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Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research
Published by Penerbit Hellow Pustaka
ISSN : -     EISSN : 3063856     DOI : https://doi.org/10.61166/clean.v2i1.6
Core Subject : Health,
Dentistry Health Professions Nursing Public Health
FOCUS Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research accepts publication of scientific articles, research reports and scientific book reviews in the field of Health Sciences and Medical Research. SCOPE Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research contains research articles from students, lecturers, researchers and practitioners. Specifically, articles within the scope of the field: Public health Science Epidemiology Enviromental Health Health and Behavior Education Public Policy Administration Community Nutrition Occupational Health and Safety Public Reproductive Health Medicine Physiotherapy Medical education Research methodology Medical ethics Health Information Management
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Menejmen Informasi Kesehatan
Articles 7 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)" : 7 Documents clear
The Effectiveness of Herbal Therapy with Boiled Bay Leaves on Uric Acid Levels in Gout Patients at the Abang II Community Health Center Ni Kadek Krisna Candra Dewi; Ni Putu Diwyami; Ni Luh Kade Wiradani
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v3i1.16

Abstract

Gout is one of the metabolic disorders that commonly occurs in society, caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia). This condition can cause joint pain that interferes with daily activities so that it can reduce the quality of life of the sufferer. One potential non-pharmacological treatment alternative is the administration of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) boiled water. Bay leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils that are known to be able to lower uric acid levels naturally and effectively. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving bay leaf boiled water on reducing uric acid levels in hyperuricemia patients in the working area of the Abang II Health Center. This study uses a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-test and post-test design. A total of 8 samples were selected using the convenience sampling technique. The intervention carried out was by giving bay leaf boiling water twice a day for seven days. Uric acid levels were measured before and after the intervention using a GCU (Glucose Cholesterol Uric Acid) digital tool. The results of Wilcoxon's statistical test showed a significant decrease in uric acid levels after therapy p=0,011 (p < 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that bay leaf decoction is effective as a complementary therapy to reduce uric acid levels, and can be an alternative natural treatment that is cheap and has minimal side effects for the community.
Strengthening Rural Healthcare: Comparative Innovations and Localized Strategies for Capacity Building Fayaz Gul Mazloum Yar; Ezat Ullah Sail
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v3i1.17

Abstract

The rural healthcare system in Afghanistan faces significant challenges, including limited access to services, workforce shortages, and inadequate infrastructure. This study explores innovative capacity-building approaches from India, Rwanda, and Bangladesh to identify strategies applicable to Afghanistan’s context. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys, interviews, and secondary analysis of healthcare indicators. Findings reveal that geographic isolation, gender disparities in the workforce, and resource deficiencies are critical barriers to effective healthcare delivery. Lessons from international case studies highlight the potential of community health worker programs, task-shifting strategies, and telemedicine solutions to address these challenges. Notably, 85% of stakeholders supported adapting task-shifting models, while 74% advocated for telemedicine integration to improve access in remote areas. This study contributes to the academic discourse on health systems strengthening by providing actionable recommendations tailored to Afghanistan’s socio-cultural and geographic realities. It emphasizes the importance of gender-inclusive policies, community engagement, and technology-driven solutions in creating a resilient rural healthcare system. The findings offer a roadmap for policymakers and practitioners to enhance healthcare access and equity in underserved regions
Literature Review: Standardization of Dayak Onion Bulbs (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) and Garlic (Allium Sativum.) Sepbrilla Ananda Kusriadi
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v3i1.18

Abstract

Dayak onion (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.)) and garlic/shallot skin (Allium cepa L.) are medicinal plants that have long been used traditionally to treat various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, infections, and hypertension. Research related to these two ingredients shows that standardization processes, both specific and non-specific, are very important to ensure the quality and consistency of herbal products. The results of standardization of ethanol extract of Dayak onion bulbs showed low water content and drying loss, and a total flavonoid content of 1.2%. The content of active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and quinones has also been identified through phytochemical tests. In shallot skin, the IC₅₀ value against DPPH free radicals reached 152.65 µg/mL with high flavonoid levels (7.84 mg QE/g), while fermented garlic showed very high polyphenol and flavonoid contents (>12% and >2%). The demonstrated pharmacological activities include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, supported by the presence of key bioactive compounds. Thus, Dayak onion bulbs and garlic/shallot skins have great potential to be developed as raw materials for safe and effective standardized herbal medicines.
Food Security, Nutritional Challenges, and Prevention of Target Organ Damage in Afghanistan Azaraksh Abdul Hassib; Aliseena Yussufpur; Farzam Fraidoon
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v3i1.31

Abstract

Food security is a fundamental determinant of health and a critical factor in preventing chronic diseases and target organ damage. In Afghanistan, decades of conflict, economic instability, and climate-related crises have created severe food insecurity, limiting access to safe, nutrient-rich, and diverse foods. Insufficient nutrition contributes to malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and unhealthy dietary patterns, which exacerbate metabolic dysregulation and organ impairment. This study employed a narrative literature review and secondary data analysis of publications between 2020 and 2025, sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Evidence from epidemiological studies, systematic reviews, and global nutrition reports was synthesized to examine the biological and socio-economic mechanisms linking food insecurity to chronic disease and progressive organ damage. Findings indicate that food insecurity in Afghanistan is strongly associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic liver disorders. Dietary insufficiency, particularly low intake of micronutrients and reliance on energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, contributes to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction, accelerating structural and functional impairment in the heart, kidneys, liver, and brain. Vulnerable populations—including children, women, the elderly, and displaced households—are disproportionately affected. Strengthening Afghanistan’s food systems, expanding access to nutrient-rich foods, promoting balanced dietary patterns, and integrating nutrition-sensitive policies into chronic disease prevention strategies are essential to mitigate organ damage and improve long-term population health outcomes.
Study on Aromatherapy its Therapeutic Applications and Perception of People Towards its Use in Kashmir: A Sample Survey Syed Sabahat Ashraf; Bilal Ahmad Bhat; Aneequa Rafiquee; Nazia Fayaz Azad; Aasifa Akhter; Arshi Rafiq; Mir Misbah Sultan; Intizar Ahmad
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v3i1.19

