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INDONESIA
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
Published by Pemuda Peduli Publikasi Insan Ilmiah
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29879418     DOI : https://doi.org/10.71435
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary
Journal of Asian African Focus in Health ISSN 29879418 is a peer reviewed open access publication devoted to Medical and Health Science Study including Health Veterinary medicine Health Care Pathology Pediatrics Nursing Public health and preventive medicine etc The journals submissions will be evaluated with a blind review process Sciemedica Journal is published by Pemuda Peduli Publikasi Insan Ilmiah Scieclouds Publishing of one volume a year
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Bimbingan Kesehatan dan Transkripsi
Articles 78 Documents
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Clinicopathological Characteristics of HPV-Related and HPV-Independent Cervical Cancer: Literature Review Hasmina Rahman; Mona Nulanda; Dachlia Sri Sakti
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
Publisher : ScieClouds Publishing

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Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the leading malignancies in women, and most cases are associated with high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18. However, advances in classification and molecular pathology indicate that there is a group of cervical cancers that develop without HPV involvement, namely HPV-independent cervical cancer. This literature review aims to analyze the differences in clinicopathological characteristics of HPV-related and HPV-independent cervical cancer. This study uses a narrative literature review method by examining scientific articles obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Semantic Scholar, and SpringerLink in the publication period 2016–2026. The analyzed literature discusses clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics, prognosis, and therapeutic implications based on HPV status. The results of the study indicate that HPV-related cervical cancer generally occurs at a younger age, is dominated by squamous cell carcinoma, shows strong p16 expression, and has a better therapeutic response and prognosis. In contrast, HPV-independent cervical cancer is more common in older patients, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, has histopathological subtypes such as gastric-type adenocarcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and mesonephric carcinoma, and is associated with mutations in genes such as TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, and PTEN. This group also exhibits higher tumor aggressiveness, more frequent lymphovascular invasion, a greater risk of recurrence, and a poorer prognosis. Therefore, HPV status plays a crucial role in determining the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies of cervical cancer. Immunohistochemistry-based diagnostic approaches, molecular testing, and more individualized therapies are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
Disordered Eating Attitudes among Undergraduate Students in Indonesia: Associations with Food Insecurity, Perceived Stress, and Sleep Quality Netta Meridianti Putri; Resti Kurnia Triastanti
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
Publisher : ScieClouds Publishing

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Abstract

Disordered eating is an under-recognised problem among university students, and its links to social and economic adversity remain understudied in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes among undergraduate students in Indonesia and to examine its associations with food insecurity, perceived stress, and sleep quality. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2024 among 635 undergraduate students from several institutions, predominantly Universitas Tidar. Disordered eating attitudes were assessed with the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26; at-risk score ≥20), food insecurity with the United States Department of Agriculture Adult Food Security Survey Module, perceived stress with the Perceived Stress Scale-10, and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Body-mass index was classified using Asia-Pacific cut-offs. Associations were examined using chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sex and body-mass index. The EAT-26 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.82). Overall, 22.2% of students (95% CI 19.0–25.4) were at risk of disordered eating. EAT-26 scores correlated positively with food insecurity, perceived stress, and body-mass index. In the adjusted model, disordered-eating risk was independently associated with food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio 1.99; 95% CI 1.34–2.96) and high perceived stress (adjusted odds ratio 2.40; 95% CI 1.32–4.37), and with higher body-mass index, but not with poor sleep quality. Food insecurity and perceived stress are salient correlates of disordered eating among Indonesian undergraduates, supporting integrated screening and support.
Influence of factors individual characteristics, health services, and medical treatment on the incidence of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients Bagus Dadang Prasetiyo; Ratna Wardani; Yuly Peristiowati
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
Publisher : ScieClouds Publishing

