnosis is necessary for successful treatment. Aim: The purpose of this study was to separate and recognize K. pneumoniae from UTI patients' samples of urine. Additionally, it aimed to assess the efficacy of several diagnostic techniques, such as Vitek 2, biochemical, and phenotypic. Method: The study, which included both governmental and commercial healthcare facilities, was carried out in Kirkuk province, Iraq, between January and October of 2024. Urine samples were taken from 90 UTI patients, representing both sexes and an extensive range of age groups. The study used various diagnostic techniques. For initial identification, phenotypic and biochemical testing were conducted. The automated Vitek 2 system provides quick and precise identification. Results: 33.4% of the urine samples had K. pneumoniae. The age range of 5 to 25 years old had the highest prevalence, and girls were more likely than males to have it. All of the diagnostic methods used in the investigation were successful in confirming every isolate. Conclusion: The study concluded that K. pneumoniae had a major role in the investigated group's UTIs. The results stress the importance of utilizing a variety of techniques for diagnosis in order to accurately and promptly identify this disease, This is necessary for both infection prevention and successful treatment. Highlights: pneumoniae increasingly causes UTIs and resists antibiotic treatment. Urine samples tested using phenotypic, biochemical, and Vitek 2 methods. 4% positive; young females most affected; all methods effective.. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumonia, Phenotypic Identification, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), Biochemical Tests.
Applications of Nanotechnology for Combating Drug Resistant Bacterial Infections Using Nanoparticles Kassab, Mohammed Ali
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.155

Abstract

Background: The global rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a significant threat to public health, necessitating alternative antimicrobial strategies. Specific Background: Nanoparticles such as silver (AgNPs), zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), and copper oxide (CuO-NPs) have emerged as promising agents due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Knowledge Gap: However, comparative data on their efficacy across different resistance levels and their underlying mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress induction, remain limited. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs, ZnO-NPs, and CuO-NPs against 150 bacterial isolates categorized into high-, moderate-, and non-resistant bacteria (HRB, MRB, NRB). Results: AgNPs exhibited the highest overall antibacterial activity, with the greatest average zone of inhibition (26.28 mm for MRB) and the lowest MIC/MBC values (7.89 µg/mL for NRB). CuO-NPs produced the highest reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting a distinct mechanism of oxidative damage, while ZnO-NPs showed moderate effectiveness. Statistical analyses (ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Pearson’s r) confirmed significant differences among nanoparticles and a strong correlation between ROS generation and bacterial inhibition for CuO-NPs. Novelty: This is among the few studies providing a comprehensive comparison of these nanoparticles across graded resistance levels. Implications: The findings highlight AgNPs' potential in combating resistant bacteria and underscore the need for further research on their long-term safety and integration into antimicrobial therapies.Highlight : AgNPs most effective: Silver nanoparticles showed the highest antibacterial activity across all resistance levels (HRB, MRB, NRB). ROS production matters: CuO-NPs generated the most reactive oxygen species, contributing to bacterial cell damage. Dual mechanisms: Nanoparticles act via oxidative stress and membrane disruption, enhancing their antibacterial potency. Keywords : Nanotechnology, Bacterial Infection, Resistant Bacteria, MRSA
Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy in Karbala hussein, Mortadha handhal; Ali Kareem Al-Juboori
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.224

Abstract

Radiation therapy, a cornerstone of cancer treatment, is associated with various physical and psychological side effects that can significantly impair a patient's quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to assess the impact of anxiety and depression on the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. A prospective descriptive quantitative study was conducted on a non-probability convenience sample of 81 patients at the Center of Oncology and Blood Diseases in Karbala City. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to measure quality of life. The Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test was applied to examine differences in QOL. The study found that anxiety and depression levels significantly and negatively impacted the overall quality of life of patients during radiotherapy (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant statistical difference was observed in the QOL levels with regard to tumor metastasis (p < 0.05), with patients experiencing metastasis reporting lower QOL. The findings indicate that radiation therapy and its associated psychological distress, particularly in the presence of tumor metastasis, are significant determinants of reduced quality of life in cancer patients. These results underscore the importance of integrating psychological and social support into clinical oncology care to improve patient well-being. Highlights: Anxiety and depression significantly impair quality of life during radiotherapy. Metastatic tumors are linked to lower quality of life. Sociodemographic factors show minimal influence compared to clinical and psychological factors.
Assessment Nurses role in Reducing Hospital Stay of Patients with Respiratory Diseases in some Basrah Teaching Hospitals Alsaad, Anmar Jabbar; Ali Suanid Alethar; Maher Abdul Ameer Atiyah
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.230

Abstract

Prolonged hospital stay is a major concern in healthcare systems, as it increases the risk of hospital-acquired infections, elevates treatment costs, and reduces bed availability. Nurses play a central role in patient care, and their interventions can significantly influence recovery outcomes and hospitalization duration. In surgical wards, particularly among patients undergoing abdominal surgeries, the quality of nursing care and adherence to postoperative protocols are essential determinants of hospital stay length. While the impact of medical and surgical interventions has been widely studied, limited research has evaluated the direct role of nurses in reducing hospital stay through evidence-based practices. This study aimed to assess the role of nurses in reducing the length of hospital stay among patients undergoing abdominal surgery at Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Teaching Hospital. A cross-sectional study of 60 nurses revealed that 68.3% demonstrated good knowledge and practice in postoperative care, including infection prevention, pain management, wound care, and patient education. The study confirmed a positive relationship between effective nursing interventions and reduced hospital stay. Unlike previous studies focusing on physician-led interventions, this research highlights nursing contributions as a critical factor in optimizing patient outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous nursing education, protocol adherence, and supportive hospital policies to enhance recovery rates, reduce complications, and minimize hospitalization duration. Highlights: Nurses play a vital role in reducing hospital stay duration for patients with hematological malignancies. Effective nursing care enhances treatment adherence and improves overall patient outcomes. Strengthening nurses’ skills and involvement in care can significantly optimize hospitalization periods.
Smoking Among Dental Students Abdulwahhab, Nagwan Ali; Rayan Waseem Waleed; Aya Hamid Mahdi; Jehan Yawez Al-Demirchi; Zahraa Ahmed Abdulwahid
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.231

