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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Teknologi Bahan Bakar
Articles 619 Documents
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A METHOD FOR CORRECTING BIAS IN SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL (SP) LOG READING DUE TO HEAVY PRESENCE OF METALLIC MINERALS Bambang Widarsono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 28 No 1 (2005)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.28.1.1037

Abstract

In reservoir characterization and modeling, information derived from well log surveys (Figure 1) plays an important role. Petrophysical properties such as porosity and water saturation are important factors in the determination of hydrocarbon accumulation. (The same is true for the determination of reservoir geometrical dimensions.) Inaccurate Spontaneous Potential (SP) log derived shale contents (V) results in inaccurate porosity and water saturation. SP log is catagorized as lithology log, which primary role is to differentiate between permeable zones and non- permeable zones (i.e. shale). SP log also has secondary purposes such as determination of shale contents and formation water resistivity, as well as its use in many reservoir geological analyses. Some problems that are often asscociated with geological complexity in Indonesia is that many subsurface formations contains significant amount of minerals that have the potential to bias log survey reading including SP log's. Considering SP log's wide span of presence, misleading SP log reading may also have adverse consequence at wider scale. Therefore, a measure is required to minimize the SP log's potential bias due to presence of metallic minerals. The method presented in this paper is suggested to be used for the purpose.
PRODUCTION OF CLEAN DIESEL OILS A.S. Nasution; E. Jasjfi; Evita H. Legowo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 28 No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.28.2.1038

Abstract

Cars and fuels have been developed simultaneously and nowadays cars demand a very sophisticated fuel indeed. Environmental restriction and efforts to minimize the pollution problem by exhaust gases are causing de- sign changes in cars that in turn are having some effects on fuel quality. The development of processes for making high cetane number gas oil blending components and the widespread use of additives to enhance fuel properties have all contributed to the highly developed motor fuel used today". Gas oil components produced in the refineries generally consist of predominantly straight-run gas oil (SRGO) obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oils. There are two types of straightrun gas oil ie a sulfur rich (0.9-1.9 wt.%) aromatic source, and a low- sulfur (<0.2 wt.%) paraffinic crude source121, To satisfy the growing demand for diesel fuel, increased use of cracked stocks is anticipated. The primary requirement in diesel oil properties is that it should burn smoothly, without exploding, under the condition existing in the combustion chamber, so that maximum amount of useful energy is liberated. The ignition quality of a diesel oil is measured by its cetane number, which depends on its hydrocarbon composition. Different refineries produce diesel oil of different compositions, depending on the blending components available. Hydrocarbon compositions of the gas oil components show marked variation in their precombustion and ignition characteristics and so differ in their combustion behavior in an engine. Such a selective hydrocracking process has the following reaction: desulfurization, denitrogenation, deoxygenation, saturation and isomerization which could improve the flowing properties of gas oil components: sulfur, nitrogen, polycyclic aromatics and total aromatics, product stability, colour, neutralization number and distillation temperature (T50 and T90). The properties of the straight-run and cracked gas oil components, and improving their quality by a hydrotreating process to meet the clean diesel oil specification and production of gas oil components in Indonesia's refineries are described. A brief deliberation is offered on the impact of the changing diesel oil quality requirement, particularly due to the environmental restriction, on the refinery configuration.
PRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY FUEL IN INDONESIAN REFINERY A.S. Nasution; Oberlin Sidjabat; Abdul Gafar; Rasdinal Ibrahim; Morina Morina
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 28 No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.28.2.1039