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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of individual characteristics, health services, and medical treatment on the incidence of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients. This study uses associative research with a quantitative approach. The data used came from TB incidence services in HIV/AIDS patients from 2019 to 2022, with a sample of 500 patients selected using non-probability sampling techniques with purposive sampling methods. The variables studied included age, gender, marital status, place of residence, type of health facility, right to treatment class, treatment complications, and delay in ARV treatment. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression model. The results showed a significant effect of age, gender, marital status, residence, type of health facility, right to treatment class, treatment complications, and delayed ARV treatment on the incidence of tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients.
Association between Smoking and the Risk of Incidence and Progression of Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review Annisa M.S. Pasambuna; Abdul Mubdi Ardiansar Arifuddin; Arman Bausat; Hendrian Chaniago; Sarinah Mandella Rumlawan
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
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Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that is one of the main causes of pain and disability in the adult population. Smoking has long been associated with various chronic diseases, but evidence regarding the specificity of osteoarthritis incidence still shows mixed results. This study aims to establish the relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and osteoarthritis incidence through a systematic approach. This study is a systematic observational study compiled in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was conducted on several scientific data bases to obtain relevant studies. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were systematically analyzed. Data synthesis was performed narratively by comparing the results and direction of the relationship between studies. The synthesis of the results showed that most studies reported a trend of increased risk of osteoarthritis in individuals exposed to cigarette smoke, although the reported effect sizes varied. The results of the synthesis of six studies showed that most studies pointed to an association between smoking and osteoarthritis, but the magnitude and direction of the association between studies were heterogeneous. This systematic review shows a trend of an association between cigarette smoke exposure and osteoarthritis incidence. A narrative synthesis of the available studies indicates an association between cigarette exposure and osteoarthritis. This systematic review suggests a trend toward an association between smoking exposure and osteoarthritis. However, evidence regarding disease progression remains variable and inconsistent.
The Risk of Passive Smoking on Respiratory Problems and the Incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Neonates: Literature Review Halwa Wafdaa Kamilah Widagdo; Ema Alasiry; Andi Husni Esa Darussalam
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
Publisher : ScieClouds Publishing

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Abstract

Secondhand smoke during pregnancy is a major risk factor that can impair fetal growth and increase the incidence of respiratory disorders in newborns. Exposure occurs not only through inhalation of cigarette smoke in the air (secondhand smoke), but also through toxic residues attached to clothing, hair, skin, and surfaces belonging to smokers, known as thirdhand smoke. Exposure to harmful substances such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), and heavy metals can enter the pregnant woman’s body through inhalation, skin absorption, or indirect contact, thereby triggering impaired placental perfusion, fetal hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation that contribute to fetal growth restriction, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and developmental disorders of the fetal respiratory system. These conditions represent a global health issue as they increase neonatal morbidity and mortality and impact children’s long-term quality of life. This study aims to analyze the relationship between passive smoking exposure during pregnancy and the incidence of LBW and respiratory disorders in neonates based on recent literature. The method used was a narrative review, which involved examining various scientific articles obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, as well as other indexed scientific journals. The literature search was conducted using keywords related to secondhand smoke, pregnancy, low birth weight, and neonatal respiratory disorders. The study findings indicate that secondhand smoke increases the risk of low birth weight, fetal growth restriction, and various neonatal respiratory disorders. Other contributing risk factors include household environmental conditions, maternal nutritional status, maternal age, body mass index, and exposure to air pollution such as PM2.5. Additionally, infants with low birth weight face a higher risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and long-term lung function impairment. Interventions such as cessation of tobacco exposure, health education, antenatal screening, and the implementation of smoke-free zones have proven to be effective preventive strategies.  Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy is a multifactorial risk factor that contributes to low birth weight and respiratory disorders in newborns; therefore, a comprehensive preventive approach is needed to reduce its impact on the health of mothers and children.
The Role of Ethics-Based Learning on the Professional Attitudes of Medical Professional Education Students: Literature Review Delfi Putra Pratama; Sri Julyani; Zulfitriani Murfat
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
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Abstract

