International Journal of Oil Palm
International Journal of Oil Palm (IJOP) is an online and print mode, a peer-reviewed research journal published by Indonesian Oil Palm Society (Masyarakat PerkelapaSawitan Indonesia, MAKSI), it provides a global publication platform for researcher, scholars, academicians, professionals and students engaged in research in oil palm industries. The main aim of IJOP is to become the world’s leading journal in oil palm that is preferred and trusted by the community through publishing authentic, peer-reviewed and scientifically developed research articles of international caliber. The journal is published three times in a year, 6-10 papers per publication, and the language of the journal is English. JOURNAL SCOPE IJOP publishes research papers in the felds of soil and crop fertilizer application, seedling preparation, cover crop management, leaf pruning, weed control, control of pest and diseases, insect pollinators management, water management, intercropping, cattle oil palm integration, environmental studies, harvesting technology, IT remote sensing GPS application, mechanization, sustainability standards, policy studies, social and economic studies, smallholders empowerment, palm oil mill improvement, biomass utilization, carbon footprint, water footprint, market studies, refinery, food and nutrition technology (oleofood, food safety, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical) and also management of soil preparation, inorganic and organic safety, oleochemicals, downstream industry development, supply chain, and market studies. The published articles can be in the form of research articles, review paper or short communications which have not been published previously in other journals (except in the form of an abstract or academic thesis/dissertation or presented in seminar/conference).
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Study on Characteristics of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch to Predict Condensation Temperature of Tar From Its Pyrolysis Gas
Joni Joni;
Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan;
Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan;
Kiman Siregar
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): September 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i3.42
Palm oil is one type of plants that has various advantages. One of the advantages is almost all parts of the plant, such as trunk, empty fruit bunch (EFB), and the extracted oil, can be utilized as energy. Utilization of EFB for energy, especially the use of combustible gas as direct feed of combustion engines to generate electricity is still rarely used. This is related to the water content and the large amount of volatile substances that will give an unfavorable impact on the quality of the gas produced. To overcome this, information on the characteristics and thermophysical properties, such as dew point, of gases from the EFB biomass is indispensable. In this study, three EFB samples were taken from three different environmental conditions, namely samples A, B and C, to be analyzed. The elemental and proximate analysis as well as GCMS pyrolysis test of the samples were then used to characterize the EFB and determine its thermo-physical properties in terms of its dew point. The elemental analysis of the EFB samples showed disparity of its content, which was around 52.08 ± 7.59% (C), 7.05 ± 0.53% (H), 2.28 ± 0.43% (N), 0.35 ± 0.36% (S) and 34.84 ± 4.45% (O). Likewise, the proximate analysis showed differences around 4.49 ± 2.60% (MC), 5.80 ± 1.97% (FC) and 73.44 ± 3.78% (VM). From the elemental and proximate analysis, it can be predicted that tar compounds produced from pyrolysis of the EFB at a temperature of 400oC, was in the form of mixed oxidation compounds (mixed oxygenates). The compounds were classified as the first tar compound (class 2) consisting of phenols (ketones, phenol and guaiacol). The condensation temperature and the concentration of the tar in its pyrolysis gas were predicted to be 204.22oC, tar 1720.79 mg/Nm3 (sample A); 256.02oC, tar 92.97 mg/Nm3 (sample B); and154.85oC, tar 359.02 mg/Nm3 (sample C), respectively. This information can be useful in designing the tar elimination devices from the pyrolysis gas.
Effects of Environment and Nutritional Conditions on mycelial growth of Ganoderma boninense
Shih Hao Tony Peng;
Chee Kong Yap;
Peng Fei Ren;
Ee Wen Chai
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): September 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i3.43
The Basal Stem Rot disease is caused by the soil-borne pathogen, Ganoderma boninense. It is an annihilating and widespread disease in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The nutritional studies were conducted to know the best sources of carbon and nitrogen, ideal pH regimes, the best humidity and optimum temperature required for the mycelial growth of G. boninense. Out of six carbon sources tested, fructose and glucose proved to be the best carbon sources for the mycelial growth of G. boninense. Out of five nitrogen sources tested, ammonium citrate and ammonium nitrate were noticeably found as the best nitrogen sources for the mycelial growth. Studies on different pH regimes in medium with 83% potatoes and 75% lignocellulosic materials revealed that the ideal pH regimes for the mycelial growth were 4-5. The best humidity for mycelial growth of G. boninense was found between 50-60%. It is suitable to grow between 25 and 32°C, while the optimum temperature is 32°C. This information can be used as a guideline for Ganoderma’s disease prevention study and control strategies in the oil palm plantation in the future
Kinetics of Vitamin A Degradation and Oxidation of Palm Oil Fortified with Retinyl Palmitate and ?-Carotene from Red Palm Oil
Krisna Margaretta Malau;
Nuri Andarwulan;
Drajat Martianto;
Desty Gitapratiwi;
Ayu Cahyaning Wulan;
Dwi Fitriani;
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 2 No. 3 (2019): September 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)
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DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v2i3.44
Retinyl palmitate and ?-carotene from red palm oil (RPO-?-carotene) can be used as sources to fortify vegetable oil. The present study tested three types of bulk palm cooking oil with a peroxide value (PV) of 0, ±4, and ±8 mEq O2kg-1 which each was fortified with retinyl palmitate or RPO-?-carotene alone and combination of both fortificants. The stability of the fortificants in oil samples during storage was investigated. A kinetic analysis of oxidation reaction in fortified palm cooking oil stored in tightly closed amber vials in the dark at different temperatures (60±5, 75±5, and 90±5 °C) was conducted, and then PV, vitamin A concentration and their change rate of reaction in the oils were measured. It reveals that initial PV and mixture of retinyl palmitate and RPO-?-carotene in fortified oil affected the oil stability. Higher initial PV of oil increased the reaction rate constant of peroxide formation and degradation of vitamin A activity during storage. Oxidation reactions of oil samples fortified with the mixtures of retinyl palmitate and RPO-?-carotene was faster than that fortified with retinyl palmitate or RPO-?-carotene only. Our research suggests that applying single fortificant of retinyl palmitate or RPO-?-carotene in oil is more stable than that fortified with combination of both fortificants.