Abstract

Worldwide crude supplies are experiencing a mod- est trend toward heavier and high sulfur content. The average annual demand growth rate for light products (gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil) is higher than that for residual fuel oil, Therefore, converting additional bot- toms into light product by either thermal or catalytic pro- cesses will be needed. Vehicles and fuels have been developed simulta- neously and nowadays vehicles demand a very sophisti- cated fuel indeed. Environmental restriction, and efforts to minimize the pollutant problem by exhaust gases are causing design and changes in cars that in turn are hav- ing some effects on fuel quality. To reduce exhaust emission by fuel combustion, the specification of gasoline and diesel oil is now stricter. Various term in the models address qualities of the re- formulated gasoline, such as benzene, total aromatics and olefin content, RVP, the T of distillation range, sul- fur content, and oxygenate contents (Table 1)18.13.16). Diesel oil specification is limited as follows: aromatics, polyaromatics, sulfur content, T and cetane number (Table 2) (19.23,26) To improve the specification of commercial gasoline into the stricter specification of reformulated gasoline, refiners are forced in install new facilities to increase the production for high-octane mogas components. For the stricter diesel oil specification in the years 2000's, over 50% by volume of the total gas oil components (ex- cept hydrocracked gas oil) must undergo improvement by hydrotreating processes in order to achieve a suitable specification. In Indonesia, there are seven refineries with total crude oil capacity of 1,063 MBCD to produce fuel oils, lube base stocks and petrochemical products. Process- ing units and fuel oil production in Indonesia's refineries are given in Table 3 and 4, respectively. The production of gasoline and diesel oil components is review in this paper. Influence of hydrocarbon composition of those fuel components on their performances is discussed. A brief discussion is offered on the impact of the changing specification of gasoline and diesel oil on the refinery configuration.
USE OF HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA (IKONOS IMAGERY) FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT Tri Muji Susantoro; Adji Gatot Tjiptono; Suliantara Suliantara
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 28 No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.28.2.1040

Abstract

Many activities must be done before doing the 3D seismic survey. 3D seismic work needs accurate and precise information to minimize the cost and negative impact, and or dispute with the local people. The data needs information on road for moving instrument, bridge, river and Ancient River. Data of landuse and landcover, building, public facility, demographic and administration are required for estimating compensation. The use of remote sensing is a good alternative to achieve this objective. The 3D seismic survey will involve an amount of labors in the fields where the survey is conducted. During the survey a number of equipments will be planted and connected by wire. Therefore, the seismic survey will directly make contracts with local people and theirs proprietaries for temporary use or damage compensation. 3D seismic survey can be classified as a complex activities, apart from a large number of labors that are needed to carry explosive and equipments which will be used to comply the survey, social problem must be solved first. Especially when the study area is conducted in a well developed area with dense population, cultivation and other utilities. Considering the previous facts, a well plan operation in the office that is supported by detail and up to date surface map is actually needed. High accuracy and up to date surface map was considered as a critical basic information for the 3D seismic planning. Remote sensing technology with the high spatial resolution satellite data can acquire the latest earth surface data with one meter resolution in relatively short time. Ikonos satellite imagery is one of the high spatial resolution satellite imagery can be chosen and utilized as the main source for providing the surface map.
THE MANAGEMENT OF SPENT CATALYST IN RCC/FCC UNITS IN ASEAN REFINERIES A.S. Nasution; E. Jasjfi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 28 No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.28.3.1041

Abstract

Catalytic cracking processes convert heavy feed- stock (heavy distillate, residue) into gasoline and light cycle stock for middle distillate components. Due to high impurity of feedstock and limited operating condition of catalyst regeneration, fresh catalyst must be added to replace a portion of spent catalyst continously, to maintain the activity of equilibrium catalyst in the reactor. Spent catalyst must be disposed properly so that it does not cause hazard or environmental concern. A survey was conducted on the management of spent catalyst in RCC/FCC unit in ASEAN refineries as an ASCOPE Technical Committee work programme for 1996. Indonesia was tasked as the Coordinator with the support of Member Countries. The Coordinator for each Member Country is listed in the Table 1. This paper discusses briefly catalytic cracking process, deactivation of cracking catalyst and the management of spent cata- lyst in RCC/FCC units 
THE INFLUENCE OF ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION ON THE CHANGE OF PHASE BEHAVIOR IN THE MIXTURE OF OIL - SURFACTANT - ISO PROPYL ALCOHOLFORMATION WATER Nuraini Nuraini
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 28 No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.28.3.1042

