Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies
Rainbow journal has commitment to exchange and share ideas as well as research findings from researchers. Also, it provides the interdisciplinary forum for the most recent innovations, trends, concerns, practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted in the field of Literature, Linguistics, and Cultural Studies:
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<![CDATA[Memory transfer as a medium to access intergenerational trauma across three generations in On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous by Ocean Vuong ]]>
<![CDATA[Chaniago, Annisa Tusa'diyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumaryani, Sri]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30109
<![CDATA[The novel depicts the effect of the Vietnam War on the three generations, both during and long after the war. This article aims to show the portrayal of intergenerational trauma by three generations in On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous by Ocean Vuong. Through this analysis, each traumatic memory that is passed down from generation to generation will be explored. This analysis uses a qualitative descriptive method with the post-memory theory proposed by Marianne Hirsch. In consideration of that, the researcher will find the portrayal of intergenerational trauma experienced by the three generations in the novel, which are interconnected with each other. The results of this analysis indicate that the first generation, Lan, has schizophrenia and PTSD; the second generation, Rose, also has PTSD and anger issues due to their miserable life during the war; the third generation, Little Dog, who did not experience the Vietnam War at all was also affected through the transfer of memories such as stories, dark jokes, and verbally and physically abusive behavior. Therefore, through a collection of letters written by Little Dog, he tells the dark story of his family and his struggle in facing all the memories given.]]>
<![CDATA[A syntactical analysis of sentence structures and types in the song lyrics of “To The Bone” and “Lathi” ]]>
<![CDATA[Al Bahy, Muhammad Ilmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Darmawan, Ruly Indra]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30141
<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the sentence structures and types found in two popular Indonesian songs written in English, “To the Bone” by Pamungkas and “Lathi” by Weird Genius ft. Sara Fajira, and to examine how the songwriters’ syntactic choices contribute to the song lyrics’ expressive impact. Using Carnie’s phrase structure rules (PSRs) for tree diagram constructions, the study identifies constituents, categories, and grammatical functions in the lyrics written by non-native English speakers, especially Indonesians. The results show that simple declarative sentences appear most frequently, with “To The Bone” containing 15 simple sentences within 39 declaratives and “Lathi” containing 9 simple sentences within 22 declaratives. Such syntactic patterns are commonly chosen for emotional clarity and accessibility. On the other hand, “To the Bone” also uses imperatives and interrogatives to enhance emotional engagement, whereas “Lathi” exclusively uses declaratives. Lastly, these songs use fragments and interjections to create emotional impact and support rhythmic flow. In conclusion, these results outline how non-native songwriters manipulate English syntax to create clear narratives and evoke strong emotions in the song lyrics.]]>
<![CDATA[Revealing the Colonial Hypocrisy: Racism and Identity on This Earth of Mankind ]]>
<![CDATA[Ryan, Patrick Maullana]]>;
<![CDATA[Darmawan, Ruly Indra]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30196
<![CDATA[This Earth of Mankind, a powerful literary work that explores the complexities of identity and the aftereffects of colonial domination, was published in 1980 by Indonesian author Pramodya Ananta Toer. The intricate web of power dynamics present in colonial nations is shown by the novel's examination of oppression. The story sheds light on the racial and social hierarchy that uphold the systematic oppression of the indigenous population, as well as the stark disparities that exist between the colonizers and the colonized. This essay highlights the diverse aspects of identity formation in a colonial setting. The novel's analysis of oppression demonstrates the complex web of power relations that existed in colonial countries. The narrative highlights the glaring differences between the colonizers and the colonized, as well as the racial and socioeconomic hierarchy that sustains the systematic subjugation of the indigenous population. It revolves around Minke, a native Javanese character who struggles with his multiple identities as an educated man navigating a Dutch-dominated society and as a representative of his indigenous culture. The various facets of identity creation in a colonial context are highlighted in this essay.]]>
<![CDATA[The role of interpersonal relationship in Nora Seed's psychological journey in The Midnight Library ]]>
<![CDATA[Chairunnisa, Salya Arwanda]]>;
<![CDATA[Sri Sumaryani]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30273
