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Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology Starting for 2010 Atom Indonesia published three times a year in April, August, and December The scope of this journal covers experimental and analytical research in all areas of nuclear science and technology. including nuclear physics, reactor physics, radioactive waste treatment, fuel element development, radioisotopes and radio pharmaceutical engineering, nuclear and radiation safety, neutron scattering, material science and technology, as well as utilization of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, industry, health and environment.

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Articles 452 Documents

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Appendix Atom Indonesia Vol 42 No 2 appendix appendix
Atom Indonesia Vol 42, No 2 (2016): August 2016
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Study of 99mTc Pertechnetate Radiopharmaceuticals in Relation to Thyroid Hormone for Toxic and non-Toxic Diffuse Goiter N.P. Viantri; W. Setiabudi; C. Anam; F. Nadzir; C. Varuna
Atom Indonesia Vol 38, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Abnormalities of the thyroid gland in the form of enlargement of the thyroid gland are called a goiter. Goiter is divided into two types, namely toxic and non-toxic diffuse goiter. Diagnosis could be done with thyroid scan (in vivo) and test for thyroid hormone value (in vitro). Thyroid scan is applied by giving injection of 99mTc Pertechnetate as much as 2 - 5 mCi intravenally in the arm and then thyroid gland and salivary glands imaging were conducted in the fifth minute, tenth minute and fifteenth minute using gamma camera. Thyroid hormones test in blood is done with radioimmunoassay method. The same pattern showed the accumulation polad of the radioactive number from quotation of salivary glands. The accumulation percentage activity of 99mTc Pertechnetate in thyroid gland for the case of toxic diffuse goiter is larger than the case of non-toxic diffuse goiter. The results of this study indicate that the predictors for the case of toxic diffuse goiter could be characterized by high thyroid uptake which the the value of T3 hormone ≥ 3.3 ng/dl, the value of T4 hormone ≥ 165 nmol/l, and the value of TSH hormone ≤ 0.2 μIU/ml. While the case of non-toxic diffuse goiter could be characterized by low thyroid uptake which the value of T3 hormone ≥ 1.2 ng/dl, the value of T4 hormone ≥ 90 nmol/l, and the value of TSH hormone ≤ 1.8 μIU/ml. Received: 14 November 2011; Revised: 18 April 2012; Accepted: 21 April 2012

Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Induced Dicentric Chromosome and Micronuclei in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for Preliminary Reconstruction of Cytogenetic Biodosimetry M. Syaifudin; Y. Lusiyanti; S. Purnami; Y.S Lee; C.M. Kang
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Cytological biodosimetry methodology has been widely used for determining and estimating the precise irradiation dose received by victims in the situation of emergency irradiation exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the gamma-ray induced dicentric chromosomes and micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes for preliminary reconstruction of cytogenetic biodosimetry. The study was performed by exposing blood samples taken from seven healthy donors to gamma rays at dose range of 0.1 to 4.0 Gy, followed by culturing them for 48-72 hours at 37 °C by the standard technique. After being harvested, the chromosome spread at metaphase and MN were stained with Giemsa's solution. The results showed that the frequency of both dicentrics and MN of samples were increased with the increase of radiation dose. Considerable increases of both cytologic damages were found in the samples exposed to higher doses (>2 Gy). Significant differences (p>0.05) only found in mean frequencies of MN for all doses tested. Reconstruction of the relationship of these frequencies with doses was found to follow linear-quadratic curve lines and was consistent with that of other studies. Due to the aforementioned advantages namely the dependence of radiation dose and dose rate on the frequency of of both dicentric and MN, despite some limitations, these assays have been found to be suitable to be used as biological dosimetry. It is concluded that in order for this cytogenetic biodosimety method by means of scoring/assessing the radiation-induced dicentrics and MN could be used in radiation emergency and protection, and further studies with larger numbers of samples need to be done.Received: 12 November 2015; Revised: 18 Mei 2016; Accepted: 08 December 2016

On the Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constant of the Bimolecular Reaction of Two Hydrated Electrons S.L. Butarbutar; Y. Muroya; L.M. Kohan; S. Sanguanmith; J. Meesungnoen; J.-P. Jay-Gerin
Atom Indonesia Vol 39, No 2 (2013): August 2013
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

