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INDONESIA
METAL
Published by Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang
ISSN : 29882206     EISSN : 29882214     DOI : XX.XXXXX
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Control & Systems Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering
METAL (Mechanical, Energy and Material): Menyambut baik kiriman yang memberikan wawasan tentang masalah terkini dan utama yang berhubungan dengan studi Mekanika, Energi dan Material. Jurnal ini menyediakan tempat bagi para peneliti untuk berdiskusi, mengejar dan mempromosikan pengetahuan di bidang-bidang yang muncul dan berkembang dalam studi ilmu Mekanika, Energi dan Material. Artikel bisa ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris atau bahasa Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Mesin
Articles 25 Documents
 1   2   3 
THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN THE COMPOSITION OF CANDLENUT SHELLS AND BAGASSE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BRIQUETTES Ayudhia Gina Mawaddha; Mietra Anggara
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i2.33

Abstract

Currently, the world is facing a critical energy shortage. Every year, there is an increasing number of human activities that require fuel, especially oil-based fuels. Briquettes are one of the alternative energy sources that can be used to replace some of the uses of kerosene. The biomass used in this research consists of candlenut shells, sugarcane bagasse, and tapioca flour as a binder. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of briquette composition on the characteristic values of the briquettes. The tests conducted in this research include: calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content. The research results show that the highest calorific value in this study is found in sample 4, with a composition of 90% candlenut shells and 10% binder, with a calorific value of 5329 cal/g. For the composition of 30% sugarcane bagasse and 60% candlenut shells, the moisture content is 6.26%. The ash content is 1.23% for the composition of 30% sugarcane bagasse and 60% candlenut shells. The volatile matter content is 28.22% for the composition of 90% candlenut shells and 10% binder. Lastly, the fixed carbon content is 28.22% for the composition of 60% sugarcane bagasse and 30% candlenut shells.
ANALYSIS OF VARIATION IN HEAT CONDUCTING PIPE POSITION AND AIR VELOCITY ON DRYING RATE, MOISTURE CONTENT AND DRYING EFFICIENCY OF TAPIOCA CRACKERS Amriadi Amriadi; Mietra Anggara
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i2.37

Abstract

One of the essential processes in the production of krupuk (crackers) is the drying process, commonly carried out using traditional sun-drying methods. Effective drying necessitates even heat distribution, which can be challenging to achieve with direct sun drying due to weather fluctuations. However, with technological advancements, natural drying methods have been improved to enhance drying efficiency. Moreover, the development of drying equipment has shifted from natural drying to forced drying using the principle of fluidization. Experimental testing of the heat pipe position and air velocity can be conducted to understand the heat One of the essential processes in the production of krupuk (crackers) is the drying process, commonly carried out using traditional sun-drying methods. Effective drying necessitates even heat distribution, which can be challenging to achieve with direct sun drying due to weather fluctuations. However, with technological advancements, natural drying methods have been improved to enhance drying efficiency. Moreover, the development of drying equipment has shifted from natural drying to forced drying using the principle of fluidization. Experimental testing of the heat pipe position and air velocity can be conducted to understand the heat distribution during the drying process. The objective of this research is to investigate the variation of heat pipe positions and air velocities' influence on the drying rate, moisture content, and drying efficiency of krupuk. The study involves three research variables: Independent Variables: a. Designing the heat pipe in a vertical position. b. Designing the heat pipe in a horizontal position. Air Velocity: a. Air velocity of 2 m/s. b. Air velocity of 1.5 m/s. c. Air velocity of 1 m/s. Based on the comparison of values from the two positions, it was found that the vertical heat pipe resulted in the best drying rate of 1.65 g/minute, while the horizontal heat pipe yielded 1.67 g/minute. Regarding moisture content, the vertical heat pipe had a value of 3.6%, while the horizontal pipe had 2.6%. For the best efficiency, the vertical heat pipe achieved 1.9%, and the horizontal pipe achieved 2%. It can be concluded that the drying rate and moisture reduction significantly affect the efficiency of the kerupuk drying machine. The higher the quantity of material dried, the higher the efficiency achieved with the same fuel.
ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF AN INDOOR AUTONOMOUS MOBILE ROBOT LOCALIZATION UTILIZING A RFID READER MFRC522 Harsa Dhani
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i1.38

