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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 9, No. 4" : 14 Documents clear
Ketidaktepatan Sasaran Jamkesmas Berdasarkan Kriteria Miskin Pendataan Program Perlindungan Sosial Luthfiah, Umi; Setiawan, Ery; Lucia, Sindu Setia
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Jamkesmas) hingga tahun 2010 mencapai 76,4 juta jiwa mencakup masyarakat miskin dan tidak mampu, sedangkan peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Daerah (Jamkesda) mencapai 31,6 juta jiwa. Secara prinsip, program Jamkesda dibentuk untuk memfasilitasi masyarakat miskin dan kurang mampu di luar kuota Jamkesmas yang dibiayai oleh pemerintah daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau ketepatan sasaran peserta program Jamkesmas berdasarkan kriteria miskin Pendataan Program Perlindungan Sosial (PPLS). Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2012. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga di Indonesia tahun 2012. Sampel penelitian adalah rumah tangga terpilih dari masing-masing blok sensus. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis univariat, bivariat hingga multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Masih terdapat 12,4% penduduk yang mendapatkan Jamkesmas, tetapi tidak miskin atau hampir miskin. Selain itu, masih terdapat 56,4% penduduk yang hampir miskin dan 41,1% penduduk miskin yang belum terjangkau pesertaan Jamkesmas. Layanan gratis merupakan faktor yang paling menentukan apakah penduduk dapat menjadi peserta Jamkesmas atau tidak. Mereka yang memiliki layanan kesehatan gratis berpeluang 5,462 kali mendapatkan layanan Jamkesmas dibandingkan mereka yang tidak memiliki layanan gratis. Perbaikan basis data, pengawasan, evaluasi serta sistem alokasi yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi ketidaktepatan sasaran. Penyesuaian data antara Kementerian Kesehatan dan dinas kesehatan daerah berguna dalam penanganan peserta yang belum terdata. Participants of Public Health Insurance (Jamkesmas) up to 2010 reached 76.4 million including poor and disadvantaged people, meanwhile participants of Regional Health Insurance (Jamkesda) reached 31.6 million people. In principle, Jamkesda program is made to facilitate the poor and disadvantaged people outside Jamkesmas quota funded by local government. This study aimed to review the accuracy of Jamkesmas participant target according to the poor criteria of Data Collection for Social Protection Program. Data source used is national socio-economic survey (Susenas) 2012. Population of this study was all households in Indonesia within 2012. Sample of this study was households selected from each block sensus. Analysis conducted was univariate, bivariate, and multivariate with logictic regression. There were 12.4% people receiving Jamkesmas, but they were not poor or almost poor. Moreover, there were 56.4% the almost poor and 41.1% the poor not yet having access to Jamkesmas. Free service is the most determining factor whether people can be Jamkesmas participants. The people who having free health services had an opportunity 5.462 times to get Jamkesmas service compared to the people who did not. Database improvement, surveillance, evaluation as well as good allocation system are needed to reduce the inaccuracy of target. Adjustment of data between Health Ministry and local health agency is useful in handling uncovered participants.
Efektivitas Ovitrap Bambu terhadap Jumlah Jentik Aedes sp yang Terperangkap Aditama, Wiwit; Zulfikar, Zulfikar
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 4
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Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Banda Aceh. Banda Aceh merupakan daerah endemik DBD dengan meningkatnya angka kejadian dan case fatality rate setiap tahun. Insiden tertinggi DBD berada di Kecamatan Baiturrahman dengan angka kejadian 120 per 100.000 penduduk dan tertinggi kedua adalah Kecamatan Jaya Baru dengan angka kejadian 84 per 100.000 penduduk. Keberadaan larva Aedes sp di masyarakat merupakan salah satu indikator populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti di daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah jentik nyamuk Aedes sp yang terperangkap pada masing-masing wadah ovitrap (tempurung kelapa, gelas plastik, dan potongan bambu) serta tingkat kepadatan jentik nyamuk Aedes sp sebelum dan setelah pemasangan wadah ovitrap. Jenis penelitian adalah explanatory study dengan desain eksperimental quasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah proportional sampling. Populasi unit penelitian adalah 30 rumah. Ovitrap diletakkan merata pada 30 titik lokasi dari 10 kelurahan secara acak. Data jumlah jentik nyamuk Aedes yang terperangkap diambil empat kali secara berulang dengan selang waktu satu minggu. Analisis dengan rerata jumlah jentik di dalam ovitrap dan indeks ovitrap. Hasil jumlah jentik Aedes aegypti yang terperangkap sebanyak 1.265. Ovitrap yang paling efektif, yaitu potongan bambu rerata = 123, nilai p = 0,006, HI = 10,01% (16,66 – 26,67%), CI = 36,8% (336,06 – 39,74%), BI = 29,97% (73,33 103,3%). Otoritas kesehatan harus mempromosikan ovitrap bambu kepada masyarakat sebagai upaya pengendalian Aedes sp. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Banda Aceh. Banda Aceh is a DHF endemic city by increasing incidence rate (IR) and case fatality rate every year. The highest DHF incidence was in Baiturrahman District (IR = 120 per 100,000 people) and Jaya Baru District (IR = 84 per 100,000 people). Aedes sp larvae existence among people is one of Aedes aegypti population indicators in such region. This study aimed to find out numbers of Aedes sp trapped in each ovitrap (coconut shell, plastic cup, and piece of bamboo) and Aedes sp density level before and after ovitrap installation. This study was explanatory study using quasi-experimental design. The sampling technique was proportional sampling. Population of study was 30 houses. Ovitraps were randomly located in 30 places of 10 subdistricts. Data of trapped Aedes sp larvae numbers was collected four times repeatedly within one week time-lapse. Analysis was conducted using the mean number of larvae in ovitraps and ovitrap index. The number of Aedes sp larvae trapped was 1,265. The most effective ovitrap is piece of bamboo, mean = 123, p value = 0.006, HI = 10.01% (16.66 26.67%), CI = 36.8% (336.06 - 39.74%), BI = 29.97% (73.33 - 103.3%). Health authorities should promote bamboo ovitrap, especially to public as an effort to control Aedes sp.