<![CDATA[Infants' early experiences with their mother or caregiver shape how they build relationships in the future and internalize the emotional experience of objects. The quality of relationships formed with significant others can influence psychological growth. Matt Haig's The Midnight Library depicts how Nora Seed, the main character in the novel, relates to important people in her life that affect her psychological state. This study aims to identify and explore how interpersonal relationships can affect Nora Seed's psychological conditions in Matt Haig's The Midnight Library. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, drawing on Klein's object relations theory, because it enables researchers to explore and analyze narratives and dialogues in depth and holistically through careful data collection and detailed analysis. The results of this study show that Nora Seed's initial relationship with her parents as caregivers influences the formation of relationships with other significant people. She viewed her parents with ambivalence and as "bad" objects. It formed a negative relationship with her significant others, so Nora experienced problems in her psychological state, such as depression, emotional instability, loss of reason to live, etc.]]>
<![CDATA[A Portrayal of the Main Characters' Change of Persistence in Little Women and Little Men by Louisa May Alcott ]]>
<![CDATA[Maharani, Indah Amanda]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumaryani, Sri]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30289
<![CDATA[The Victorian era had a profound impact on the lives of women during that period. However, with the persistence in achieving dreams, the norm was slightly broken. Persistence is a characteristic that shows one's behavior to maintain perseverance and enthusiasm in achieving goals. The character of persistence is marked by a strong and tireless consistency in the effort to achieve something. Little Women portrays the persistence of the main character, who lives in the Victorian era. This study aims to describe the persistence of the main character in the novel Little Women, who finally broke her word and chose a new path in life in the novel Little Men. The method used is qualitative research using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory. In this study, Jo shows persistence in achieving her dreams and succeeding, but the environment and ego continue to develop so that Jo begins to break her own words.]]>
<![CDATA[Promises and Lies: Speech Act Analysis of Character Dialogue in The Great Gatsby ]]>
<![CDATA[Septiandiko, Ergi Wian]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanti, Rahayu Puji]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30333
<![CDATA[Characters in literature perform actions that influence stories in addition to communicating information. Scholars have yet to fully examine the speech act aspect of character interactions in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. In order to close this gap, this study looks at how lies and promises in The Great Gatsby serve as illocutionary acts that highlight important themes and disclose interpersonal dynamics. The analysis, which is based on Speech Act Theory (Austin and Searle), focusses on insincere assertives (lies) and commissives (promises) in a few dialogue exchanges, especially those involving Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan. The study explores how characters' verbal promises and lies propel the story and represent themes of delusion, idealism, treachery, and the American Dream through a qualitative analysis of these exchanges. The analysis shows that Daisy's broken promises and Gatsby's extravagant promises and made-up backstory are more than just empty rhetoric; they deliberately create illusions and reveal hidden power dynamics and emotional undertones in the relationships between the characters. Fitzgerald's criticism of illusion and disillusionment is ultimately highlighted by this pragmatic lens, which also demonstrates how crucial the speech acts of characters that promise and lie are to comprehending the novel's messages about trust, treachery, and the American Dream.]]>
<![CDATA[Defeating racism on African-Americans through music statements and achievements: An analysis of severals Kendrick Lamar’s album ]]>
<![CDATA[Manik, Kosmas Merguna Ganda]]>;
<![CDATA[Istiani, Imas]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30358
<![CDATA[This article examines how Kendrick Lamar’s music serves as a powerful confronting and defeating racism against African Americans through his lyrical statements and artistic achievements. Focusing on several of his seminal albums including Section.80, good kid, m.A.A.d city, To Pimp a Butterfly, and DAMN.—the analysis highlights Lamar’s incisive critique of systemic and institutionalized racism, police brutality, and cultural marginalization. His work not only exposes the structural inequalities faced by Black communities but also explores themes of identity, resilience, and empowerment, offering a nuanced portrayal of African-American life in contemporary America. By unpacking key songs and their socio-political contexts, this study reveals how Lamar’s music transcends entertainment to become a form of cultural resistance and social activism. Moreover, the article discusses the broader impact of Lamar’s achievements, including his role in shaping public discourse on race and inspiring collective empowerment within and beyond the African-American community. Ultimately, this analysis situates Kendrick Lamar as a pivotal figure whose artistic contributions significantly advance the struggle against racism through the transformative power of music.]]>