It has been a longstanding issue in the radiation chemistry of water that, even though H2 is a molecular product, its “escape” yield g(H2) increases with increasing temperature. A main source of H2 is the bimolecular reaction of two hydrated electrons (e-aq). The temperature dependence of the rate constant of this reaction (k1), measured under alkaline conditions, reveals that the rate constant drops abruptly above ~150°C. Recently, it has been suggested that this temperature dependence should be regarded as being independent of pH and used in high-temperature modeling of near-neutral water radiolysis. However, when this drop in the e-aq self-reaction rate constant is included in low (isolated spurs) and high (cylindrical tracks) linear energy transfer (LET) modeling calculations, g(H2) shows a marked downward discontinuity at ~150°C which is not observed experimentally. The consequences of the presence of this discontinuity in g(H2) for both low and high LET radiation are briefly discussed in this communication. It is concluded that the applicability of the sudden drop in k1 observed at ~150°C in alkaline water to near-neutral water is questionable and that further measurements of the rate constant in pure water are highly desirable.Received:13 June 2013; Revised: 27 August 2013; Accepted: 28 August 2013

Comparative Analysis of Direct and Indirect 131I Measurement Methods from the Stack to Outdoor G. Suhariyono; B Bunawas
Atom Indonesia Vol 43, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

The radioisotope production facility at PUSPIPTEK Serpong produces and processes 131I that can disperse to the settlements (community) and the environment around the Serpong Nuclear Area (SNA). 131I is produced routinely for medical uses in hospitals and pharmacies, for both domestic uses and export. 131I is a beta and gamma emitting radioactive material and can cause thyroid cancer. The problem was that there was so far no research and in-depth assessment of the aerial dispersion of 131I radioactivity emitted from the radioisotope production stack to the environment at actual conditions. The research was conducted through simultaneous measurement of 131I radioactivity in the stack of the 131I radioisotope production facility, Serpong, and outdoor in house courtyards around SNA in normal condition (no accident) based on the variations of the distance and wind direction. Direct measurements were carried out with a portable in-situ NaI(Tl) detector at outdoor, and with a LaBr3 detector in the stack. Indirect measurements were carried out by using charcoal filter and vacuum pump in the stack and outdoor. The direct measurement method has many advantages over the indirect measurement. The direct measurement method was found to be more accurate, less expensive, easier to operate, needing just one operator in its implementation, portable, and can be operated continuously and for long durations. The overall activity concentrations of 131I on average obtained by either direct or indirect method were still below the upper limit of 131I activity concentration in the air (530 Bq/m3) stipulated by the Regulation of the Chairman of BAPETEN (Perka BAPETEN) No. 7/2013.

Induced Mutation on Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas L.) for Improvement of Agronomic Characters Variability Ita Dwimahyani; . Ishak
Atom Indonesia Vol 30, No 2 (2004): July 2004
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Induced mutation can be used for improving quality in term of seed production, oil content in seed and early maturity of Jatropha with the aim for bio_diesel in Indonesia. The doses of 10, 15,20, and 25 Gy of gamma applied to cuttings was able to increase genetic variability in vegetatively propagated plants of Jatropha at M1V1 (mutant-vegetative-1) generation. Selection for desirable trait will be done at M1 V2 (mutant-1 and vegetative-2) generation untill homogenous plants obtained. Gamma rays at dose of 20 to 25 Gy damaged several genes controlling growth and development on Jatropha which was shown by dwarf and poor plant growth compared to control (plant without irradiation). Irradiation with the dose of 10 Gy raised genetic variability on plant development which was identified with early maturity, 100 seeds weight was 30% over control, and the number of branch growth was good

The Role of X-Ray Diffraction for Analyzing Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe Alloys as Power Reactor Fuel Cladding Sugondo Sugondo
Atom Indonesia Vol 36, No 2 (2010): August 2010
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Synthesis of Zr-1%Nb-1%Sn-1%Fe alloy is undertaken in order to develop fuel cladding alloy at high burn-up. Powder specimens of Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe alloy were prepared and then formed into pellets with a dimension of 10 mm in height 10 mm in diameter using a pressure of 1.2 ton/cm2. The 5 gram green pellets were then melted in an arc furnace crucible under argon atmosphere. The pressure in the furnace was set at 2 psi and the current was 50 A. Afterwards, the ingots were heated at a temperature of 1100°C for 2 hours and subsequently quenched in water. The ingots then underwent annealing at temperatures of 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 750°C for 2 hours. The specimens were analyzed using X-ray diffraction in order to construct diffractograms. Results of the diffraction patterns were fitted with data from JCPDF (Joint Committee Powder Diffraction File) to determine the type of crystals in the elements or substances. The greater the crystallite dimension, the smaller the dislocation density. Agreeable results for hardening or strengthening were obtained at annealing temperatures of 500°C and 700, whereas for softening or residual stress at 600°C and 750°C. The nucleation of the secondary phase precipitate (SPP) was favourable at annealing temperatures of 400°C, 500°C, and 700°C. For Zr-1%Nb-1%Sn-1%Fe alloy with annealing temperatures between 400°C to 800°C, precipitates of Fe2Nb, ZrSn2,FeSn, SnZr, NbSn2, Zr0.68Nb0.25Fe0.08, Fe2Nb0.4Zr0.6, Fe37Nb9Zr54, and ω-Zr were observed. Satisfactory precipitate stabilization was achieved at annealing temperature of 800°C, growth of precipitates at temperature between 500°C to 600°C, and minimization of precipitate size at 700°C.Received: 20 November 2009; Revised: 31 August 2010; Accepted: 31 August 2010