Studi Intervensi Klaster Kawasan Tanpa Rokok pada Tingkat Rumah Tangga Najmah, Najmah; Etrawati, Fenny; Yeni, Yeni; Utama, Feranita
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 4
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Perilaku merokok memberikan dampak negatif, baik bagi perokok aktif maupun pasif, ditinjau dari sudut pandang kesehatan maupun ekonomi. Regulasi mengenai Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) yang telah diterbitkan belum ada yang mengatur mengenai penerapan KTR di tingkat rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan perilaku melalui intervensi terpadu KTR pada tingkat rumah tangga. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli - September 2014 menggunakan desain cluster trial pada empat desa di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan. Selanjutnya, 200 sampel kepala keluarga dipilih melalui metode cluster random sampling. Intervensi yang dilakukan meliputi konseling terpadu, pemberian permen pengganti rokok, dan tabungan sehat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi responden yang merokok setiap hari dalam sebulan terakhir dan komitmen untuk tidak akan merokok di masa yang akan datang mencapai 71,6% dan 62% pada kelompok intervensi serta 91% dan 38% pada kelompok non-intervensi. Intervensi ini berpeluang 46% mengurangi perilaku merokok responden (RP = 0,46) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pendidikan (RP = 0,152) dan sikap (RP = 0,216) dengan nilai p < 0,0001. Intervensi terpadu ini terbukti berhasil mengubah perilaku merokok pada kawasan rumah tangga sehingga diperlukan partisipasi masyarakat dan dinas kesehatan setempat untuk menindaklanjuti penerapan intervensi ini dalam jangka panjang. Smoking behavior has negative impacts, both for active and passive smokers, as reviewed from health and economic perspectives. Regulation concerning non-smoking area issued has not yet arranged implementation of non-smoking area at household level. This study aimed to identify any behavior change through integrated intervention of non-smoking area at household level. This study was conducted on July - September 2014 using cluster trial design in four villages at Ogan Ilir District, South Sumatra. Then 200 household head samples were selected through cluster random sampling method. The intervention included integrated counseling, distribution of candy as substitute for cigarette, and healthy saving. Results of study showed that proportion of respondents who smoked every day in a recent month and had a commitment not to smoke in the future reached 71.6% and 62% in the intervention group, then 91% and 38% in the non-intervention group respectively. This intervension had opportunity worth 46% reducing the smoking behavior of the respondents (RP= 0.46) after controlled by the variable of education (RP = 0.152) and attitude (RP = 0.216) with p value < 0.0001. This integrated intervention was profoundly successful changing smoking behavior at household level. So that, public participation and health agency need to follow up the implementation of this intervention in a long term.
Efektivitas Collaborative Governance dalam Pelayanan Komprehensif Berkesinambungan untuk Menanggulangi HIV/AIDS Demartoto, Argyo
Kesmas Vol. 9, No. 4
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Abstract

Di tingkat nasional dan daerah telah terdapat kebijakan publik, program dan kegiatan untuk menanggulangi HIV/AIDS, namun jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS meningkat setiap tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas collaborative governance antarpemangku kepentingan dalam pelayanan komprehensif berkesinambungan untuk menanggulangi HIV/AIDS di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus jenis exploratory. Informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada 2 Juli – 2 September 2013 dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, focus group discussion, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberi dan penerima layanan berperan dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS sesuai tugas dan fungsinya masing-masing. Program pencegahan dan penjangkauan, layanan kesehatan, reduksi bahaya, dan pemberdayaan belum efektif karena komitmen terhadap tujuan dan sikap saling percaya antarpemangku kepentingan belum optimal, petugas lapangan kurang profesional, terdapat konflik laten antarpemangku kepentingan, kurang optimalnya koordinasi antaranggota Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Daerah Kota Surakarta dan rendahnya anggaran untuk penanggulangan HIV/AIDS karena HIV/AIDS belum menjadi isu prioritas dalam pembangunan daerah. Disimpulkan bahwa kolaborasi governance antarpemangku kepentingan belum efektif. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan efektivitas kolaborasi governance antarpemangku kepentingan, harus ada norma, struktur, dan proses yang jelas dalam menanggulangi HIV/AIDS. There have been public policies, programs and activities to cope with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia at national and local level, but number of HIV/AIDS cases is increasing every year. This study aimed to determine effectivity of collaborative governance between stakeholders in a sustainable comprehensive service to cope with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta City. This study was an exploratory study. Informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted on 2 July – 2 September 2013 using in-depth interview, observation, focus group discussion, and documentation. Technique of data analysis was an interactive analysis model. Results showed that service provider and receiver had taken roles in HIV/AIDS coping based on their own duty and function. Prevention and outreach, healthcare service, harm reduction and empowerment programs had not been yet effective because of less optimal commitment to purpose and mutual trust between stakeholders, less professional fieldworkers, latent conflict occurred between stakeholders, less optimal coordination between AIDS Coping Commission of Surakarta City members, and low budget for HIV/AIDS coping as HIV/AIDS is not yet a priority issue in regional development. In brief, collaborative governance between stakeholders is not yet efffective. To improve the quality and the collaborative governance effectivity between stakeholders, there should be any clear norm, structure and process in coping with HIV/AIDS.

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