Biomedical Research and Theory Letters
Biomedical Research and Theory Letters (BRTL) is an international peer‑reviewed journal dedicated to advancing the frontiers of biomedical science through the integration of theory, experimentation, and clinical application. The journal provides a platform for disseminating high‑quality research that bridges fundamental discoveries in the laboratory with translational and clinical practices, while also encouraging theoretical contributions that enrich the conceptual foundations of biomedical knowledge. By fostering dialogue between empirical research and theoretical frameworks, BRTL seeks to promote innovation, methodological rigor, and interdisciplinary collaboration across the biomedical sciences. The scope of BRTL encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, physiology, microbiology, and biomedical engineering. The journal also welcomes submissions in clinical medicine, covering areas such as pathology, pharmacology, immunology, oncology, neurology, cardiology, and infectious diseases. Translational research is a central focus, particularly studies on biomarkers, personalized medicine, and novel therapeutic strategies that connect laboratory findings to patient care. In addition, BRTL recognizes the growing importance of bioinformatics, systems biology, and computational modeling, and invites contributions that employ data‑driven approaches to elucidate complex biomedical phenomena. Public health, epidemiology, and evidence‑based health policy are also within the journal’s scope, ensuring that research published in BRTL has both scientific and societal impact. Biomedical Research and Theory Letters (BRTL) is an international peer‑reviewed journal committed to advancing biomedical science through the integration of theoretical perspectives, experimental findings, and clinical applications. The journal provides a platform for disseminating high‑quality research that bridges fundamental discoveries in the laboratory with translational and clinical practices, while also embracing interdisciplinary approaches that enrich the broader landscape of health sciences. By welcoming contributions from diverse fields including biomedical sciences, medical microbiology, parasitology, pharmacy, nursing, clinical medicine, and public health, BRTL seeks to foster innovation, methodological rigor, and evidence‑based insights that can inform both scientific progress and healthcare delivery. The journal emphasizes originality, conceptual clarity, and ethical integrity, ensuring that each publication contributes meaningfully to the global dialogue on biomedical research and its impact on human health. Through this comprehensive scope, BRTL aspires to serve as a trusted reference for researchers, clinicians, academics, and policymakers worldwide.
Articles
13 Documents
<![CDATA[Clinical Management and Lifestyle Intervention for Hypertension in an Elderly Patient at a Primary Health Care Facility in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Ladyani, Festy]]>;
<![CDATA[Susi]]>;
<![CDATA[Mayasari, Yustira]]>;
<![CDATA[Susanto, Welvin Kurniawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggaraini, Widi]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Widya Karina]]>;
<![CDATA[Aulia, Wijihan Rusi Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Septrihani, Windy]]>;
<![CDATA[Syväjärvi, Mikael]]>
<![CDATA[ Biomedical Research and Theory Letters Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): [Forthcoming Issue] Biomedical Research and Theory Letters ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. FOUNDAE ]]>
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DOI: 10.58524/brtl.v2i1.82
<![CDATA[Hypertension remains one of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide and constitutes a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly among elderly populations. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive therapies, blood pressure control remains suboptimal in many patients due to delayed diagnosis, inadequate treatment adherence, and unhealthy lifestyle practices. Primary health care facilities play a critical role in the early detection, management, and long-term monitoring of hypertension, especially in low- and middle-income settings. This study describes the clinical management and outcomes of an elderly patient with poorly controlled hypertension treated at a community-based primary health care center in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. A 70-year-old woman presented with persistent headaches, dizziness, and fatigue lasting for approximately two weeks. Initial clinical assessment revealed elevated blood pressure of 170/90 mmHg. The patient had a five-year history of hypertension but reported inconsistent use of antihypertensive medication and suboptimal lifestyle behaviors, including frequent caffeine consumption and limited physical activity. Management involved pharmacological therapy using amlodipine at a daily dose of 5 mg, combined with comprehensive non-pharmacological interventions. The patient received individualized counseling focused on lifestyle modification, including dietary salt restriction, reduction of caffeine intake, encouragement of regular physical activity, and routine blood pressure monitoring. Emphasis was also placed on improving medication adherence through patient education and follow-up support. At a two-week follow-up evaluation, the patient demonstrated a clinically meaningful reduction in blood pressure to 150/80 mmHg, accompanied by a marked improvement in reported symptoms. Additionally, the patient showed enhanced understanding of hypertension management and greater adherence to dietary and lifestyle recommendations. These findings underscore the importance of integrated hypertension management strategies in primary care settings, particularly for elderly patients. The combination of appropriate pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modification, and patient education can significantly improve blood pressure control and reduce the risk of long-term complications. Strengthening primary care–based hypertension programs may contribute to better cardiovascular health outcomes at the community level.]]>
<![CDATA[Holistic Primary Care–Based Management of Typhoid Fever in a Toddler from a Resource-Limited Community Setting ]]>