Present Status of Marine Radioecology in Jakarta Bay H. Suseno; B Budiawan; M Muslim; M. Makmur; M. N. Yahya
Atom Indonesia Vol 44, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Operation of nuclear facilities such as research reactor and it’s supporting installation in Serpong Nuclear Area may release controlled radionuclides to Cisadane River and then it would flow to Jakarta Bay. There are limited marine radioecology studies or radionuclides monitoring at Jakarta Bay. Therefore monitoring of 239/240Pu and 137Cs was carried out from Tanjung Pasir to Tanjung Kerawang. The ERICA Assessment Tool was used to evaluate radiological risk in the marine environment of Jakarta Bay area. The 137Cs concentration in sea water and sea sediments were in range of 0.17 – 1.17 Bq.m-3 and 0.34 – 1.21 Bq.kg-1, respectively. Moreover, result of 239/240Pu measurement showed that concentration at sea water and sea sediment were range from < MDA – 0.53 mBq.m-3 and 2.64 – 55.70 mBq.kg-1 respectively. The results of risk analysis were indicated that all the total dose rates per organism were millions time lower than the screening rate (10 mGy.h-1).

Natural Radioactivity in Some Food Crops from Bangka-Belitung Islands, Indonesia Syarbaini Syarbaini; A. Warsona; D. Iskandar
Atom Indonesia Vol 40, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Natural radioactivities of food crops are the main sources of internal radiation exposure in humans. Bangka-Belitung islands of Indonesia has a higher natural background radioactivity than typical areas because of tin mining activities.The study was carried out to evaluate the natural radioactivity concentration in several food crops grown in Bangka and Belitung Islands. Food samples collected from Bangka and Belitung Islands were analyzed by means of a gamma spectroscopy for natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. The annual intake of the food was estimated on the basis of their average annual consumption. Calculations were also made to determine the effective dose to an individual consuming such diets. The intakes of these radionuclides were calculated using the concentrations in Bangka-Belitung foods and annual consumption rates of these food. Annual intakes of these radionuclides were as follows: 226Ra = 190.00; 232Th = 633.79 and 40K = 2065.10 Bq/year. The annual internal dose resulting from ingestion of radionuclides in food was 0.205 mSv/year which is much lower than annual dose limit of 1 mSv for general public. The radionuclides with highest consumption is 40K followed by 232Th and 226Ra.Received: 21 October 2013; Revised: 22 April 2014; Accepted: 28 April 2014

Surface Roughness and Grain Size Characterization of Annealing Temperature Effect For Growth Gallium and Tantalum Doped Ba0.5 Sr0.5TiO3Thin Film Irzaman Irzaman; H. Darmasetiawan; H. Hardhienata; M. Hikam; P. Arifin; S.N. Jusoh; S. Taking; Z. Jamal; M.A. Idris
Atom Indonesia Vol 35, No 1 (2009): January 2009
Publisher : PPIKSN-BATAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/aij.2009.48

Thin films 10 % gallium oxide doped barium strontium titanate (BGST) and 10 % tantalum oxide doped barium strontium titanate (BTST) were prepared on p-type Si (100) substrates using chemical solution deposition (CSD) method with 1.00 M precursor. The films were deposited by spin coating method with spinning speed at 3000 rpm for 30 seconds. The post deposition annealing of the films were carried out in a furnace at 200oC, 240oC, 280oC (low temperature) for 1 hour in oxygen gas atmosphere. The surface roughness and grain size analysis of the grown thin films are described by atomic force microscope (AFM) method at 5000 nm x 5000 nm area. The rms surface roughness BGST thin films at 5000 nm x 5000 nm area are 0.632 nm, 0.564 nm, 0.487 nm for temperature 200oC, 240oC, 280oC, respectively, whereas the grain size (mean diameter) are 238.4 nm, 219.0 nm, 185.1 nm for temperature 200oC, 240oC, 280oC, respectively. In fact, to increase annealing temperature from 200oC to 280oC would result in decreasing the rms roughness and grain size. Therefore, rms roughness and grain size would have the strong correlation annealing temperature. Received: 9 November 2008; Revised: 24 August 2009; Accepted: 25 August 2009

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