Professionalism is a fundamental competency in medical education that encompasses ethical values, attitudes, and behaviors necessary to maintain public trust and ensure quality patient care. Ethics-based learning has increasingly been recognized as an important educational approach for fostering professional attitudes among medical students. This literature review aimed to examine the role of ethics-based learning in shaping the professional attitudes of medical professional education students. The study employed a literature review approach by systematically searching scientific publications through Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate using keywords related to ethics-based learning, medical education, and professionalism. Articles published within the last five to ten years and relevant to ethics education and medical professionalism were selected, analyzed, and synthesized. The review of eleven key studies revealed that ethics-based learning contributes positively to students’ understanding of the principles of medical ethics, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Educational approaches such as case-based discussions, ethical reflection, blended learning, experiential learning, and team-based learning were found to enhance ethical awareness, ethical reasoning, empathy, integrity, responsibility, communication skills, patient confidentiality, and commitment to patient safety. The effectiveness of ethics-based learning was further strengthened by clinical exposure, positive role models, supportive learning environments, and constructive feedback. However, several challenges remain, including curriculum time constraints, variations in teaching methods, and inconsistencies in professionalism assessment.
Literature Review: The Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Nutritional Intake on Anemia in Pregnant Women Annisa Rahmawati Septiani M. Ali; Irmayanti Haidir Bima; Syahruni Syahrir
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
Publisher : ScieClouds Publishing

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Abstract

Anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. This condition is influenced by multiple factors, especially socioeconomic status and nutritional intake, which may affect maternal hemoglobin levels and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the influence of socioeconomic status and nutritional intake on the incidence of anemia among pregnant women. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PICOS framework and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles were searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, ProQuest, and other scientific sources, with publication years ranging from 2020 to 2025. The inclusion criteria covered full-text peer-reviewed articles written in Indonesian or English, using cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control designs, and focusing on pregnant women and anemia-related socioeconomic or nutritional factors. From 1,250 initially identified articles, 15 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. The review showed that low education, limited family income, informal employment, rural residence, poor access to health services, and inadequate antenatal care were associated with a higher risk of anemia in pregnancy. Nutritional factors, including insufficient intake of iron, protein, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium, and low dietary diversity, were also strongly related to reduced hemoglobin levels. These findings indicate that anemia in pregnant women is influenced by the interaction between socioeconomic conditions and nutritional adequacy. Therefore, prevention strategies should integrate nutrition improvement, iron-folic acid supplementation, health education, socioeconomic support, and improved access to antenatal care.
Accuracy of the Bi-Rads Classification on Ultrasonography in Predicting Malignancy of Breast Lesions Based on Histopathology: A Literature Review Zahra Noor Khaerani Hazmin; Febie Irsandy Syahrudin; Dian Fahmi Utami
Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health
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Abstract

Breast cancer remains a major health concern, and early detection is essential for improving treatment outcomes. Ultrasonography combined with the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is widely used to assess breast lesions and estimate their risk of malignancy. This literature review aimed to analyze the accuracy of BI-RADS classification on breast ultrasonography in predicting malignancy based on histopathological examination as the gold standard. A narrative literature review was conducted using articles retrieved from PubMed/NCBI, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, the Cochrane Library, and other relevant scientific sources. Articles published within the last five years were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 20 relevant articles were included and narratively synthesized. The findings showed that BI-RADS ultrasonography generally demonstrated high sensitivity, ranging from 83% to 98.4%, whereas specificity varied from 25.0% to 93.8%. The likelihood of histopathologically confirmed malignancy increased progressively with higher BI-RADS categories. BI-RADS 3 was predominantly associated with benign lesions, BI-RADS 4 showed heterogeneous malignancy risks requiring subdivision into categories 4A, 4B, and 4C, and BI-RADS 5 was strongly associated with malignancy. Variations in diagnostic performance were influenced by the BI-RADS cutoff, lesion characteristics, breast density, operator experience, equipment quality, population characteristics, and study design. In conclusion, BI-RADS ultrasonography is an effective tool for breast lesion risk stratification, particularly because of its high sensitivity. However, it cannot replace histopathological examination, which remains necessary for definitive diagnosis, especially for BI-RADS 4 and 5 lesions.

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