<![CDATA[Ulfa, Zaleha]]>;
<![CDATA[Febrianti, Putri Nabila]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Putri Novita]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Rahmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Ratna Gumilang]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmawati, Rahmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Kaur, Manmeet]]>;
<![CDATA[Shukla, Alok]]>
<![CDATA[ Biomedical Research and Theory Letters Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): [Forthcoming Issue] Biomedical Research and Theory Letters ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. FOUNDAE ]]>
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DOI: 10.58524/brtl.v2i1.83
<![CDATA[Typhoid fever remains a significant public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, where inadequate sanitation, limited access to clean water, and suboptimal hygiene practices continue to facilitate disease transmission. Although typhoid fever is more commonly reported in school-aged children and adolescents, its occurrence in toddlers poses unique diagnostic and management challenges due to atypical clinical presentations and increased vulnerability to dehydration and complications. Early recognition and comprehensive management at the primary health care level are therefore critical. This study describes the holistic primary care–based management of typhoid fever in a 14-month-old boy presenting to a community health center in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. The patient was brought with a three-day history of persistent fever and a one-week history of watery diarrhea, accompanied by decreased appetite, irritability, and generalized weakness. A holistic diagnostic approach integrating clinical symptoms, physical examination, environmental exposure, and family hygiene practices was applied. Key clinical features included a fever pattern worsening in the late afternoon to evening, prolonged diarrhea, and a coated tongue with erythematous margins, strongly suggestive of typhoid fever in the absence of other focal infections. Management combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions tailored to the toddler age group and primary care setting. Pharmacological therapy consisted of first-line antibiotic treatment with cotrimoxazole, antipyretic therapy, zinc supplementation, and oral rehydration therapy to prevent dehydration. Non-pharmacological interventions emphasized continued breastfeeding, adequate fluid intake, safe food preparation, access to clean drinking water, and strict hand hygiene practices within the household. Family members were actively involved in the care process to ensure adherence to treatment and implementation of preventive measures. Clinical improvement was observed following the integrated intervention, with resolution of fever and gastrointestinal symptoms and restoration of appetite and activity levels. This approach highlights the importance of combining clinical management with family-centered hygiene education and environmental risk assessment. The findings underscore the critical role of primary health care services in early detection, effective treatment, and prevention of typhoid fever among vulnerable pediatric populations.]]>
<![CDATA[Holistic Management of Dyslipidemia in a Geriatric Patient with Comorbid Hypertension and History of Hyperuricemia Following Lower Extremity Trauma ]]>
<![CDATA[Hatta, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadjar, Agustina]]>;
<![CDATA[Pratama, Muhammad Iqbal]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhsin, Muhammad Irham Fadil Al]]>;
<![CDATA[Afif, Muhammad Yusuf Al]]>;
<![CDATA[Afkar, Muhammad Zaidan]]>;
<![CDATA[Salsabila, Mutiara]]>
<![CDATA[ Biomedical Research and Theory Letters Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): [Forthcoming Issue] Biomedical Research and Theory Letters ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. FOUNDAE ]]>
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DOI: 10.58524/brtl.v2i1.84
<![CDATA[Dyslipidemia is a major metabolic disorder and a key risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), particularly in the geriatric population. Elderly patients frequently present with multiple comorbidities, such as hypertension and hyperuricemia, which complicate clinical management and substantially increase cardiovascular risk. Moreover, acute conditions, including trauma-related injuries, may further disrupt metabolic control, functional capacity, and adherence to long-term therapy. This case report describes a 70-year-old male patient (RE) who presented to a primary healthcare center with swelling and intermittent pain in the right lower extremity following a fall. The patient had a known history of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated total cholesterol (242 mg/dL), borderline fasting plasma glucose (102 mg/dL), and uric acid level of 6.6 mg/dL. Physical examination was unremarkable except for edema and localized tenderness in the affected limb, consistent with a soft tissue injury. A holistic management approach was implemented, integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Statin therapy was initiated to address dyslipidemia, antihypertensive treatment was optimized, and analgesic therapy combined with limb elevation was provided to manage acute pain and edema. Non-pharmacological strategies included comprehensive lifestyle modification, encompassing dietary counseling (low saturated fat, low salt, and low purine diet), gradual resumption of physical activity following injury recovery, and structured patient–family education to improve adherence and prevent recurrent falls. Follow-up evaluation demonstrated clinical improvement, including resolution of edema, improved functional mobility, and better metabolic control. The novelty of this case lies in demonstrating how acute trauma in geriatric patients can act as a critical entry point for integrated chronic disease management within primary care settings. This case emphasizes that holistic, biopsychosocial–spiritual management not only improves lipid and blood pressure control but also enhances functional outcomes and quality of life in elderly patients with complex comorbidities.]]>