Abstract

To properly navigate inside a factory or a building, a mobile robot should know its position relative to the working environment. The estimation of the robot position based on sensors interpretation is called localization. One particular method of localization is by the utilization of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags mounted on the floor and a RFID reader and an antenna installed on the robot. When the robot reads a particular tag, the robot can estimate its position. The aim of this research is to examine the accuracy and the precision of mobile robot localization equipped with RFID reader MFRC522 which detects chip less tag MIFARE S50. A mobile robot with four wheels was put on a position and a tag along with a ruler was attached on 60 cm ahead. When the robot detected the tag, it stopped, and the stop positions were recorded for accuracy and precision. The robot gained accuracy of 6,3 cm and precision of between 0,867 cm dan 1,263 cm. The prominent factors affecting inaccuracy and imprecision were the robot speed and the lack of braking mechanism. However, the results are still reasonable for indoor mobile robot application in relative to the robot size.
PROTOTYPE DESIGN OF PLATE ROLLER MACHINE Danang Murdiyanto; Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu; Bernadus Daniel Wahyu Prasetya
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i1.39

Abstract

Current development of manufacturing industry is expected to have a good and innovative system. Machine planning is a very important part in determining the manufacturing process. Machine prototypes are very important in model and product development, because they can help a designer to evaluate processes, machine performance, and product developments. In this study, a prototype design of a plate roll machine was made. One of the manufacturing processes that is widely used in companies and home industries is the rolling process. Plate roll machine prototype design to find suitable dimensions. The plate roll machine prototype will be made using a 3D printing machine with Polylatic Acid (PLA) material. The prototype plate rolling machine uses a synchronous electric motor type 60KTYZ which has a power of 14 watts and a rotation of 15 rpm. The prototype of this plate rolling machine was tested using aluminum plate as raw material with a length of 820 mm, a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The test results with a given compressive force of 75 N, namely a deflection of 9 mm with a rolling speed of 0.02 m/s. In the equilibrium test, it is produced by calculating structural statics that the action forces and reaction forces are proven to be balanced.
DIFFERENCES IN TEMPERATURE OF SOLAR COLLECTORS USING PAINT WITH A MIXTURE OF COCONUT SHELL CARBON AND PALM SHELL Nereus Tugur Redationo; Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu; Febri Valen Herwinsha
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i1.40

Abstract

Coconut shell carbon and palm shell carbon which undergo a pyrolysis process at 1000oC were used as coatings for solar collectors. The two carbons were tested by SEM to determine their composition. Coconut shell carbon and palm shell carbon were mixed with paint as a coating on the aluminum surface of the solar collector. Aluminum alloy carbon paint was tested for temperature on the surface and bottom. The results of the SEM test, solar collector temperature test and discussion were the basis for knowing the carbon layer content of palm shells, coconut shells and without carbon layers. The results of the SEM test obtained the carbon content of palm shells 86.2% C and coconut shells 92.3% C. The results of the solar collector temperature test for 7 days, on the top surface of the palm shell was 3oC and the bottom surface was 0.9oC. High carbon content indicates a change in temperature in the solar collector.
2025 ALUMINUM COATING USING CARBON POWDER WITH TEMPERATURE OF 600°C, 700°C AND 800°C USING HEAT TREATMENT METHOD Antonius Prisma Jalu Permana; Nereus Tugur Redationo; Emilianus Chris Welafubun
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i1.41

Abstract

Aluminum coating in Indonesia is one of the business fields that has experienced an increase in development and rapid progress starting from the type of coating used to produce coatings that also vary. The purpose of this study was to determine the hot temperatures of 600°C, 700°C and 800°C in the aluminum coating process uses carbon powder and determines the effective hardness values ​​at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C. Test result hardness shows that the highest average hardness value is at a temperature of 600°C of 68.6 Hv and the lowest average hardness value is at a temperature of 800°C which is equal to 51.7 Hv
EFFECT OF REGULATOR VALVE OPENING VARIATIONS AND AIR SPEED ON DRYING RATE, FUEL CONSUMPTION, DRYING EFFICIENCY IN ANCHIE DRYING MACHINE Rais Rais; Mietra Anggara
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i1.42