Abstract

This paper delves into the holistic practice of aromatherapy, which harnesses the therapeutic potential of aromatic compounds in essential oils derived from medicinal plants to support physical, emotional, and mental health. The study conducted in Kashmir valley traces the historical roots of aromatherapy, emphasizing its revered role in ancient civilizations, where aromatic substances were utilized for their healing properties.  In this paper, a descriptive research design was used and a sample of 400 respondents (200 men and 200 women) was chosen for our study using probability technique (simple random sampling).  The instrument for data collection adopted for our study was a self-designed validated questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions. The data collected from our study was analyzed by applying descriptive as well as inferential statistical tools using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 21.0). The results of our study revealed that people in majority showed positive attitude towards the use of Aromatherapy.  The study showed that majority of male respondents under this study revealed that the main sources of awareness towards aromatherapy were friends (40.5%), followed by family (20.5%), followed by health care professional (16.5%), followed by internet (13.5%), followed by religious scholars (9.0%). Further, main sources of awareness towards aromatherapy among female respondents were friends (31.5%), followed by family (29.5%), followed by health care professional (27.5%), followed by internet (11.5%), followed by religious scholars (7.0%). Majority of male respondents’ understudy were of the opinion that aromatherapy improves mood (31.0%), helps in better sleep (19.5%, helps in relaxation (18.5%), helps in pain relief (17.5%) and supports immune system (13.5%). Whereas, majority of female respondents were of the opinion that aromatherapy improves mood (38.0%), helps in relaxation (21.0%), helps in pain relief (17.5%), helps in better sleep (17.0% and supports immune system (11.0%).  The study also highlighted the potential benefits of Aromatherapy and potential issues regarding use of aromatherapy.  It was concluded that majority of respondents understudy encourage public to use aromatherapy because of its physical and mental health benefits, as well as, its cost-effectiveness and low-risk procedure for man-aging stress, anxiety, and improving quality of sleep. Finally, researchers suggest that one must consult an expert before using aromatherapy.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Sulaimaniyah Registered Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study Ali Mohammed Karim Jabary; Abdullah Ezedeen Fakhraldeen; Koraz Kamil Tofiq; Anna Khasraw Mohamed
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v3i1.30

Abstract

Background: The dental profession faces a significant risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) contamination, highlighting the crucial role dentists play in controlling HBV cross-contamination. Objectives: To delve into various aspects related to HBV infection control among dentists including assessment of knowledge, examination of preventive measures, and exploration of attitudes. Methodology: In this observational cross-sectional study, a total of 100 dentists were interviewed regarding their knowledge, practice, and attitude towards HBV-positive patients in Sulaimaniyah city, Iraq between January 2024 to 2025. Data collection was carried out using google forms and later was inserted into Microsoft excel and IBM SPSS for analysis. Results: Majority of participants were aged 36-40 years (36%), married (51%), held a Master's degree (42%), had their own clinic (79%), being vaccinated for HBV (87%), received 3 doses of vaccination (61%), checked for antibodies after vaccination (55%), and had 2-7 years in practice (34%). There were a significant association between knowledge, attitude and practice (p=0.000), as 50% exhibited good knowledge, 2% had good attitude, and 20% has good practice. Overall, the majority of individuals had fair to good levels of knowledge, while attitudes and practices toward oral health varied, with a significant portion demonstrating poor levels. Also, a significant association (p<0.05) between knowledge and each of gender, age and qualification were seen, while attitude was significantly related to marital status only (p=0.032), and practice had no significant association with either variable. Conclusion: The strong association between knowledge, attitude and practice has important implications for healthcare policies and interventions. It suggests that improving dentists' knowledge about HBV may positively influence their attitudes towards HBV-positive patients and lead to better practices in terms of patient care and infection control measures.
Exploring Gender Based Challenges Faced By Female Healthcare Professionals Eman Sarwar; Sania Arshad; Rameen Rehman; Sana Arshad
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v3i1.32

Abstract

Female healthcare professionals continue to face gender-based challenges. These issues not only affect their professional growth and well-being but also have broader implications for healthcare quality and workforce sustainability. The present qualitative study aimed to explore gender-based challenges faced by female healthcare professionals in Pakistan and their impact on career progression and workplace experiences. A purposive sample of seven female healthcare professionals aged 25–40 years, working in various healthcare settings including hospitals and private clinics, was selected. Data was collected through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis, involving line-by-line coding followed by the development of themes. Findings revealed five major themes: uncomfortable workplace environment, injustice, gender inequality, male dominancy, and overcompensation. The study concludes that gender-based challenges significantly affect the professional experiences and career progression of female healthcare professionals in Pakistan. Addressing these issues through organizational policies and gender equity initiatives is essential to create a supportive and inclusive work environment.

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