Abstract

Surfactant is surface active agent chemical that has two types of properties; lyophobic (like water) and hydrophobic (like oil). One of enhanced oil recovery methods that is used to improve oil recovery factor, is surfactant flooding. Oil and water are two separated phases and have high interfacial tension value (around 30-40 dyne/cm). Addition of surfactant solution at certain concentration into the mixture of oil-surfactant-formation water will change the phase behavior. In this case, four types possibilities of emulsion formed, these are: • Upper phase; Middle phase (microemulsion); Lower phase; Macroemulsion. According to Prince, L.M (Theory and Practice of Microemulsions), change of phase behavior in the oil-surfactant-formation water mixture is influenced by several factors, one of them is concentration of alcohol. The main focus of this research is to study influence of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) concentration on phase behavior in the oil-surfactant-IPA-formation water mixture.Concentration Behavior Oil - Surfactant - Iso
STRATIGRAPHY, TECTONICSAND MAJOR SEQUENCE BOUNDARY DEVELOPMENT IN TERTIARY SEDIMENTS OF CENTRAL SUMATRA BASIN Ukat Sukanta; Mac. Endharto
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 28 No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.28.3.1043

Abstract

According to Satrio and Soejanto (1994), the CPI contract area of Central Sumatra basin has discovered more than 130 fields, and most of these fields are structural traps. The basin is a NW - SE trending elongate depression, which is bounded in the north- west by the Asahan Arc and in the southeast by the Tigapuluh High. To the West, it is bounded by the northwest – southeast trending Barisan Mountains, whereas to the northeast by the Strait of Malacca (Figure 1). The Central Sumatra Basin is based by the Pretertiary basement rocks and has been filled by Eocene up to the Plio-Pleistocene siliciclastic-dominated strata. Based on a three year consulting work for the CPI and discussion with many Earth Scientists of this company, and being supported by much information on the related data from published reports, the senior author has been able to propose scientific contribution on the stratigraphy of the basin and its relationships with tectonism and sea level changes.
ROLE OF CATALYTIC REFORMING PROCESS FOR GASOLINE PRODUCTION IN ASEAN REFINERIES A.S. Nasution; E. Jasjfi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 28 No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.28.3.1044

Abstract

The crude oils processed in refineries range from sweet crudes, such as Southeast Asian light Crudes, to sour crude, suck as Middle East. Far East, and Persian Gulf. For the period 1992-2005, the average annual demand growth rate for light products (gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil) is higher than residual fuel oil. These data clearly show that the need will continue for converting additional bottom into light products, by both thermal or catalytic conversions, The passage of the Clean Air Act Amendement of 1990 in the USA has forced American refineries to install new facilities to comply with stricter specifications for fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil such as Asia-Pacific, California Air Resources Board (CARB) and European Commission (EC), Various terms in the models address qualities of the gasoline blended such as benzene, total aromatics and olefm contents, RVP, the T90 of distillation range, sulphur content, and oxygenates content45, Motor gasoline is essentially a complex mixture of hydrocarbons distilling about 40°C and 220°C and consisting of compounds generally in the range C, to C2. Gasoline components can be produced by both the distillation of crude oil and the conversion of the crude oil fraction. Catalytic reforming process using bifunctional catalyst converts low octane number heavy naphthas into reformate with a high octane number. Bi-functional catalyst containing metal site (Pt, Pt/Ge) and acid site (A1,O,CI) are generally used. The balance is most important in a bifunctional reforming catalyst, and in fact it has to be different for different duties"l The end point of the naphtha feedstock is usually limited to about 185°C, partially because of increased coke deposition on the catalyst. The reforming cata- lyst exhibits a sensitivity to the conventional impurities of naphtha feed, such as: water (moisture), organic compounds of chlor, nitrogen and sulphur, and organometallic compounds (lead, copper, iron). Sintering of the metal phase becomes effective only beyond 500°C as measured by lowering of the dispersion of platinum atom condition, at the same time coke formation on the catalyst incrases tool71, The life of the catalyst will depend both on its stability and regenerability, expressed either in months or year, or in tonnage treated for unit weight of catalyst. This paper presents briefly composition of gasoline pool, specification of commercial gasoline in Indonesia as well as ASEAN refmeries, the catalyst improvements, catalyst deactivation and catalyst re- generation of the reforming process.
INFLUENCE OF HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION OF NAPHTHA FEED ON THE YIELD AND OCTANE NUMBER OF REFORMATE A.S. Nasution
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 27 No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.27.1.1045