Abstract

Indonesia is a maritime country, rich in marine resources and marine biodiversity and non-biological diversity which spreads over 3,351 million km2 of sea area and 2,936 km2 of water area of the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf (BPS, 2018). The natural conditions of this vast sea are utilized by all people in Indonesia, including the people of Labuhan Bajo Village, Sumbawa. Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) is one of the marine commodities developed as a superior economic commodity. Many efforts have been made by anchovy fishermen and collectors in an effort to maintain and develop anchovy processing, one of which is the drying process. This study aims to determine the effect of lpg gas regulator valve opening and air velocity on moisture content, fuel consumption, efficiency and drying rate of anchovy drying machine. The variables used are the variation of the regulator valve opening and the air exhaled by the fan from outside with speeds of 1.5 m/s, 2 m/s and 2.5 m/s. The results obtained in this study were that the highest drying rate was produced by the valve opening with a duration of 120 minutes with a drying rate of 0.630 g/min at an air speed of 2.5 m/s. Testing the water content by looking at the results of the anchovy samples and the results of the highest amount of water content, namely in the variation of valve opening 1 with a water content value of 19.12% at an inlet air speed of 2.5 m/s with a duration of drying time of 120 minutes. The highest efficiency value at 3/4 valve opening with a speed of 2 m/s with an inlet channel of 1 cm is 84.66%. Fuel consumption from the results of anchovy drying test with a temperature of 70 ℃ where the drying time is the fastest in accordance with the SNI quality standards for anchovy water content, namely opening the regulator valve 3/4 for 120 minutes, using 0.95 kg of gas.
CALCULATION ANALYSIS OF HEAT CONDUCTIVITY AND AVERAGE HEAT RATE IN CARBON COMPOSITES Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu; Nereus Tugur Redationo; Febri Valen Herwinsha
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i2.79

Abstract

Carbon is the material most often used in the manufacture of composite materials. Carbon has a fairly high heat conductivity when it is in the form of graphite of 119-165 W.K/m. However, carbon is difficult to form, so another material that has formability is needed. This study used a mixture of carbon, ceramic and wood glue (PVAc) with variations in the main composition of 65% carbon for specimens 1,2,3 and 65% ceramic for specimens 4,5,6. Testing of all specimens was carried out by heating for 30 minutes, followed by temperature data collection every minute. The data that has been obtained is then calculated to determine the value of heat conductivity and average heat rate of each specimen. The highest value of heat conductivity and average heat rate was produced by specimen 2 with a composition of 65% carbon, 15% ceramic and 20% PVAc, where the value for heat conductivity was 95.346 W.K/m and for a heat rate of 206.7 Watt/second. Carbon can increase the conductivity value and heat rate, but if it is mixed with other materials it will certainly be affected, where ceramic affects the surface of the specimen which can cause cracks and reduces the value of the specimen's thermal resistance, while PVAc affects the reduction of surface cracks due to ceramic hardness when heated but can also become insulator in the specimen when bonded to the ceramic
THEORETICAL CALORIFIC VALUE ANALYSIS OF BRIQUETTE TEST RESULTS OF VARIATIONS OF BASIC MIXTURES OF ROBUSTA AND ARABIKA COFFEE crisanto, bernardus; Novianto, Michael
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Juni: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v2i1.84

Abstract

Coffee grounds are waste produced from making coffee drinks, most of which are produced by coffee shops and usually this waste is just thrown away. Careless disposal of coffee grounds waste will certainly cause environmental damage, therefore one of the uses of coffee grounds waste in this research is as briquettes. The main ingredients used are robusta and arabica coffee grounds with mixed variations using the composition of 60% robusta, 40% arabica, 50% robusta 50% arabica and 40% arabica 60% robusta. The theoretical heating value calculation method is carried out through the results of heating water using a variety of briquettes, while the actual heating value is obtained from the results of the bomb calorimeter test. From the calculation and testing results, it was found that the theoretical heating value was identical to the test results, where the highest heating value was obtained in briquettes of the 40% Arabica 60% Robusta variation, amounting to 4919.835 cal/g for theoretical calculations and 4526.85 cal/g for bomb calorimeter test results. The theoretical calculation error rate for each comparative variation is 13.07% for the 60% Arabica 40% Robusta variation, 7.97% for the 50% Arabica 50% Robusta variation, and 8.68% for the 60% Arabica 40% Robusta variation
CALCULATION OF POWER REQUIREMENTS TO DRIVE THE BELT WINDER PROTOTYPE PRINTED BY A 3D PRINTER Danang Murdiyanto; Bernardus Crisanto Putra Mbulu; Iga Yuswantoro
Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL) Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Desember: Mechanical, Energy and Material (METAL)
Publisher : Universitas Katolik Widya Karya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59581/metal.v1i2.88

Abstract

The industrial world in the field of medium and large scale construction and maintenance from both various industrial sectors needs to improve procedures with technology that is efficient, safe, can reduce costs, and can minimize process time. Based on the experience of researchers in the agricultural machinery industry when installing and replacing belts on conveyors is done manually, namely by moving the belt using a forklift and according to researchers it is less efficient. The design of this prototype belt winder is to present the actual performance mechanism of the belt winder machine. The method used is to calculate the prototype design, design using 3d software, then the model is printed using a 3d printer. The last process carried out by researchers is assembling each component, then conducting trials and observing the performance mechanism of the prototype belt winder. The results obtained are able to roll a 1030 mm long belt with the required motor power of 5.31 Watt.

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