<![CDATA[Family Conflict Behind Childhood Depression: A Psychoanalytic Approach of the Main Character in Some Kind of Happiness by Claire Legrand ]]>
<![CDATA[Dewayani, Anggita Galuh]]>;
<![CDATA[Sumaryani, Sri]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30365
<![CDATA[This study explores how family conflict contributes to childhood depression through the portrayal of Finley's psychological structure in Claire Legrand's novel Some Kind of Happiness. Using Sigmund Freud's theory of personality—comprising the id, ego, and superego—this research examines how Finley's internal struggles reflect the emotional consequences of her parents' marital breakdown. Unlike previous studies, which have applied Freud's theory more broadly to symbolic or moral behaviour across multiple characters, this study offers a focused, in-depth psychoanalytic reading of a single child protagonist. Employing a qualitative descriptive method and a psychological approach, the analysis reveals that Finley's id expresses unconscious impulses driven by sadness and anxiety. At the same time, her ego serves as a mediator between these emotional needs and external expectations. Her superego, shaped by internalised family norms, imposes guilt and shame for emotional vulnerability. The conflict between these three components mirrors the tension within Finley's family and contributes to her emotional repression and depressive symptoms. This study highlights how literature can reflect the psychological impact of family dynamics on children, and how psychoanalytic theory offers valuable insights for understanding emotional trauma in young literary characters. ]]>
<![CDATA[Abandonment Issue in the Main Character of Joan G. Robinson's When Marnie Was There ]]>
<![CDATA[Qonita, Marita Inas]]>;
<![CDATA[Margawati, Prayudias]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30536
<![CDATA[Family plays a critical role in shaping a child’s psychological development. An ideal family consists of each member fulfilling their assigned role. The absence of stability and love that a family offers can lead to long-term effects on children, especially if it happens to an infant. Joan G. Robinson’s When Marnie Was there explores the psychological struggles around children who experience separation from their primary caregiver and their inability to receive a secure environment. Therefore, this study aims to do an in-depth analysis on psychological problems of the main character who experience abandonment issue and what factors cause her to experience abandonment issue. This study uses qualitative methods by applying John Bowlby’s attachment theory and Carl Jung’s psychoanalytic theory, especially about insecure attachment. The novel shows how the abandonment issue was described and what factors cause it through the main character of the novel. The separation and instability that the main character experiences in her early childhood shapes how the main character perceives the world. It reflects Bowlby's attachment theory that psychological development of a person is shaped by what they experience in their infant phase, even if they can’t remember what happened and also represents Jung’s archetypes. ]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Consumer Dependence in Confessions of Shopaholic by Sophie Kinsella ]]>
<![CDATA[Prinanintyas, Trisnasari Wahyu]]>;
<![CDATA[Margawati, Prayudias]]>
<![CDATA[ Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies Vol. 14 (2025): Special Edition ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/rainbow.v14i.30537
<![CDATA[Human needs are essential for mental well-being and determining the direction in life. Failure to meet these needs may result in individuals experiencing emotional instability, identity confusion, and internal conflict. Sophie Kinsella's novel Confessions of a Shopaholic illustrates this dilemma through the character Rebecca Bloomwood, whose compulsive purchasing transcends mere lifestyle; it signifies deeper mental health concerns. The objective of this study is to examine the psychological challenges encountered by the main character and how her behavior is influenced by unfulfilled needs, particularly those pertaining to self-esteem and belongingness. This research employs a qualitative methodology grounded in psychological literacy critique and Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. An in-depth examination and textual analysis of the argument reveals that Rebecca Bloomwood undergoes two significant psychological phases: the emotional turmoil phase, characterized by unmet wants, and the nascent self-awareness phase, during which she tries to take charge of her life again. The character’s journey shows that psychological needs must be met from the inside, not the outside. Rebecca’s story shows how hard it is to live in a culture where appearances and social standing can change who you are.]]>