Abstract

The rapidly increasing demand for high octane num- ber gasoline and aromatic hydrocarbon as a petrochemical feedstock has promoted refiners to seek methods of improving yields of these valuable products. The purpose of catalytic reforming is to convert a low-octane distillate fraction boiling within the gasoline range into high-octane blending stock and low aromatic hydrocarbons. The increase in the octane number of low-octane naphtha reformer feed can therefore be regardel as the transformation of naphthenes and paraffins into aromatics; resulting in the highest octane improvement. Paraffin and C,ring naphthene aromatization are guided by the metal and acid sites of bifunctional reforming catalyst. In order to obtain more information about the influence of hydrocarbon composition of naphtha reformer feed on the yield and research octane number of reformate, an experiment has been carried out to study the conversion of pure hydrocarbon (ie cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane and n.hexane); and naphthenes, and peraffins of three types of naphtha feeds with various hydrocarbon compositions using bifunctional reforming catalyst. The operating conditions: temperatures: 400 to 500 C, pressure: 10 to 30 bars and H/HC ratio = 8 mole/mole. A Catatest Unit operated in a continuous system was used in this experiment. Gas and liquid product samplers taken from gas and liquid samplers, respectively, were analyzed for their hydrocarbon using a Gas Liquid Chromatography.
DATA PREPARATION FOR WATER INJECTION LABORATORY TEST Tjuwati Makmur; Nuraini Nuraini
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 27 No 1 (2004)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.27.1.1046

Abstract

Oil production limit that is usually followed by decrease of oil productivity in old fields is a major problem and can't be avoided. This case happened when cumulative oil production has approached primary recovery method. Decrease of the action of native reservoir energy is followed by drastically increase of production of water (saturation almost 100 %). In relation to this, a method is needed to obtain the additional oil recovery. Water injection method is one of the solutions to solve oil production problem that happened in old fields. It is expected that by using water injection method, productivity and oil recovery in old fields can be improved. Water that is used as the fluid injected into reservoir to improve oil recovery is sea water. How far oil recovery can be improved by using water injection method, is determined by a laboratory research. Before carrying out water injection laboratory test; one has to know what are the main points that play important role in determining the optimal oil recovery by water injection method. These are: firstly, basic parameters, secondly, laboratory test for water flooding, thirdly, the displacement of water injection process, then, standard operational procedure, next, water injection to obtain the additional oil recovey, lastly, the results are plotted a figure and or tabulated as the result of water injection laboratory test is obtained. In relation to the mentioned above, it will be better to write a scientific paper of water injection laboratory test. This paper is written based on our experience in enhanced oil recovery research (EOR), supported by textbook, such ás American Petroleum Institute, Petroleum Production Handbook and Standard Corrosion and water Technology For Petroleum Producers. Therefore, the main focus of this paper is "Data Preparation for Water Injection Laboratory Test". Hopefully, the contents of this paper give precious and useful informations, that is extremely valuable not only for LEMIGAS as Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas technology, but also for the oil industry of the Departement of Petroleum Engineering of the universities in Indonesia

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