Abstract

Tobacco use remains one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, contributing to millions of deaths annually. Dental students, as future healthcare providers, play a crucial role in tobacco prevention and cessation; however, high smoking prevalence among them raises concern about their readiness to serve as health advocates. Despite global research, little is known about the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of smoking among dental students in Iraq, particularly regarding their knowledge and attitudes toward cessation. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of tobacco use, identify associated risk factors, and evaluate dental students’ knowledge and attitudes toward smoking and cessation. A cross-sectional survey of 250 students revealed a smoking prevalence of 37%, with a significant gender disparity (36% among males vs. 1% among females). Cigarettes (66%) and shisha (62%) were the most commonly used tobacco products. Stress (55%) and enjoyment (55%) were the leading reasons for smoking initiation, followed by addiction (28%) and peer pressure (14%). No significant reduction in smoking rates was observed with increasing age or academic level. Two-thirds of students reported that the dental curriculum inadequately addressed smoking cessation. This is among the first studies to systematically assess smoking behavior and cessation knowledge among Iraqi dental students, highlighting gaps in education. The findings emphasize the urgent need to integrate comprehensive tobacco education and cessation training into dental curricula to empower students as effective public health advocates. Highlights: Smoking prevalence among dental students reached 37%, with a stark gender difference (36% males vs. 1% females). Cigarettes (66%) and shisha (62%) were the most commonly used tobacco products. Stress and enjoyment were the main reasons for smoking initiation (55% each), while two-thirds of students felt their curriculum lacked adequate smoking cessation education.
Analyzing the Reports of Chemical Poisoning and Pharmacological Toxicity in Cases Presented to the Poison Centre in Basra City, Iraq Al-Rawaq, Ali M.
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.232

Abstract

Poisoning remains a major global public health concern, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries where access to toxic agents is common. In Iraq, especially in Basra, cases of acute poisoning are frequent, yet epidemiological data remain limited, hampering effective prevention and management strategies. Despite regional studies, there is insufficient systematic analysis of poisoning trends, types of agents, and demographic risk factors in Basra over recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, types, and outcomes of chemical and pharmaceutical poisoning cases reported to the Basra Poison Control Centre over a three-year period (2020–2022). A total of 244 cases were analyzed, with nearly half occurring in children under seven years old, indicating their high vulnerability. Males predominated in 2020 and 2021, while females were more frequently affected in 2022. Drugs were the leading cause of poisoning (171 cases), particularly benzodiazepines (18–29.5%) and paracetamol (15–18.5%). Pesticides, especially organophosphorus compounds and zinc phosphide, were the most common non-pharmaceutical agents in 2020 and 2021, whereas sulfur dioxide gas accounted for 30% of chemical cases in 2022. This is the first comprehensive epidemiological study documenting temporal and demographic variations in poisoning cases in Basra, integrating both pharmaceutical and chemical exposures. The findings highlight the urgent need for stricter drug dispensing regulations, enhanced public awareness, and improved poison control strategies, including antidote availability and healthcare worker training, to reduce the burden of poisoning. Highlights: A total of 244 poisoning cases were reported between 2020–2022, with nearly half involving children under seven years old. Pharmaceuticals, especially benzodiazepines and paracetamol, were the leading causes of poisoning across all years. Pesticides and sulfur dioxide gas were the most common non-pharmaceutical agents, highlighting the need for stricter regulation and preventive strategies.
Molecular Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus in Renal Failure Patients Using RT-Qpcr Issa, Wafaa Abdulkadhim; Wijdan Abbas Eneama; Salah Naser
Indonesian Journal on Health Science and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/ijhsm.v2i3.233

Abstract

Abstract. This study aimed to detect Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients with renal failure using RT-qPCR. A total of 100 blood and serum samples were collected from July to September 2023 from individuals aged 1 to 80 years. The RT-qPCR technique revealed 79 positive cases of CMV infection. The study population was divided into five age groups, with the 51–67 age group showing the highest infection rate (29.11%). Infections were more common in females (41 cases) than in males (38 cases). The use of real-time PCR demonstrated a rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool for CMV, especially among immunocompromised patients. These findings suggest a significant association between CMV infection and renal failure, emphasizing the need for molecular testing in clinical diagnostics. The study provides valuable epidemiological insight and supports the implementation of RT-qPCR for detecting CMV in Iraqi healthcare settings. Highlights: RT-qPCR detected CMV infection in 79% of renal failure patients, confirming its high prevalence. Older adults (51–67 years) showed the highest infection rate, with females slightly more affected than males. RT-qPCR proved to be a rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic tool for CMV detection in immunocompromised patients.

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